Trace element compositions of pyrite and stibnite:implications for the genesis of antimony mineralization in the Yangla Cu skarn deposit,Northwestern Yunnan,China

The Yangla Cu skarn deposit is located in the central part of the Jinshajiang Suture Zone,southwest China,with a total reserve of 150 Mt Cu@1.03%.The newly discovered antimony orebodies at the depth of Yangla are strictly controlled by the stratum,structure,and lithology,which are lenticular and vein-like within the marble fracture zone,which can provide a window into multistage miner-alization and ore genesis at Yangla.Mineralization can be divided into three types,Cu–Pb–Zn(skarn)pyrite,galena,and sphalerite,Cu(porphyry)chalcopyrite and pyrite,and Sb(hydrothermal)stibnite and pyrite.The mineral assem-blages were stibnite+pyrite+calcite+quartz±minor scheelite in antimony ores.This study presents quantitative measurements of the trace element compositions of pyrite and stibnite from the Yangla antimony ores.Analysis of pyrite with electron probe microanalysis(EPMA)showed enrichment in Co,Ni,Sb,As,and Mo,and deficit in its S and Fe contents when compared to the stoichiometric con-centrations of S and Fe in pyrite.The Sb-related pyrite may belong to sedimentary-reworked genesis and may be modi-fied by hydrothermalfluids,thereby presenting a certain dif-ference(i.e.,crystal morphology,texture,and chemical com-position)compared to the skarn and porphyry Cu-related pyrite in the Yangla Cu skarn deposit.Analysis of stibnite with EPMA and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrom-etry showed enrichment in As,Pb,Sn,Pb,Cu,and Zn,and presented much higher Sb contents and slightly lower S con-tents when compared to the stoichiometric concentrations of Sb and S in stibnite.Statistical analysis of the stibnite trace elements showed correlations for the elemental pairs Cu–Pb,As–Sb,and Sn–Pb,and the coupled substitution equations Sb^(3+)↔Cu^(+)+Pb^(2+),Sb^(3+)↔As^(3+),and Sn^(2+)↔Pb^(2+)may be the major factors governed the incorporating Cu,Pb,As and Sn within the stibnite.Moreover,this study preliminary shows that the antimony mineralization may belong to a car-bonate replacement hydrothermal genesis at Yangla.

Chemical compositions of sulfides in the porphyry Cu ores,Yangla Cu deposit,Yunnan,China:implication for ore genesis

The Yangla Cu deposit is the largest ore deposit in the Jinshajiang polymetallic metallogenic belt,northwest Yunnan,China.There is no consensus on the genesis of the ore deposit owing to the limited studies on the chemical compositions of sulfides.This study used an electron probe micro-analyzer to constrain the chemical compositions of pyrite,chalcopyrite,molybdenite,and sphalerite in the porphyry Cu ore of the Yangla Cu deposit and compared them with the chemical compositions of sulfides in the skarn Cu ore.The trace element contents and their occurrences were used to estimate the metallogenic temperature and infer the genesis of the Yangla deposit.The results show that the sulfides in the porphyry Cu ores have variations of ore element concentrations relative to their theoretical values.Pyrite is depleted in S but elevated in Fe;chalcopyrite is depleted in Cu,Fe,and S;and molybdenite and sphalerite are enriched in S whilst depleted in Mo and Zn.The concentrations of the main metallogenic elements Cu,Fe,Mo,Zn,and S in the porphyry are generally lower than those in skarn,suggesting that the porphyry ore was formed in a moderate to moderate-high temperature metallogenic environment.The formation time may also be slightly later than that of the skarn Cu ore.Elements such as As,Co,Cu.Pb,Zn,Mo,Cd,and Ni mainly exist as isomorphic replacements and mineral inclusions in the sulfides of both porphyry and skarn Cu ores.The trace element features of sulfides in the two ore bodies show that the Yangla Cu deposit may be a composite super imposed ore deposit,and让s formation has undergone the process of exhalative-sedimentary to skarnporphyry mineralization.

