Fine needle aspirating and cutting is superior to Tru-cut core needle in liver biopsy

BACKGROUND:Liver biopsy is the "gold standard" for evaluating liver disorders,but controversies over the potential risk of complications and patient discomfort still exist.Using a 21G fine needle,we developed a new biopsy procedure,fine needle aspirating and cutting(FNAC).Our procedure obtains enough tissue for pathological examination and meanwhile,reduces the risk of biopsy complications.The present study was to determine the safety and efficiency of 21G FNAC compared with 18G Tru-cut core needle(TCN) in liver tumor biopsies.METHODS:Ninety-four patients with unresectable malignant tumors were included in this study.Patients were divided into 2 groups:18G TCN and 21G FNAC.The total positive rate(TPR) and safety of both groups were compared.RESULTS:TPR was not different between the two groups.Liver puncture track subcapsular hemorrhage and arteriovenous shunt were reported with 18G TCN but not with 21G FNAC.The incidence of pain caused by biopsy was higher for the 18G TCN group compared to the 21G FNAC group(P【0.05).About 82.6% of the patients in the 18G TCN group had a sample length 】0.5 cm,but 52.1% in the 21G FNAC group(P【0.05).More than 50% of patients in both groups had sufficient tissue for immunohistochemical examination.CONCLUSIONS:TPR is not different between the 21G FNAC and 18G TCN biopsy procedures,but the safety of 21G FNAC is superior to that of 18G TCN.Tissues obtained by either of these two procedures are sufficient for a pathological diagnosis.

sPLA2-IB Level Correlates with Hyperlipidemia and the Prognosis of Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy

Summary:Recent studies suggested that serum secretory phospholipase A2 group IB(sPLA2-IB)was increased in idiopathic membranous nephropathy(IMN).However,the interference of high lipemia on the sPL.A2-IB levels was not taken into account in these studies.The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between sPLA2-IB and lipemia,and the clinical merit of sPLA2-IB in the prediction of prognosis of IMN patients.A total of 64 IMN patients,39 immunoglobulin A nephropathy(IgAN)patients and 64 healthy controls were included in the study.The levels of serum sPLA2-IB,lipemia and proteinuria were measured.Fifty IMN patients were followed up for 6 months.Pathologic stages were made for all IgAN and IMN patients.The results showed that the levels of serum sPLA2-IB,cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)were significantly higher,and the levels of albumin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)were significantly lower in IMN patients than in healthy controls and IgAN patients.Serum sPLA2-IB levels were also found to be higher in IgAN patients than in heathy controls,but the association of serum sPLA2-IB levels with proteinuria,cholesterol and albumin was only shown in IMN patients.Antibody against M-type receptor for secretory phospholipase A2(PLA2R1)was positive in 813%IMN patients.Glomerular sPLA2-IB deposition,podocyte fused processes,and density deposition on thickened basement membrane were seen in IMN patients,but not in IgAN patients.IMN patients with lower sPLA2-IB and proteinuria levels were found to have better outcome after the 6-month follow-up.In IMN patients,sPLA2-IB levels were significantly increased in both serum and renal tissue.In conclusion,serum sPLA2-IB was closely correlated with proteinuria,albumin and cholesterol,and IMN patients with lower sPLA2-IB levels were more likely to achieve a better outcome.

Preliminary numerical simulation of mirror seeing for the Chinese Future Giant Telescope

Mirror seeing will be one of the key factors influencing image quality of an extremely large ground-based optical telescope （ELT）. Computational fluid dynamics （CFD） can be used to estimate the mirror seeing and the effects of ventilation. In this paper, we present a simplified approach to simulation of mirror seeing for the Chinese Future Giant Telescope （CFGT, 30 m in diameter） with the CFD software ANSYS Icepak. We get the FWHM of the image and the distribution of refractive index structure function （CN2） above the mirror. We demonstrate that thermal control and ventilation are effective ways to improve the image quality. Our simulation results agree with those of other authors for the ELT. To reduce the mirror seeing to a level of 0.5＂, the suggested temperature excess of the primary mirror above the ambient air for thermal control of the CFGT is 0 - 2 K according to the present results of weakly forced convection. The limitations of the method are also discussed.

