An effective fire and smoke propagation model is important for evaluating building safety, indicating safe rescue paths in emergencies, and determining proper control strategies. In this paper, a new model to simulate...An effective fire and smoke propagation model is important for evaluating building safety, indicating safe rescue paths in emergencies, and determining proper control strategies. In this paper, a new model to simulate smoke propagation and to characterize mixing behavior is developed. In this model, a function considering the mixing behavior between the hot smoke and cool air is introduced to better resolve the temperature and smoke profiles in the vertical direction. Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) approach is used to obtain the function distribution through reconstructing velocities of marker particles and determining locations of particles in each layer in the zone model. The fundamentals of the model are presented in detail in this paper. A test (a simple building with experimental data and CFD simulation) is used to verify the model, in which experimental data and CFD simulations are compared to predictions from the new model and those from a two-layer model implemented using CFAST (Consolidated Model of Fire and Smoke Transport, developed by NIST). Favorable agreement of the new model results is seen with experiment data or CFD simulations. The new model also provides more accurate prediction of temperature distribution in comparison to the two-layer model.展开更多
Following the revelation of the molecular mechanism of morphogenesis in fruitfly, research on the molecular mechanism of morphogenesis in vertebrate becomes the focus of developmental biology. The isolation of genes c...Following the revelation of the molecular mechanism of morphogenesis in fruitfly, research on the molecular mechanism of morphogenesis in vertebrate becomes the focus of developmental biology. The isolation of genes controlling the embryogenesis of zebrafish, a vertebrate model animal, is considered as an initial step toward investigating this issue. There are several approaches that can be used to isolate developmental genes, each of which is suited to a particular situation. In this note, mRNA differential display was utilized to demonstrate the mRNA differences among zebrafish embryos at 4, 5 and 6 h post fertilization (28.5℃, corresponding to oblong, dome and shield stages, respectively, called blastula, gastrula and neurula in this note). One cDNA tag that was specific to embryos at neurula stage was cloned and sequenced. After sequence comparison in Genbank, we found that this cDNA tag represents a novel gene. The expression of this gene in the developing zebrafish embryos was examined by whole mount in situ hybridization. The hybridization results confirmed that this gene was specifically expressed in zebrafish neurula embryos.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50804027)
文摘An effective fire and smoke propagation model is important for evaluating building safety, indicating safe rescue paths in emergencies, and determining proper control strategies. In this paper, a new model to simulate smoke propagation and to characterize mixing behavior is developed. In this model, a function considering the mixing behavior between the hot smoke and cool air is introduced to better resolve the temperature and smoke profiles in the vertical direction. Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) approach is used to obtain the function distribution through reconstructing velocities of marker particles and determining locations of particles in each layer in the zone model. The fundamentals of the model are presented in detail in this paper. A test (a simple building with experimental data and CFD simulation) is used to verify the model, in which experimental data and CFD simulations are compared to predictions from the new model and those from a two-layer model implemented using CFAST (Consolidated Model of Fire and Smoke Transport, developed by NIST). Favorable agreement of the new model results is seen with experiment data or CFD simulations. The new model also provides more accurate prediction of temperature distribution in comparison to the two-layer model.
文摘Following the revelation of the molecular mechanism of morphogenesis in fruitfly, research on the molecular mechanism of morphogenesis in vertebrate becomes the focus of developmental biology. The isolation of genes controlling the embryogenesis of zebrafish, a vertebrate model animal, is considered as an initial step toward investigating this issue. There are several approaches that can be used to isolate developmental genes, each of which is suited to a particular situation. In this note, mRNA differential display was utilized to demonstrate the mRNA differences among zebrafish embryos at 4, 5 and 6 h post fertilization (28.5℃, corresponding to oblong, dome and shield stages, respectively, called blastula, gastrula and neurula in this note). One cDNA tag that was specific to embryos at neurula stage was cloned and sequenced. After sequence comparison in Genbank, we found that this cDNA tag represents a novel gene. The expression of this gene in the developing zebrafish embryos was examined by whole mount in situ hybridization. The hybridization results confirmed that this gene was specifically expressed in zebrafish neurula embryos.