A novel fast classification filtering algorithm for LiDAR point clouds based on small grid density clustering

Clustering filtering is usually a practical method for light detection and ranging(LiDAR)point clouds filtering according to their characteristic attributes.However,the amount of point cloud data is extremely large in practice,making it impossible to cluster point clouds data directly,and the filtering error is also too large.Moreover,many existing filtering algorithms have poor classification results in discontinuous terrain.This article proposes a new fast classification filtering algorithm based on density clustering,which can solve the problem of point clouds classification in discontinuous terrain.Based on the spatial density of LiDAR point clouds,also the features of the ground object point clouds and the terrain point clouds,the point clouds are clustered firstly by their elevations,and then the plane point clouds are selected.Thus the number of samples and feature dimensions of data are reduced.Using the DBSCAN clustering filtering method,the original point clouds are finally divided into noise point clouds,ground object point clouds,and terrain point clouds.The experiment uses 15 sets of data samples provided by the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing(ISPRS),and the results of the proposed algorithm are compared with the other eight classical filtering algorithms.Quantitative and qualitative analysis shows that the proposed algorithm has good applicability in urban areas and rural areas,and is significantly better than other classic filtering algorithms in discontinuous terrain,with a total error of about 10%.The results show that the proposed method is feasible and can be used in different terrains.

Observation on the Application of“Online+Offline”Mixed Teaching Mode in Clinical Nursing Teaching

Objective:To observe the application effect of“online+offline”mixed teaching mode in clinical nursing teaching.Methods:A total of 72 clinical nursing workers,who work in PLA General Hospital and participated in the experiment from March 2019 to March 2021,were selected as the subjects of this study.According to the odd numbers assigned to the participants’names,the participants were divided into two groups:the experimental group and the control group,with 36 cases in each group.The experimental group received“online+offline”hybrid teaching,whereas the control group received traditional offline teaching.In order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the two groups of nursing workers,their assessment scores,teaching satisfaction scores,and teaching evaluation indicators were observed.Results:The experimental group was significantly better than the control group in terms of assessment scores,teaching satisfaction scores,and teaching evaluation indicators(P<0.05).Conclusion:In clinical nursing teaching,the“online+offline”mixed teaching mode plays a unique role in improving students’scores and teaching quality;thus,it should be promoted.

Perioperative Nursing Observation of Plasma Radiofrequency Ablation for Treatment of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniation

Objective:To observe and analyze the perioperative nursing effect of plasma radiofrequency ablation for treatment of lumbar disc herniation.Methods:A total of 100 patients with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation received from October 2017 to October 2020 were selected and randomly divided into two groups with 50 cases in each group.The control group received the conventional nursing model and the experimental group received the comprehensive nursing model.The two groups of nursing care were compared on satisfaction,SDS and SAS scores before and after treatment,VAS score and JOA score before and after treatment,and treatment effect.Results:The nursing satisfaction of the experimental group,SDS and SAS scores before and after treatment,VAS score and JOA score before and after treatment,and the treatment effect were better than those of the control group.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:The comprehensive nursing model has a significant effect on the perioperative nursing of the treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation by plasma radiofrequency ablation.More popularization and application will help improve the treatment effect.

Direct Synthesis of α-Aminophosphonates from Amines,Alcohols,and White Phosphorus

Developing practical strategies for the synthesis of organophosphorus compounds(OPCs)from white phosphorus(P_(4))without the use of Cl_(2) and PCl_(3) remains a significant challenge.The first multicomponent oxidative α-phosphonylation of amines with P_(4) and alcohols has been developed.With the use of copper(Ⅱ)as the catalyst and air as the safe oxidant,structurally sophisticated α-aminophosphonates have been prepared in high yields.Furthermore,this method is also suitable for selective construction of P-O-P compounds.The reaction is characterized by a complete conversion of P_(4).The activation of P_(4) with transition metals often leads to formation of complexes[M_(x)P_(y)]_(n) associated with the deactivation of transition metals.This breakthrough showcases the potential of transition-metal-catalyzed reactions in elemental phosphorus chemistry.

