Expression and antioxidation of Nrf2/ARE pathway in traumatic brain injury

Objective:To explore the expression of Nrf2/ARE pathway in hindbrain tissue after the traumatic brain injury（TBI） and its anli-oxidative stress effect in the secondary nerve injury.Methods: The mice with Nrf2 gene knockout were used for the establishment of brain injury model.The experimental animals were divided into four groups:(Nrf2+/+) sham-operation group,(Nrf2+/+) brain injury group,（Nrf2T） sham-operation group and(Nrf2-/-) brain injury group.The specimen 24 h after cerebral trauma was selected.Then RT-PCR method was adopted to detect the expression of Nrf2 mRNA in brain;Western blotting method was adopted to detect the levels of Nrf2,HO-1 and NQO1 proteins in brain;EUSA method was adopted to detect the oxidative stress indicators: protein carbonyls,4-hydroxy-2-nonenal（4-HNE） and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine（8-OHdG）. ResuHs:The Nrf2 mRNA and protein of Nrf2-/- mice were not expressed,and the diflerence of the relative amount of Nrf2 mRNA between Nrf2+/+ TBI group and Nrf2+/+ sham-operation group was not statistically significant（P】0.05）;the level of Nrf2 protein in Nrf2+/+ TBI group increased significantly compared with the Nrf2+/+ sham-operation group（P【0.01）;in the sham-operation groups,the levels of HO-1 and NQO1 proteins of Nrf2-/- mice decreased obviously compared with the Nrf2+/+ mice（P【0.01）;after brain injury,the levels of HO-1 and NQO1 proteins of Nrf2+/+ mice increased obviously compared with the corresponding sham-operation group（P【0.01）;the levels of HO-1 and NQOl proteins of Nrf2-/- mice in TBI group had no obvious change compared with the corresponding sham-operation group（P】0.05）;there was only a little amount of expression of protein carbonyls,4-HNE and 8-OHdG proteins in brain tissues in the Nrf2-/+ and Nrf2-/- shamoperation groups,and the difference was not statistically significant（P】0.05）;after brain injury, the three oxidative stress indicators were significantly up-regulated in the Nrf2+/+ and Nrf2-/- groups,and the up-regulation of the latter group was more significant（P【0.01）.Conclusions: After TBI the Nrf2/ARE pathway is activated and the activity of Nrf2 transcription regulation increases.However,the regulation dose not occur in the gene transcription level and only could increase the Nrf2 protein level,while the mRNA expression level has no obvious change.The nerve cell protective effect of Nrf2/ARE pathway in TBI achieves through inhibiting the oxidative stress injuries.

血清G-17、PGⅠ、PGⅡ、Hp-IgG检测对胃癌与癌前病变的筛查价值及与肿瘤浸润深度关系

背景胃癌筛查是早期诊断胃癌的一种有效手段,国内外研究发现胃癌与癌前病变患者血清胃泌素-17(gastrin 17,G-17)、胃蛋白酶原(pepsinogen,PG)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)-免疫球蛋白G(immunoglobulin G,IgG)(Hp-IgG)抗体水平存在明显差异,推测其能应用于胃癌的诊断及病情评估.目的探究G-17、PGⅠ、PGⅡ、Hp-IgG水平对胃癌与癌前病变的筛查价值及与肿瘤浸润深度的关系.方法选取2019-08/2021-03我院90例胃癌患者作为研究组,另选同期90例胃癌前病变患者作为对照A组、90例健康体检者作为对照B组.比较3组一般资料、血清G-17、PGⅠ、PGⅡ水平、Hp-IgG阳性率,并比较Hp-IgG阳性与阴性患者血清G-17、PGⅠ、PGⅡ水平,分析血清G-17、PGⅠ、PGⅡ水平与Hp-IgG阳性的关系,分析各指标诊断胃癌的价值及与胃癌肿瘤浸润深度的关系.结果研究组血清G-17、PGⅡ水平、Hp-IgG阳性率均>对照A组>对照B组,血清PGⅠ水平<对照A组<对照B组(P<0.05);研究组Hp-IgG阳性患者血清G-17、PGⅡ水平均高于阴性患者,血清PGⅠ水平低于阴性患者(P<0.05);血清G-17、PGⅡ水平与Hp-IgG阳性呈正相关,血清PGⅠ与Hp-IgG阳性呈负相关(P<0.05);血清G-17、PGⅠ、PGⅡ、Hp-IgG阳性诊断胃癌的曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)分别为0.828、0.845、0.821、0.650,各指标联合诊断的AUC最大,为0.887,最佳诊断敏感度、特异度分别为80.03%、84.46%;血清G-17、PGⅡ水平、Hp-IgG阳性率均随胃癌肿瘤浸润深度增加逐渐升高,血清PGⅠ水平随胃癌肿瘤浸润深度增加逐渐降低(P<0.05);胃癌肿瘤浸润深度与血清G-17、PGⅡ、Hp-IgG阳性呈正相关,与血清PGⅠ呈负相关(P<0.05).结论血清G-17、PGⅠ、PGⅡ水平、Hp-IgG检测在胃癌与癌前病变筛查方面具有一定诊断价值,且与胃癌肿瘤浸润深度密切相关.

