The theory of Smith (1977,1980) is generalized to include both forced and free rotations by introducing an arbitrarily rotating nutation frame.The Eulerien equations are transformed to include the following unknowns:t...The theory of Smith (1977,1980) is generalized to include both forced and free rotations by introducing an arbitrarily rotating nutation frame.The Eulerien equations are transformed to include the following unknowns:the angular velocity of the nutation frame with respect to the spatial frame,which represents the nutation,and the angles defining the orientation of the Earth with respect to the nutation frame,which represents the polar motion.Together with the definition of the nutation frame (as the definition of the nutation frame is arbitrary to some extent),one can solve simultaneously forced and free nutation and polar motion.As demonstrative examples,studies of nutation and polar motion are made by assuming the nutation axis to be the Earth’s figure axis,rotation axis and angular momentum axis respectively.And the case of the celestial ephemeris pole is also studied.展开更多
目的探讨Mettl3对滤泡调节性T细胞(T_(FR),follicular regulatory T cells)免疫应答的调控作用。方法用LCMVArmstrong病毒感染Mettl3的条件性敲除组Mettl3^(fl/fl)Cd4-Cre/Mettl3^(fl/fl)Cxcr5-Cre小鼠以及对照组WT小鼠。在感染后第8天...目的探讨Mettl3对滤泡调节性T细胞(T_(FR),follicular regulatory T cells)免疫应答的调控作用。方法用LCMVArmstrong病毒感染Mettl3的条件性敲除组Mettl3^(fl/fl)Cd4-Cre/Mettl3^(fl/fl)Cxcr5-Cre小鼠以及对照组WT小鼠。在感染后第8天,利用流式细胞术检测Mettl3敲除组小鼠和对照组WT小鼠脾脏T_(FR)细胞的频率、数量和T_(FR)细胞功能相关标志物(PD1、GITR、ICOS)的表达,生发中心(germinal center,GC)B细胞和浆细胞的数量和频率。通过1:1过继转移WT小鼠和Mettl3^(fl/fl)Cd4-Cre小鼠来源的骨髓细胞,构建骨髓嵌合小鼠,8周后选择重建成功的小鼠注射NP-OVA/CFA进行蛋白免疫,第8天时,利用流式细胞术检测小鼠脾脏中2种来源T_(FR)细胞的频率和T_(FR)功能相关分子(CTLA4、GITR)的表达。结果LCMV-Armstrong感染后,与WT组相比,Mettl3^(fl/fl)Cd4-Cre和Mettl3^(fl/fl)Cxcr5-Cre小鼠T_(FR)细胞的频率和数量减少(P<0.05),T_(FR)细胞PD1、GITR、ICOS的表达下降(P<0.05),GC-B细胞和浆细胞的数量和频率降低(P<0.05)。NP-OVA蛋白免疫后,骨髓嵌合小鼠中敲除Mettl3的T_(FR)细胞比例降低,CTLA4、GITR的表达下降(P<0.05)。结论Mettl3的缺失抑制了急性感染和蛋白免疫应答中T_(FR)细胞的分化和功能。展开更多
基金ProjectsupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChi na (No .498740 0 3)
文摘The theory of Smith (1977,1980) is generalized to include both forced and free rotations by introducing an arbitrarily rotating nutation frame.The Eulerien equations are transformed to include the following unknowns:the angular velocity of the nutation frame with respect to the spatial frame,which represents the nutation,and the angles defining the orientation of the Earth with respect to the nutation frame,which represents the polar motion.Together with the definition of the nutation frame (as the definition of the nutation frame is arbitrary to some extent),one can solve simultaneously forced and free nutation and polar motion.As demonstrative examples,studies of nutation and polar motion are made by assuming the nutation axis to be the Earth’s figure axis,rotation axis and angular momentum axis respectively.And the case of the celestial ephemeris pole is also studied.
文摘目的探讨Mettl3对滤泡调节性T细胞(T_(FR),follicular regulatory T cells)免疫应答的调控作用。方法用LCMVArmstrong病毒感染Mettl3的条件性敲除组Mettl3^(fl/fl)Cd4-Cre/Mettl3^(fl/fl)Cxcr5-Cre小鼠以及对照组WT小鼠。在感染后第8天,利用流式细胞术检测Mettl3敲除组小鼠和对照组WT小鼠脾脏T_(FR)细胞的频率、数量和T_(FR)细胞功能相关标志物(PD1、GITR、ICOS)的表达,生发中心(germinal center,GC)B细胞和浆细胞的数量和频率。通过1:1过继转移WT小鼠和Mettl3^(fl/fl)Cd4-Cre小鼠来源的骨髓细胞,构建骨髓嵌合小鼠,8周后选择重建成功的小鼠注射NP-OVA/CFA进行蛋白免疫,第8天时,利用流式细胞术检测小鼠脾脏中2种来源T_(FR)细胞的频率和T_(FR)功能相关分子(CTLA4、GITR)的表达。结果LCMV-Armstrong感染后,与WT组相比,Mettl3^(fl/fl)Cd4-Cre和Mettl3^(fl/fl)Cxcr5-Cre小鼠T_(FR)细胞的频率和数量减少(P<0.05),T_(FR)细胞PD1、GITR、ICOS的表达下降(P<0.05),GC-B细胞和浆细胞的数量和频率降低(P<0.05)。NP-OVA蛋白免疫后,骨髓嵌合小鼠中敲除Mettl3的T_(FR)细胞比例降低,CTLA4、GITR的表达下降(P<0.05)。结论Mettl3的缺失抑制了急性感染和蛋白免疫应答中T_(FR)细胞的分化和功能。