Synthesis of Tetrathiophosphates from White Phosphorus

Comprehensive Summary,A transition-metal-free one-pot direct synthesis of tetrathiophosphates(R^(1)S)_(2)P(S)SR^(2) from white phosphorus(P_(4)),through intermediate sodium alkyltetrathiophosphates(R^(1)S)_(2)P(S)SNa,is presented.In the presence of NaSH,various disulfides such as diaryl disulfidbges and dialkyl disulfides are easily coupled with P_(4) to give sodium alkyltetrathiophosphates(R^(1)S)_(2)P(S)SNa in almost quantitative yield,which react with alkyl halides in one pot to generate(R^(1)S)_(2)P(S)SR2.Furthermore,S-(2-cyanoethyl)-substituted tetrathiophosphates(R^(1)S)_(2)P(S)SCH_(2)CH_(2)CN are successfully designed as a kind of tetrathiophosphorylation reagent to react with diaryl iodonium salts involving deprotection-dealkylation process.

Immunosuppressive therapy selectively modulates B-cell responses in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases receiving the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine

Background:Immunosuppressive medication reduces the immunogenicity of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccines in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases(RMDs).However,the underlying mechanism remains unclear.The primary aim of our study was to dissect the impact of immunosuppressive medication on cellular and humoral immune responses in RMD patients receiving the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine.Methods:A total of 28 RMD patients and five healthy controls(HCs)receiving two doses of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine(Sinovac-CoronaVac)were prospectively enrolled.Blood samples were collected before the primary vaccination(Week 0)and one week after the second vaccination(Week 5).Neutralizing antibody(nAb)titers and autoantibody titers were measured by a pseudovirus-based neutralization assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,respectively.CD4^(+)T-cell and CD19^(+)B-cell subsets and serum cytokines were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results:The inactivated COVID-19 vaccine was immunogenic in RMD patients and HCs after the second vaccination,but the nAb titers were lower in RMD patients than those in HCs.Only patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)had notably increased nAb titers.Remarkably,IgG^(+)CD27^(+),IgG^(+)IgG1^(+),and IgG^(+)IgG1^(−)B cells were reduced,whereas IgG−IgG1^(+)B cells,and total IgA and IgG titers were markedly increased.However,Tfh cell and Tfr cell subsets and cytokines produced by Tfh cells were not increased.The flare rate was low in RMD patients with comparable autoantibody titers,unchanged CD4^(+)T cell subsets and serum proinflammatory cytokines(interleukin[IL]-6,IL-17,interferon-γ,and tumor necrosis factor-α)after the second vaccination.Conclusions:Immunosuppressive therapy decreased the immunogenicity of the vaccine and maintained a low flare rate by selectively modulating B cell but not CD4^(+)T cell responses in RMD patients receiving the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine.Optimization of the treatment regimen might ensure a durable and robust COVID-19 vaccination response.

The establishment and evaluation of near infrared universal model to determinate the effective ingredient content in pesticide rapidly

A near infrared universal quantitative analysis model was established to determinate the effective ingredient content in pesticide EC （hikemalisation） by the PLS （partial least squares） algorithm, the model predictive ability was evaluated by the external inspection method. The model was established among samples containing the same active ingredient from five different companies, and the model determination coefficient R2 and RMSECV （root mean square error of cross validation） were 0.9997 and 0.0223, respectively, the relative error between predicted value and chemical value of the testing set samples was between -2.71% and 3.36%, which indicated that the method to determinate the effective ingredient content in pesticide EC by the established universal model can meet the need of pesticide market monitoring.

Short-chain fatty acids in blood pressure, friend or foe

To the Editor:Gut microbiota,the trillions of microbes living in the human and rodent gut,play a pivotal role in cardiovascular diseases,including hypertension and atherosclerosis.One of the crucial mechanisms underlying gut microbiota functions in cardiovascular diseases is the microbiota-derived metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).And emerging evidence demonstrated gut microbiota-derived metabolites——SCFAs maintained stable blood pressure.[1]However,there is no large cohort study on the correlation of SCFAs with hypertension.