A Three-Dimensional Velocity-Map Imaging Setup Designed for Crossed Ion-Molecule Scattering Studies

In this study,we report the design and simulation of an electrostatic ion lens system consisting of 22 round metal plates.The opening of the extractor plate is covered withmetal mesh,which is for shielding the interaction region of the lens system from the high DC voltages applied to all other plates than the repeller and extractor plates.The Simion simulation shows that both velocity-mapping and time focusing can be achieved simultaneously when appropriate voltages are applied to each of the plates.This makes the ion lens system be able to focus large ionic volumes in all three dimensions,which is an essential requirement for crossed ion-molecule scattering studies.A three-dimensional ion velocity measurement system with multi-hit and potential multi-mass capability is built,which consists of a microchannel plate(MCP),a P47 phosphor screen,a CMOS camera,a fast photomultiplier tube(PMT),and a high-speed digitizer.The two velocity components perpendicular to the flight axis are measured by the CMOS camera,and the time-of-flight,from which the velocity component along the flight axis can be deduced,is measured by the PMT.A Labview program is written to combine the two measurements for building the full three-dimensional ion velocity in real time on a frame-by-frame basis.The multi-hit capability comes from the fact that multiple ions from the camera and PMT in the same frame can be correlated with each other based on their various intensities.We demonstrate this by using the photodissociation of CH31 at 304 nm.

Efficient micrometer-scale thick-film perovskite solar cells with superior stability

It is essential to enhance the thickness of the absorber layer for perovskite solar cells(PSCs)to improve device performance and reduce industry refinement.However,thick perovskite films(>1μm)are difficult to be fabricated by employing traditional solvents,such as N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF),dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO).Besides,it is a challenge to fabricate thick-film perovskite owing to the deteriorated surface morphology and serious defect density.Herein,a simple method was reported to deposit uniform pinhole-free perovskite films with a thickness of more than 2μm utilizing the methylamine acetate(MAAc)ionic liquid as the solvent.Combined with methylammonium chloride(MACl)as an additive,thick-film perovskite with~2μm in grain size and few grain boundaries(GBs)was prepared,which dramatically improved the perovskite crystal quality and enhanced carrier transport performance.The final PSCs exhibited a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 20.16%.The device showed improved stability with 95%of its initial efficiency in a nitrogen environment over 5000 h.This work provides an alternative strategy to produce extremely efficient and stable thick-film PSCs.It can be believed that this device has great potential in the application of large areas and laminated PSCs.

Multigene phylogeny of the family Cordycipitaceae (Hypocreales): new taxa and the new systematic position of the Chinese cordycipitoid fungus Paecilomyces hepiali

