目的:探讨腰椎后路单节段融合术后早期功能康复对患者功能恢复及并发症的影响.方法:回顾性研究2016年10月~2017年12月因腰椎退行性疾病行腰椎后路单节段融合手术(posterior lumbar interbody fusion,PLIF)病例,将患者分为早期康复组和...目的:探讨腰椎后路单节段融合术后早期功能康复对患者功能恢复及并发症的影响.方法:回顾性研究2016年10月~2017年12月因腰椎退行性疾病行腰椎后路单节段融合手术(posterior lumbar interbody fusion,PLIF)病例,将患者分为早期康复组和对照组.早期康复组患者术后第1天在腰围保护下离床活动,同时拔除尿管,更改引流为常压引流袋,在康复师指导下行早期功能锻炼;对照组患者术后卧床休息,维持负压引流,拔除引流管后进行自行功能锻炼.主要观察指标包括腰椎Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)及疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS),围手术期并发症、引流量及引流时间,以及住院时间.结果:本研究共纳入113例单节段PLIF病例,其中2017年6月前手术患者均行传统康复措施,纳入对照组,之后手术患者均进行早期康复锻炼并纳入早期康复组.早期康复组52例,女性占61.5%(32例),患者平均年龄52.4±15.9岁(23~78岁).对照组61例,患者平均年龄55.0±11.2岁(21~76岁),女性患者占54.1%(33例).两组患者手术时间(118.79min vs 117.77min,P>0.05)、术中出血量(306.56ml vs 307.73ml,P>0.05)无显著统计学差异.术后两组拔管时间(3.00d vs 3.15d)及总引流量(390.77ml vs 374.75ml)均无明显统计学差异(P>0.05),两组患者术后1个月、3个月、6个月和1年随访ODI和VAS评分无明显统计学差异(P>0.05).早期康复组出现1例再手术,1例术后腹胀便秘,对照组出现2例下肢静脉血栓形成,2例泌尿系感染,4例腹胀便秘,两组围手术期相关并发症发生率(3.8%vs 13.1%,P<0.05)及平均住院时间(8.7±3.2d vs 10.2±2.7d,P<0.01)比较,差异具有统计学意义.结论:腰椎单节段融合术后早期在康复师指导下进行离床活动及主动功能锻炼可降低围手术期卧床相关并发症风险,减少住院时间,但对总引流量、拔管时间、临床疗效及疼痛改善无明显影响.展开更多
目的探讨后路一期胸椎管后壁切除、局限性后纵韧带骨化块切除联合去后凸治疗胸椎多节段后纵韧带骨化症(ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament,OPLL)的安全性与有效性。方法自2012年08月至2016年08月共采用此技术治疗胸...目的探讨后路一期胸椎管后壁切除、局限性后纵韧带骨化块切除联合去后凸治疗胸椎多节段后纵韧带骨化症(ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament,OPLL)的安全性与有效性。方法自2012年08月至2016年08月共采用此技术治疗胸椎多节段OPLL患者31例,其中获得2年以上随访的29例患者纳入研究。男9例,女20例;年龄32-65岁,平均(48.5±7.1)岁。后纵韧带骨化节段数量为3-11节段,平均(6.5±2.2)节段;切除椎板节段数量为4-13节段,平均(7.9±2.5)节段。其中26例合并胸椎黄韧带骨化症。采用"揭盖法"将OPLL对应节段椎管后壁切除,在靠近后凸顶点及对脊髓压迫最重部位的OPLL骨化块进行限局性切除;然后经椎间隙楔形截骨减轻后凸畸形程度。术后随访主要观察指标为脊髓功能改善情况及影像学参数测量,统计学分析采用配对设计t检验。结果27例患者采用单节段局限性切除,2例采用双节段局限性切除。手术时间131-423 min,平均(245.2±75.1)min;术中出血量300-6 000 ml,平均(1 307.9±1 457.7)ml。术后随访时间25-69个月,平均(40.2±14.9)个月。术前胸椎管狭窄节段范围内后凸Cobb角平均28.7°±9.6°,术后即刻平均17.3°±8.6°,与术前比较差异有统计学意义,后凸角度平均减少11.4°±3.5°;末次随访时平均22.3°±10.3°,与术后即刻比较差异有统计学意义,平均减少7.4°±3.1°。切除后纵韧带骨化块长度平均(11.3±3.9)mm,后纵韧带骨化块切除部位的相邻椎体后缘短缩长度平均(5.0±3.0)mm(0.4-13. 8 mm)。术前平均日本骨科协会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores,JOA)评分(11分法)为(4.3±2.2)分(1-9分),末次随访时为(9.3±2.3)分(3-11分),与术前比较差异有统计学意义。症状缓解率中位数为85.7% (-100%-100%),优良率为89.7%。术后6例患者术后出现一过性神经症状加重,最终均恢复至优于术前;1例患者发生持续性截瘫;19例发生脑脊液漏,均经保守治疗后痊愈。结论对于胸椎多节段后纵韧带骨化患者,一期后路胸椎椎管后壁切除、局限性后纵韧带骨化块切除联合去后凸手术可获得明显的脊髓功能改善,且术后并发截瘫的风险低,是一种安全、有效的手术方式。展开更多