An Optoelectronic thermometer based on microscale infrared-to-visible conversion devices

Thermometric detectors are crucial in evaluating the condition of target objects spanning from environments to the human body.Optical-based thermal sensing tools have received extensive attention,in which the photon upconversion process with low autofluorescence and high tissue penetration depth is considered as a competent method for temperature monitoring,particularly in biomedical fields.Here,we present an optoelectronic thermometer via infrared-to-visible upconversion,accomplished by integrated light receiving and emission devices.Fully fabricated thin-film,microscale devices present temperature-dependent light emission with an intensity change of 1.5%℃^(-1) and a spectral shift of 0.18 nm℃^(-1).The sensing mechanism is systematically characterized and ascribed to temperature dependent optoelectronic properties of the semiconductor band structure and the circuit operation condition.Patterned device arrays showcase the capability for spatially resolved temperature mapping.Finally,in vitro and in vivo experiments implemented with integrated fiber-optic sensors demonstrate real-time thermal detection of dynamic human activity and in the deep brain of animals,respectively.

Sucrose as chiral selector for determining enantiomeric composition of phenylalanine by UV-vis spectroscopy and chemometrics

The determination of enantiomeric composition by partial least squares （PLS） modeling of UV-vis spectral data was investigated for samples of phenylalanine （phe） using sucrose as a chiral auxiliary. And a new data preprocess method, reference band normalization, was introduced to eliminate the spectral variations due to the changes of total concentration of phe. The determination coefficient （R2） and the standard error of calibration set （SEC） of 13 standard samples are 0.9987 and 0.0128 respectively. The standard error of validation set （SECV） of 7 validation samples is 0.0049. The standard error of predict （SEP） of 6 blind samples for evaluating the robustness of the model is 0.0366. The regression model is robust to determine enantiomeric composition when total concentration varied. It is demonstrated that the reference band normalization is a convenient method of compensating for variations in total concentrations without knowing that in advance.

Exploring the potentiality of future standard candles and standard sirens to detect cosmic opacity

In this work,we explore the potentiality of future gravitational wave(GW)and Type la supermovae(SNe la)measurements to detect cosmic opacity by comparing the opacity-free luminosity distance(LD)of GW events with the opacity-dependent LD of SNe la observations.The GW data are simulated from the future measurements of the ground-based Einstein Telescope(ET)and the space-borne Deci-Herz Interferometer Gravitational wave Obser-vatory(DECIGO).The SNe la data are simulated from the observations of the Wide Field Infrared Survey Tele-scope(WFIRST)that will be collected over the next few decades.A binning method is adopted to match the GW data with the SNe la data at the same redshift z with a sclection criterion|△z|<0.005,and most of the available data from the GW measurements is employed to detect cosmic opacity due to improvements in the distribution of the fu-ture SNe la observations.Results show that the uncertainties of the constraints on cosmic opacity can be reduced toσe~0.0041 and 0.0014 at the lσconfidence level(CL)for 1000 data points from the ET and DECIGO measure-ments,respectively.Compared with the allowable limits of intergalactic opacity obtained from quasar continum ob-servations,these future astronomical observations can be used to verify the cosmic opacity.In this way,GW and SNe la measurements can be used as important and effective tools to detect cosmic opacity in the future.

Appraisal of an oligomerization behavior of unprotected carbohydrates induced by phosphorus reagent

In this article, a novel oligomerization behavior of unprotected monosaccharides was discovered in a one-pot reaction induced by phosphorus reagent at room temperature. The inherent characteristics of the oligomerization reaction were dissected in detail by mass spectrometry based method combined with NMR technology. It was found that the main glycosidic bonding pattern is (1→6) linkage with 66% regioselectivity for each step. The ratio of α-(1→6) and β-(1→6) glycosidic bonds formed is around 1:1. The reactivity of 1-OH group from aldoses and the driving force from penta-coordinated phosphorus intermediates are the two critical factors for the oligomerization, according to the monitoring experiments by ESI-MS and NMR. Besides, the oligomerization reaction has good compatibility for various aldoses and could expand to O-glycosylated modification of peptides in vitro. The above results will provide a novel enlightenment to develop more convenient and higher-efficient methods for the synthesis of oligosaccharide library.