The phylogeny and systematics of cordycipitoid fungi have been extensively studied in the last two decades.However,systematic positions of some taxa in the family Cordycipitaceae have not yet been thoroughly resolved.In this study,a new phylogenetic framework of Cordycipitaceae is reconstructed using multigene(nrSSU,nrLSU,tef-1α,rpb1 and rpb2)sequence data with large-scale taxon sampling.In addition,ITS sequence data of species belonging to the Lecanicillium lineage in the family Cordycipitaceae are used to further determine their phylogenetic placements.Based on molecular phylogenetic data together with morphological evidence,two new genera(Flavocillium and Liangia),16 new species and four new combina-tions are introduced.In the new genus Flavocillium,one new species F.bifurcatum and three new combinations previously described as Lecanicillium,namely F.acerosium,F.primulinium and F.subprimulinium,are proposed.The genus Liangia is built by the new species Lia.sinensis with Lecanicillium-like asexual morph,isolated from an entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria yunnanensis.Due to the absence of Paecilomyces hepiali,an economically and medically significant fungus,in the earlier phylogenetic analyses,its systematic position has been puzzling in both business and academic communities for a long time.Here,P.hepiali is recharacterized using the holotype material along with seven additional samples.It is assigned to the genus Samsoniella(Cordycipitaceae,Hypocreales)possessing Cordyceps-like sexual morph and Isaria-like asexual morph,and thus a new combination,namely S.hepiali is proposed.An additional nine new species in Samsoniella are described:S.alpina,S.antleroides,S.cardinalis,S.cristata,S.lanmaoa,S.kunmingensis,S.ramosa,S.tortricidae and S.yunnanensis.Four new species in Cordyceps are described:C.chaetoclavata,C.cocoonihabita,C.shuifuensis and C.sub-tenuipes.Simplicillium yunnanense,isolated from synnemata of Akanthomyces waltergamsii,is described as a new species.

Prostatic Arterial Embolization with Small Sized Particles for the Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Due to Large Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia： Preliminary Results

Background：The clinical failure after prostatic artery embolization （PAE） with conventional particles was relatively high,in treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms （LUTS） due to benign prostatic hyperplasia （BPH）.We reported the results of PAE with combined polyvinyl alcohol particles 50 μm and 100 μm in size as a primary treatment in 24 patients with severe LUTS secondary to large BPH.Methods：From July 2012 to June 2014,we performed PAE in 24 patients （65-85 years,mean 74.5 years） with severe LUTS due to large BPH （≥80 cm^3） and refractory to medical therapy.Embolization was performed using combination of 50 μm and 100 μm in particles size.Clinical follow-up was performed using the International Prostate Symptom Score （IPSS）,quality of life （QoL）,peak urinary floW （Qmax）,postvoid residual （PVR） volume,the International Index of Erectile Function （IIEF）,prostatic specific antigen （PSA）,and prostatic volume measured by magnetic resonance imaging at 1,3,6,and every 6-month thereafter.Technical success was defined when PAE was completed in at least one pelvic side.Clinical success was defined as the improvement of both symptoms and QoL.A Student＇s t-test for paired samples was used.Results：PAE was technically successful in 22 patients （92%）.Bilateral PAE was performed in 19 （86%） patients and unilateral in 3 （14%） patients.Follow-up data were available for 22 patients observed for mean of 14 months.The clinical improvement at 1,3,6,and 12-month was 91%,91%,88%,and 83%,respectively.At 6-month follow-up,the mean IPSS,QoL,PVR,and Qmax were from 27 to 8 （P =0.001）,from 4.5 to 2.0 （P =0.002）,from 140.0 ml to 55.0 ml （P =0.002）,and from 6.0 ml/s to 13.0 ml/s （P =0.001）,respectively.The mean prostate volume decreased from 110 cm3 to 67.0 cm3 （mean reduction of 39.1%;P =0.00 1）.The PSA and IIEF improvements after PAE did not differ from pre-PAE significantly.No major adverse events were noted.Conclusions：The combination of 50μm and 100 μm particles for PAE is a safe and effective treatment method for patients with severe LUTS due to large BPH,which further improves the clinical results of PAE.

Mesoscopic Simulation Assistant Design of Immiscible Polyimide/BN Blend Films with Enhanced Thermal Conductivity

The mesoscopic simulation technique was applied to describe the phase separation behavior ofpolyimide blends and used for design of immiscible polyimide/BN blend films with enhanced thermal conductivity. The simulation equilibrium morphologies of different poly（amic acid） （PAA） blend systems were investigated and compared with optical images of corresponding polyimide blend films obtained by experiment. The immiscible polyimide blend fihns containing nano-/micro-sized BN with vertical double percolation structure were prepared. The result indicated that the thermal conductivity of polyimide blend film with 25 wt% nano-sized BN reached 1,16 W/（m·K）, which was 236% increment compared with that of the homogenous film containing the same BN ratio. The significant enhancement in thermal conductivity was attributed to the good phase separation of polyimide matrix, which made the inorganic fillers selectively localized in one continuous phase with high packing density, consequently, forming the effective thermal conductive pathway.

