AIM: To determine the value of computed tomographic angiography(CTA) for diagnosis and therapeutic planning in lower gastrointestinal(GI) bleeding.METHODS: Sixty-three consecutive patients with acute lower GI bleeding...AIM: To determine the value of computed tomographic angiography(CTA) for diagnosis and therapeutic planning in lower gastrointestinal(GI) bleeding.METHODS: Sixty-three consecutive patients with acute lower GI bleeding underwent CTA before endovascular or surgical treatment. CTA was used to determine whether the lower GI bleeding was suitable for endovascular treatment, surgical resection, or conservative treatment in each patient. Treatment planning with CTA was compared with actual treatment decisions or endovascular or surgical treatment that had been carried out in each patient based on CTA findings.RESULTS: 64-row CTA detected active extravasation of contrast material in 57 patients and six patients had no demonstrable active bleeding, resulting in an accuracy of 90.5% in the detection of acute GI bleeding(57 of 63). In three of the six patients with no demonstrable active bleeding, active lower GI bleeding recurred within one week after CTA, and angiography revealed acute bleeding. The overall location-based accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value(PPV) and negative predictive value(NPV) for the detection of GI bleeding by 64-row CTA were 98.8%(249 of 252), 95.0%(57 of 60), 100%(192 of 192), 100%(57 of 57), and 98.5%(192 of 195), respectively. Treatment planning was correctly established on the basis of 64-row CTA with an accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 98.4%(248 of 252), 93.3%(56 of 60), 100%(192 of 192), 100%(56 of 56), and 97.5%(192 of 196), respectively, in a location-based evaluation. CONCLUSION: 64-row CTA is safe and effective in making decisions regarding treatment, without performing digital subtraction angiography or surgery, in the majority of patients with lower GI bleeding.展开更多
Background:High-grade glioma(HGG)is a fatal human cancer.Bortezomib,a proteasome inhibitor,has been approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma but its use in glioma awaits further investigation.This study aimed to...Background:High-grade glioma(HGG)is a fatal human cancer.Bortezomib,a proteasome inhibitor,has been approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma but its use in glioma awaits further investigation.This study aimed to explore the chemotherapeutic effect and the underlying mechanism of bortezomib on gliomas.Methods:U251 and U87 cell viability and proliferation were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay,tumor cell spheroid growth,and colony formation assay.Cell apoptosis and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry.Temozolomide(TMZ)-insensitive cell lines were induced by long-term TMZ treatment,and cells with stem cell characteristics were enriched with stem cell culture medium.The mRNA levels of interested genes were measured via reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction,and protein levels were determined via Western blotting/immunofluorescent staining in cell lines and immunohistochemical staining in paraffin-embedded sections.Via inoculating U87 cells subcutaneously,glioma xenograft models in nude mice were established for drug experiments.Patient survival data were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method.Results:Bortezomib inhibited the viability and proliferation of U251 and U87 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.Bortezomib also significantly inhibited the spheroid growth,colony formation,and stem-like cell proliferation of U251 and U87 cells.When administrated in combination,bortezomib showed synergistic effect with TMZ in vitro and sensitized glioma to TMZ treatment both in vitro and in vivo.Bortezomib reduced both the mRNA and protein levels of Forkhead Box M1(FOXM1)and its target gene Survivin.The FOXM1-Survivin axis was markedly up-regulated in established TMZ-insensitive glioma cell lines and HGG patients.Expression levels of FOXM1 and Survivin were positively correlated with each other and both related to poor progno-sis in glioma patients.Conclusions:Bortezomib was found to inhibit glioma growth and improved TMZ chemotherapy efficacy,probably via down-regulating the FOXM1-Survivin axis.Bortezomib might be a promising agent for treating malignant glioma,alone or in combination with TMZ.展开更多
Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation(EMT) is a coordinated process in which polarized epithelial cells are induced to lose adhesion from the basement membrane and obtain the properties of mesenchymal cells, including...Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation(EMT) is a coordinated process in which polarized epithelial cells are induced to lose adhesion from the basement membrane and obtain the properties of mesenchymal cells, including invasion and metastasis. It has been proved that EMT greatly contributes to the invasion and therapeutic resistance of various solid human cancers. However, the role of EMT in brain glioma has not yet been fully clarified. So in this review, we mainly elaborate the latest progression about the related regulatory transcription factors, key signaling pathways and microRNAs (miRNAs) of EMT in gliomas.展开更多