The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST)

The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST, also called the Guo Shou Jing Telescope) is a special reflecting Schmidt telescope. LAMOST’s special design allows both a large aperture (effective aperture of 3.6 m–4.9 m) and a wide field of view (FOV) (5°). It has an innovative active reflecting Schmidt configuration which continuously changes the mirror’s surface that adjusts during the observation process and combines thin deformable mirror active optics with segmented active optics. Its primary mirror (6.67m×6.05 m) and active Schmidt mirror (5.74m×4.40 m) are both segmented, and composed of 37 and 24 hexagonal sub-mirrors respectively. By using a parallel controllable fiber positioning technique, the focal surface of 1.75 m in diameter can accommodate 4000 optical fibers. Also, LAMOST has 16 spectrographs with 32 CCD cameras. LAMOST will be the telescope with the highest rate of spectral acquisition. As a national large scientific project, the LAMOST project was formally proposed in 1996, and approved by the Chinese government in 1997. The construction started in 2001, was completed in 2008 and passed the official acceptance in June 2009. The LAMOST pilot survey was started in October 2011 and the spectroscopic survey will launch in September 2012. Up to now, LAMOST has released more than 480 000 spectra of objects. LAMOST will make an important contribution to the study of the large-scale structure of the Universe, structure and evolution of the Galaxy, and cross-identification of multiwaveband properties in celestial objects.

The first data release(DR1) of the LAMOST regular survey

The Large sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope（LAMOST） general survey is a spectroscopic survey that will eventually cover approximately half of the celestial sphere and collect 10 million spectra of stars, galaxies and QSOs. Objects in both the pilot survey and the first year regular survey are included in the LAMOST DR1. The pilot survey started in October 2011 and ended in June 2012, and the data have been released to the public as the LAMOST Pilot Data Release in August 2012. The regular survey started in September 2012, and completed its first year of operation in June 2013. The LAMOST DR1 includes a total of 1202 plates containing 2 955 336 spectra, of which 1 790 879 spectra have observed signalto-noise ratio（SNR） ≥ 10. All data with SNR ≥ 2 are formally released as LAMOST DR1 under the LAMOST data policy. This data release contains a total of 2 204 696 spectra, of which 1 944 329 are stellar spectra, 12 082 are galaxy spectra and 5017 are quasars. The DR1 not only includes spectra, but also three stellar catalogs with measured parameters： late A,FGK-type stars with high quality spectra（1 061 918 entries）, A-type stars（100 073 entries）, and M-type stars（121 522 entries）. This paper introduces the survey design, the observational and instrumental limitations, data reduction and analysis, and some caveats. A description of the FITS structure of spectral files and parameter catalogs is also provided.

Data release of the LAMOST pilot survey

This paper describes the data release of the LAMOST pilot survey, which includes data reduction, calibration, spectral analysis, data products and data access. The accuracy of the released data and the information about the FITS headers of spectra are also introduced. The released data set includes 319 000 spectra and a catalog of these objects.

Estimating the mirror seeing for a large optical telescope with a numerical method

It is widely accepted that mirror seeing is caused by turbulent fluctuations in the index of air refraction in the vicinity of a telescope mirror. Computational Fluid Dynamics（CFD） is a useful tool to evaluate the effects of mirror seeing. In this paper, we present a numerical method to estimate the mirror seeing for a large optical telescope（～ 4 m） in cases of natural convection with the ANSYS ICEPAK software. We get the FWHM of the image for different inclination angles（i） of the mirror and different temperature differences（△T） between the mirror and ambient air. Our results show that the mirror seeing depends very weakly on i, which agrees with observational data from the Canada-FranceHawaii Telescope. The numerical model can be used to estimate mirror seeing in the case of natural convection although with some limitations. We can determine △T for thermal control of the primary mirror according to the simulation, empirical data and site seeing.