目的探讨腰椎拟融合节段的相邻节段术前存在的椎管狭窄因素对术后早期临床疗效的影响。方法采用前瞻性对比研究,将2015年7月-2017年12月收治的符合选择标准的183例L4~S1腰椎管狭窄症患者,根据术前椎间盘退变情况及椎管狭窄情况判断的相...目的探讨腰椎拟融合节段的相邻节段术前存在的椎管狭窄因素对术后早期临床疗效的影响。方法采用前瞻性对比研究,将2015年7月-2017年12月收治的符合选择标准的183例L4~S1腰椎管狭窄症患者,根据术前椎间盘退变情况及椎管狭窄情况判断的相邻节段退变(adjacent segment degeneration,ASD)状态不同分成两组,A组98例(术前相邻节段无退变),B组85例(术前相邻节段已退变)。两组患者性别、美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、合并滑脱状态及术前腰、腿痛疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、日本骨科协会(JOA)评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)等一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组患者年龄显著小于B组(t=-3.560,P=0.000)。记录并比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、围术期并发症;末次随访时采用腰、腿痛VAS评分、JOA评分、ODI评分评价疗效。比较两组间末次随访时ASD发生情况,采用logistic回归分析影响患者术后出现ASD的独立危险因素。结果两组患者手术时间、术中出血量及住院时间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A、B组围术期并发症发生率分别为13.3%和20.0%,比较差异无统计学意义(χ^2=1.506,P=0.220)。两组患者均获随访,A、B组随访时间分别为(24.9±8.8)个月和(24.8±7.8)个月,差异无统计学意义(t=0.050,P=0.960)。至末次随访时,两组患者均未出现相邻节段病变。两组患者末次随访时椎间盘Pfirrmann分级与术前比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术前及末次随访时两组间Pfirrmann分级差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。至末次随访时A、B组分别有21例(21.4%)和53例(62.4%)出现ASD,比较差异有统计学意义(χ^2=31.652,P=0.000);术后相邻节段椎管狭窄程度加重是术后发生ASD的主要原因。两组患者末次随访时各临床评分均较术前显著改善(P<0.05),末次随访时A组JOA评分显著高于B组(P<0.05)。B组患者中术后出现ASD患者末次随访时的腰痛VAS评分、ODI评分显著高于非ASD患者(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析显示,术前相邻节段存在退变因素与BMI是影响患者术后出现ASD的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论术前相邻节段存在退变因素,会显著影响患者术后早期临床疗效及增加术后出现ASD的风险,相邻节段椎管狭窄程度加重是术后早期ASD主要的病理类型。应根据术前相邻节段椎管的整体退变情况评估术前相邻节段的退变状态。展开更多
Background Scheuermann's disease (SD) is a spinal disorder and includes both a classic form and an atypical form.Interestingly,its existence among the general population as well as the disc disease patients is comm...Background Scheuermann's disease (SD) is a spinal disorder and includes both a classic form and an atypical form.Interestingly,its existence among the general population as well as the disc disease patients is common.One of our previous studies showed that about 18% of the hospital staff members meet the SD criteria.On the other hand,another study has demonstrated that 95.2% of the symptomatic thoracolumbar disc herniation (STLDH) patients meet the SD criteria,which suggests that STLDH is very likely a special