文摘AIM: To determine the value of computed tomographic angiography(CTA) for diagnosis and therapeutic planning in lower gastrointestinal(GI) bleeding.METHODS: Sixty-three consecutive patients with acute lower GI bleeding underwent CTA before endovascular or surgical treatment. CTA was used to determine whether the lower GI bleeding was suitable for endovascular treatment, surgical resection, or conservative treatment in each patient. Treatment planning with CTA was compared with actual treatment decisions or endovascular or surgical treatment that had been carried out in each patient based on CTA findings.RESULTS: 64-row CTA detected active extravasation of contrast material in 57 patients and six patients had no demonstrable active bleeding, resulting in an accuracy of 90.5% in the detection of acute GI bleeding(57 of 63). In three of the six patients with no demonstrable active bleeding, active lower GI bleeding recurred within one week after CTA, and angiography revealed acute bleeding. The overall location-based accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value(PPV) and negative predictive value(NPV) for the detection of GI bleeding by 64-row CTA were 98.8%(249 of 252), 95.0%(57 of 60), 100%(192 of 192), 100%(57 of 57), and 98.5%(192 of 195), respectively. Treatment planning was correctly established on the basis of 64-row CTA with an accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 98.4%(248 of 252), 93.3%(56 of 60), 100%(192 of 192), 100%(56 of 56), and 97.5%(192 of 196), respectively, in a location-based evaluation. CONCLUSION: 64-row CTA is safe and effective in making decisions regarding treatment, without performing digital subtraction angiography or surgery, in the majority of patients with lower GI bleeding.
基金This work was primarily supported by Grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC-81972360)
文摘Background:High-grade glioma(HGG)is a fatal human cancer.Bortezomib,a proteasome inhibitor,has been approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma but its use in glioma awaits further investigation.This study aimed to explore the chemotherapeutic effect and the underlying mechanism of bortezomib on gliomas.Methods:U251 and U87 cell viability and proliferation were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay,tumor cell spheroid growth,and colony formation assay.Cell apoptosis and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry.Temozolomide(TMZ)-insensitive cell lines were induced by long-term TMZ treatment,and cells with stem cell characteristics were enriched with stem cell culture medium.The mRNA levels of interested genes were measured via reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction,and protein levels were determined via Western blotting/immunofluorescent staining in cell lines and immunohistochemical staining in paraffin-embedded sections.Via inoculating U87 cells subcutaneously,glioma xenograft models in nude mice were established for drug experiments.Patient survival data were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method.Results:Bortezomib inhibited the viability and proliferation of U251 and U87 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.Bortezomib also significantly inhibited the spheroid growth,colony formation,and stem-like cell proliferation of U251 and U87 cells.When administrated in combination,bortezomib showed synergistic effect with TMZ in vitro and sensitized glioma to TMZ treatment both in vitro and in vivo.Bortezomib reduced both the mRNA and protein levels of Forkhead Box M1(FOXM1)and its target gene Survivin.The FOXM1-Survivin axis was markedly up-regulated in established TMZ-insensitive glioma cell lines and HGG patients.Expression levels of FOXM1 and Survivin were positively correlated with each other and both related to poor progno-sis in glioma patients.Conclusions:Bortezomib was found to inhibit glioma growth and improved TMZ chemotherapy efficacy,probably via down-regulating the FOXM1-Survivin axis.Bortezomib might be a promising agent for treating malignant glioma,alone or in combination with TMZ.
基金The cost of this review, including manuscript writing and figures processing, was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation(EMT) is a coordinated process in which polarized epithelial cells are induced to lose adhesion from the basement membrane and obtain the properties of mesenchymal cells, including invasion and metastasis. It has been proved that EMT greatly contributes to the invasion and therapeutic resistance of various solid human cancers. However, the role of EMT in brain glioma has not yet been fully clarified. So in this review, we mainly elaborate the latest progression about the related regulatory transcription factors, key signaling pathways and microRNAs (miRNAs) of EMT in gliomas.