An active reflector antenna using a laser angle metrology system

An active reflector is one of the key technologies for constructing large telescopes, especially for millimeter/sub-millimeter radio telescopes. This article in- troduces a new efficient laser angle metrology system for an active reflector antenna on large radio telescopes. Our experiments concentrate on developing an active reflec- tor for improving the detection precisions and the maintenance of the surface shape in real time on the 65-meter prototype radio telescope constructed by Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics and Technology （NIAOT; http：//65rn.shao.cas.cn/）. The test results indicate that the accuracy of the surface shape segmentation and maintenance has the dimensions of microns, and the time-response can be on the order of minutes. Our efforts proved to be workable for sub-millimeter radio telescopes.

A THEORETICAL DISCUSSION ON TYPES AND MEASUREMENT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Classifying the types and measurin g sustainable development are important contents of theoretical studie s on sustainable development.Scient ifically reflecting the characteristics of sustainable development an d favorably classify-ing the types of sustainable develop ment are the basis and objective of me asuring sustainable development.B y using the methods of coordinatively analyzin g man-land relationship and economi c analysis,especially by combining with constant elasticity of substitution(CES)production function,this paper advances average sustainable gross dom estic production(ASGDP),inquires into the mutually coordin ative and interdependent relationship between humane capital and natur al capital in the process of sustainabl e development.It also sets up an index system of measuring sustainable development and a type systemof sustainable deve lopment.then according to this index system,if firstly classifies the s ustainable develop-ment,moderate sustainable develop ment,and strong sustainable develo pment,and it also discuss them theoretical signifi-cance.Secondly,it probes into the minimum cost,structure optimizatio n and sustainable development.At la st,it dis-cuss the type classification of sustainable development on development sequence,and points out theoretically the amount of transitions among 8basic regional sustainable development types is 56.in the process of productive expan sion this transi-tion type embodies the input increase of humane capital is greatly larger than that of natural capital.On the c ontrary,econo-mized humane capital transition is a result of progressively decreasing marginal rate of technical substitu tion of humane capital to natural capital.

Thermodynamics and weak cosmic censorship conjecture of charged AdS black hole in the Rastall gravity with pressure

Treating the cosmological constant as a dynamical variable,we investigate the thermodynamics and weak cosmic censorship conjecture(WCCC)of a charged AdS black hole(BH)in the Rastall gravity.We determine the energy momentum relation of charged fermion at the horizon of the BH using the Dirac equation.Based on this relation,it is shown that the first law of thermodynamics still holds as a fermion is absorbed by the BH.However,the entropy of both the extremal and near-extremal BH decreases in the irreversible process,which means that the second law of thermodynamics is violated.Furthermore,we verify the validity of the WCCC by the minimum values of the metric function h(r)at its final state.For the extremal charged AdS BH in the Rastall gravity,we find that the WCCC is always valid since the BH is extreme.While for the case of near-extremal BH,we find that the WCCC could be violable in the extended phase space(EPS),depending on the value of the parameters of the BH and their variations.

Holographic images of an AdS black hole within the framework of f(R) gravity theory

Based on the AdS/CFT correspondence,this study employs an oscillating Gaussian source to numerically study the holographic images of an AdS black hole under f(R)gravity using wave optics.Due to the diffraction of scalar wave,it turns out that one can clearly observed the interference patten of the absolute amplitude of response function on the AdS boundary.Furthermore,it is observed that its peak increases with the f(R)parameterαbut decreases with the global monopoleη,frequencyω,and horizon r_(h).More importantly,the results reveal that the holographic Einstein ring is a series of concentric striped patterns for an observer at the North Pole and that their center is analogous to a Poisson-Arago spot.This ring can evolve into a luminosity-deformed ring or two light spots when the observer is at a different position.According to geometrical optics,it is true that the size of the brightest holographic ring is approximately equal to that of the photon sphere,and the two light spots correspond to clockwise and anticlockwise light rays.In addition,holographic images for different values of black holes and optical system parameters were obtained,and different features emerged.Finally,we conclude that the holographic rings of the AdS black hole in modified gravities are more suitable and helpful for testing the existence of a gravity dual for a given material.