form of SD.The purpose of this study was to discriminate the factors contributing to the development of STLDH by comparing STLDH patients with the healthy SD-like hospital staff members.Methods This is a retrospective study including 33 STLDH patients who met the SD criteria and 30 SD-like hospital staff members.The STLDH group was chosen from a group of patients who underwent surgery after a diagnosis of STLDH (T10/11-L1/2) at our hospital between June 2007 and June 2010.SD-like hospital staff members were chosen from a database created in 2007,which contained a lumbar MR and low back pain (LBP) questionnaire of 188 hospital staff members.The demographic and radiologic characteristics were compared between groups.Results There was no statistical difference in sex,age,and height between the two groups.The STLDH patients had higher body weight,boby mass index,and thoracolumbar kyphotic angle than SD-like hospital staff members.In addition,STLDH patients had more levels of Schmorl's nodes (3.5±1.7 vs.2.0±1.9,t=3.364,P=0.001) and irregular endplateson (4.0±1.9 vs.2.7±1.9,t=2.667,P=0.010) compared to the SD-like hospital staff members.Conclusions Higher body weight,higher body mass index,larger thoracolumbar kyphosis,and more Schmorl's nodes and irregular endplates on MR may be associated with the development of STLDH in "SD-like people."展开更多
文摘目的:探讨腰椎后路单节段融合术后早期功能康复对患者功能恢复及并发症的影响.方法:回顾性研究2016年10月~2017年12月因腰椎退行性疾病行腰椎后路单节段融合手术(posterior lumbar interbody fusion,PLIF)病例,将患者分为早期康复组和对照组.早期康复组患者术后第1天在腰围保护下离床活动,同时拔除尿管,更改引流为常压引流袋,在康复师指导下行早期功能锻炼;对照组患者术后卧床休息,维持负压引流,拔除引流管后进行自行功能锻炼.主要观察指标包括腰椎Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)及疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS),围手术期并发症、引流量及引流时间,以及住院时间.结果:本研究共纳入113例单节段PLIF病例,其中2017年6月前手术患者均行传统康复措施,纳入对照组,之后手术患者均进行早期康复锻炼并纳入早期康复组.早期康复组52例,女性占61.5%(32例),患者平均年龄52.4±15.9岁(23~78岁).对照组61例,患者平均年龄55.0±11.2岁(21~76岁),女性患者占54.1%(33例).两组患者手术时间(118.79min vs 117.77min,P>0.05)、术中出血量(306.56ml vs 307.73ml,P>0.05)无显著统计学差异.术后两组拔管时间(3.00d vs 3.15d)及总引流量(390.77ml vs 374.75ml)均无明显统计学差异(P>0.05),两组患者术后1个月、3个月、6个月和1年随访ODI和VAS评分无明显统计学差异(P>0.05).早期康复组出现1例再手术,1例术后腹胀便秘,对照组出现2例下肢静脉血栓形成,2例泌尿系感染,4例腹胀便秘,两组围手术期相关并发症发生率(3.8%vs 13.1%,P<0.05)及平均住院时间(8.7±3.2d vs 10.2±2.7d,P<0.01)比较,差异具有统计学意义.结论:腰椎单节段融合术后早期在康复师指导下进行离床活动及主动功能锻炼可降低围手术期卧床相关并发症风险,减少住院时间,但对总引流量、拔管时间、临床疗效及疼痛改善无明显影响.