Silicone/graphene oxide co-cross-linked aerogels with wide-temperature mechanical flexibility,super-hydrophobicity and flame resistance for exceptional thermal insulation and oil/water separation

Development of multifunctional and high-performance silicone aerogel is highly required for various promising applications.However,unstable cross-linking structure and poor thermal stability of silicone network as well as complicated processing restrict the practical use significantly.Herein,we report a facile and versatile ambient drying strategy to fabricate lightweight,wide-temperature flexible,super-hydrophobic and flame retardant silicone composite aerogels modified with low-content functionalized graphene oxide(FGO).After optimizing silane molecules,incorporation ofγ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane functionalization is found to promote the dispersion stability of GO during the hydrolysis-polymerization process and thus produce the formation of unique strip-like co-cross-linked network.Consequently,the aerogels containing∼2.0 wt%FGO not only possess good cyclic compressive stability under strain of 70%for 100 cycles and outstanding mechanical reliability in wide temperature range(from liquid nitrogen to 350℃),but also display excellent flame resistance and super-hydrophobicity.Further,the optimized silicone/FGO aerogels display exceptional thermal insulating performance superior to pure aerogel and hydrocarbon polymer foams,and they also show efficient oil absorption and separation capacity for var-ious solvents and oil from water.Clearly,this work provides a new route for the rational design and development of advanced silicone composite aerogels for multifunctional applications.

Laves Phase Formation and Its Effect on Mechanical Properties in P91 Steel

Effect of Laves phase formation on mechanical properties in a pressurized T-junction of P91 steel pipe at849 K for 58,000 h with 25.65 MPa vapor pressure was studied. Thermodynamic calculations had been performed by using the software Thermo-Calc to study the phase at equilibrium state. Counter plot of von Mises stress in the pipe during service life was calculated by finite element analysis to study the effect of the operated stress distribution on the evolution of Laves phase. The change in the microstructure and mechanical properties in the sites with different stress was also studied. The results indicated that the formation of Laves phase in P91 steel was a thermodynamically possible process due to enrichment of Mo and depletion of C adjacent to M23C6 particles or along martensite lath and packet boundaries. The formation of Laves phase had a detrimental influence on the mechanical properties in P91 steel. The mean size of Laves phase would be significantly increased with increasing operated stress, leading to a reduction in tensile properties and impact energy. In particular, crack initiation energy and crack growth energy during impact test rapidly decreased with increasing the mean size and volume fraction of Laves phase.

Temperature-induced resistance transition behaviors of melamine sponge composites wrapped with different graphene oxide derivatives

Temperature-re s ponsive resistance transition behaviors of the melamine sponges wrapped with different graphene oxide derivatives(i.e.nanoribbon,wide-ribbon and sheet)were investigated.Melamine sponge composites coated by three types of GO derivatives were prepared by a simple dip-coating approach.All these composites show good mechanical flexibility and reliability(almost unchanged compressive stress at 70%strain after 100 cycles),high hydrophobicity(water contact angle>120°),excellent flame resistance(self-extinguishing)and structural stability even after burning,which was used to construct the resistance-based fire alarm/warning sensor.Notably,the different resistance response behaviors of such sensors are strongly dependent on the GO size and network formed on the MF skeleton surface.Typically,at a fixed high temperature of~350℃,the three fire alarm sensors show different response time(to trigger the alarm light)of 6.3,8.4 and 11.1 s for nanoribbon,wide-ribbon and sheet at the same concentration,respectively.The structural observation and chemical analysis demonstrated that the discrepancy of temperature-responsive resistance transition behaviors of various GO derivatives was strongly determined by their different thermal reduction degrees during the high-tempe rature or flame treating process.This work offers a design and development for construction of smart fire alarm device for potential fire prevention and safety applications.