Effective dynamics for a spin-1/2 particle constrained to a curved layer with inhomogeneous thickness

We derive an effective Hamiltonian for a spin-1/2 particle confined within a curved thin layer with non-uniform thickness using the confining potential approach.Our analysis reveals the presence of a pseudo-magnetic field and effective spin–orbit interaction(SOI)arising from the curvature,as well as an effective scalar potential resulting from variations in thickness.Importantly,we demonstrate that the physical effect of additional SOI from thickness fluctuations vanishes in low-dimensional systems,thus guaranteeing the robustness of spin interference measurements to thickness imperfection.Furthermore,we establish the applicability of the effective Hamiltonian in both symmetric and asymmetric confinement scenarios,which is crucial for its utilization in one-side etching systems.

QTL Detection for Rice Grain Shape Using Chromosome Single Segment Substitution Lines

Rice grain shape is one of the important factors affecting grain quality and yield,but it is liable to be influenced by genetic backgrounds and environments.The chromosome single segment substitution lines(SSSLs) in rice have been considered as ideal populations to identify the quantitative trait loci(QTLs).In this study,22 QTLs affecting rice grain shape were detected to be distributed on eight chromosomes except chromosomes 6,9,11 and 12 by using SSSLs.Among them,seven QTLs conditioned grain length,six conditioned grain width,five affected grain length-width ratio and four controlled grain thickness.

Molecular Cytogenetic Analysis of Spontaneous Interspecific Hybrid Between Oryza sativa and Oryza minuta

Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) is a powerful tool to characterize parental chromosomes in interspecific hybrids, including the behaviour of autosynapsis and chromosome pairing. It was used to distinguish the chromosomes of Oryza sativa from wild species in a spontaneous interspecific hybrid and to investigate the chromosome pairing at metaphase I in meiosis of the hybrid in this study. The hybrid was a triploid with 36 chromosomes according to the chromosome number investigated in mitosis of root tips. During metaphase I of meiosis in the hybrid, less chromosome pairing was observed and most of the chromosomes existed as univalent. Based on GISH and FISH (Fluorescent in situ hybridization) analyses, the chromosomes of the hybrid were composed of genomes A, B and C. Thus, it was believed that the hybrid was the result of natural hybridization between cultivated rice and wild species O. minuta which was planted in experimental fields.

Analysis of Prognostic Factors in 108 Patients with Non-Hodgkin＇s Lymphoma

OBJECTIVE To analyze the prognostic factors in patients with non-Hodgkin＇s lymphoma （NHL） and to investigate the prognostic value of the absolute lymphocyte count （ALC） in peripheral blood in NHL patients at admission. METHODS The clinical features and follow-up data from 108 NHL patients whose diagnosis was confirmed through pathologic examination during a period from January 2000 to January 2008 were reviewed. SPSS 14.0 package was used for statistical analysis, and the Kaplan-Meier curve method for assessment of survival probability. Furthermore, the Cox regression model was utilized for multivariate analysis for all parameters which were statistically significant and confirmed by univariate analysis. RESULTS In the 108 NHL patients, the male-female ratio was approximately 1.5 ： 1 and the median age was 48 years. Before treatment, 61.1% of the patients had stage I and II disease, based on the Ann Arbor Clinical Classification. The ECOG performance status （PS） score reached a range from 0 to 1 in about 93% of total patients, and an elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） was seen in 19.2%. Based on the international prognostic index （IPI） score, 80.6% of patients were in the low risk group. On admission, 35.2% of patients had an ALC 〈 1 × 10^9/L. Anemia, i.e. hemoglobin （Hb） 〈 110 g/L was seen in 29.6% and B-symptoms in 26.9% of patients. The mean value of Hb was 129.2 ＋ 17.5 g/L in patients with ALC 〉 1 x 109/L （n = 70） and 98.1 ＋ 20.6 g/L in those with ALC 〈 1 × 10^9/L （n = 38）, and the difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）. With a median follow-up period of 2 years, the median survival time was 2.3 years among all patients. The 2-year and 5-year overall survival （OS） rates were 73.2% and 39.6%, respectively. It was shown by univariate analysis that ALC 〈 1 × 10^9/L, Hb ≤ 110 g/L, B-symptoms, and the IPI 〉 2 were statistically significant unfavorable prognostic factors in NHL patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that ALC 〈 1 × 10^9/L, B-symptoms, and the IPI 〉 2 were independent unfavorable prognostic factors in NHL patients. CONCLUSION The numerical value of ALC and the presence＂ of B-symptoms are prognostic factors independent of IPI in NHL patients. Clinically, determining prognosis based on the IPI combined with simple clinical parameters, such as the numerical value of ALC and B-symptom status, might be of more practical value in determining individualized treatment regimens for NHL patients.

Development and high-throughput genotyping of substitution lines carting the chromosome segments of indica 9311 in the background of japonica Nipponbare

Chromosome segment substitution lines（CSSLs） are useful for the precise mapping of quantitative trait loci（QTLs） and dissection of the genetic basis of complex traits.In this study,two whole-genome sequenced rice cultivars,the japonica Nipponbare and indica 9311 were used as recipient and donor,respectively.A population with 57 CSSLs was developed after crossing and back-crossing assisted by molecular markers, and genotypes were identified using a high-throughput resequencing strategy.Detailed graphical genotypes of 38 lines were constructed based on resequencing data.These CSSLs had a total of 95 substituted segments derived from indica 9311,with an average of about 2.5 segments per CSSL and eight segments per chromosome,and covered about 87.4%of the rice whole genome.A multiple linear regression QTL analysis mapped four QTLs for 1000-grain weight.The largest-effect QTL was located in a region on chromosome 5 that contained a cloned major QTL GW5/qSW5 for grain size in rice.These CSSLs with a background of Nipponbare may provide powerful tools for future whole-genome