文摘目的探讨腰椎拟融合节段的相邻节段术前存在的椎管狭窄因素对术后早期临床疗效的影响。方法采用前瞻性对比研究,将2015年7月-2017年12月收治的符合选择标准的183例L4~S1腰椎管狭窄症患者,根据术前椎间盘退变情况及椎管狭窄情况判断的相邻节段退变(adjacent segment degeneration,ASD)状态不同分成两组,A组98例(术前相邻节段无退变),B组85例(术前相邻节段已退变)。两组患者性别、美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、合并滑脱状态及术前腰、腿痛疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、日本骨科协会(JOA)评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)等一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组患者年龄显著小于B组(t=-3.560,P=0.000)。记录并比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、围术期并发症;末次随访时采用腰、腿痛VAS评分、JOA评分、ODI评分评价疗效。比较两组间末次随访时ASD发生情况,采用logistic回归分析影响患者术后出现ASD的独立危险因素。结果两组患者手术时间、术中出血量及住院时间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A、B组围术期并发症发生率分别为13.3%和20.0%,比较差异无统计学意义(χ^2=1.506,P=0.220)。两组患者均获随访,A、B组随访时间分别为(24.9±8.8)个月和(24.8±7.8)个月,差异无统计学意义(t=0.050,P=0.960)。至末次随访时,两组患者均未出现相邻节段病变。两组患者末次随访时椎间盘Pfirrmann分级与术前比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术前及末次随访时两组间Pfirrmann分级差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。至末次随访时A、B组分别有21例(21.4%)和53例(62.4%)出现ASD,比较差异有统计学意义(χ^2=31.652,P=0.000);术后相邻节段椎管狭窄程度加重是术后发生ASD的主要原因。两组患者末次随访时各临床评分均较术前显著改善(P<0.05),末次随访时A组JOA评分显著高于B组(P<0.05)。B组患者中术后出现ASD患者末次随访时的腰痛VAS评分、ODI评分显著高于非ASD患者(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析显示,术前相邻节段存在退变因素与BMI是影响患者术后出现ASD的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论术前相邻节段存在退变因素,会显著影响患者术后早期临床疗效及增加术后出现ASD的风险,相邻节段椎管狭窄程度加重是术后早期ASD主要的病理类型。应根据术前相邻节段椎管的整体退变情况评估术前相邻节段的退变状态。
文摘Background Scheuermann's disease (SD) is a spinal disorder and includes both a classic form and an atypical form.Interestingly,its existence among the general population as well as the disc disease patients is common.One of our previous studies showed that about 18% of the hospital staff members meet the SD criteria.On the other hand,another study has demonstrated that 95.2% of the symptomatic thoracolumbar disc herniation (STLDH) patients meet the SD criteria,which suggests that STLDH is very likely a special form of SD.The purpose of this study was to discriminate the factors contributing to the development of STLDH by comparing STLDH patients with the healthy SD-like hospital staff members.Methods This is a retrospective study including 33 STLDH patients who met the SD criteria and 30 SD-like hospital staff members.The STLDH group was chosen from a group of patients who underwent surgery after a diagnosis of STLDH (T10/11-L1/2) at our hospital between June 2007 and June 2010.SD-like hospital staff members were chosen from a database created in 2007,which contained a lumbar MR and low back pain (LBP) questionnaire of 188 hospital staff members.The demographic and radiologic characteristics were compared between groups.Results There was no statistical difference in sex,age,and height between the two groups.The STLDH patients had higher body weight,boby mass index,and thoracolumbar kyphotic angle than SD-like hospital staff members.In addition,STLDH patients had more levels of Schmorl's nodes (3.5±1.7 vs.2.0±1.9,t=3.364,P=0.001) and irregular endplateson (4.0±1.9 vs.2.7±1.9,t=2.667,P=0.010) compared to the SD-like hospital staff members.Conclusions Higher body weight,higher body mass index,larger thoracolumbar kyphosis,and more Schmorl's nodes and irregular endplates on MR may be associated with the development of STLDH in "SD-like people."