Design of quinoline-based fluorescent probe for the ratiometric detection of cadmium in aqueous media

A new fluorescent probe,DQCd2,based on 4-piperidinoquinoline has been synthesized as a fluorescent probe for Cd^2＋.It can ratiometrically respond to Cd^2＋ in PBS buffer by a remarkable emission intensity enhancement（88-fold） and wavelength shift（70 nm）.

Highly selective two-photon fluorescent probe for imaging of nitric oxide in living cells

A new two-photon fluorescent probe, ADNO, for nitric oxide （NO） based on intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer （PET） mechanism d/splays a rapid response to NO with a remarkable fluorescent enhancement in PBS buffer. The excellent chemoselectivity of ADNO for NO over other ROS/RNS （reactive oxygen species or nitrogen species） and common metal ions was observed. Moreover, ADNO has been successfully applied in fluorescence imaging of NO of living cells using both one-photon microscopy （OPM） and two-~hoton microscopy （TPM）,

Lorentz violation, quantum tunneling, and information conservation

In this paper, by introducing the Lorentz-invariance-violation(LIV) class of dispersion relations(DR)suppressed by the second power(E/EQG)2, we investigated the effect of the LIV on the Hawking radiation of a charged Dirac particle based on tunneling from a Reissner-Nordstrom(RN) black hole. It was determined that the LIV speeds up black hole evaporation. As a result, the induced Hawking temperature was very sensitive to changes in the energy of the radiation particle. However, at the same energy level, it was insensitive to changes in the charge of the radiation particle. This is phenomenological evidence in support of the LIV-DR as a candidate for describing the effect of quantum gravity. Moreover, when the effect of the LIV was included, we discovered that the statistical correlations with the Planck-scale corrections between successive emissions could leak out information via radiation.We also determined that black hole radiation via tunneling is an entropy conservation process, and no information loss occurred during radiation, where the interpretation of the entropy of a black hole is addressed. Finally, we concluded that black hole evaporation is still a unitary process in the context of quantum gravity.

Minimally-invasive treatment of communicating hydrocephalus using a percutaneous lumboperitoneal shunt

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of a minimally-invasive treatment of communicating hydrocephalus using a percutaneous lumboperitoneal (LP) shunt.Method:The clinical and long-term follow-up data of 256 patients suffering from communicating hydrocephalus and undergoing percutaneous LP shunt during 1998 to 2008 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:After the follow-up,which lasted 6 months to 10 years,219 cases of communicating hydrocephalus recovered well (ventricular size returned to normal and symptoms completely disappeared),25 cases were brought under control (ventricle size reduced by 50% and symptoms partially abated),and 12 cases showed no obvious changes.Fifteen obese subjects needed modifications of the shunt due to the obstruction of the abdominal end following wrapping,and one subject underwent extubation as the subject was unable to tolerate stimulation of the cauda equina.The effectiveness of shunting was 91.40% and the probability of shunt-tube obstruction,which occurs predominantly in the abdominal end,was only 5.85%,far lower than that of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt.Three subjects had a history of infection following VP shunting.Conclusion:LP shunting is minimally invasive and effective in treating communicating hydrocephalus,with fewer complications.

Effects of dark matter on shadows and rings of Brane-World black holes illuminated by various accretions

In this study, by taking the accretions into account, the observed shadows and rings cast by the Brane-World black hole were numerically investigated when the observer was located at the cosmological horizon. The results showed that the radius rpof the photon sphere increased with the cosmological parameter α and dark matter parameter β, while the impact parameter bpdecreased with α and increased with β. For thin disk accretion, the total observed intensity is mainly composed of direct emission.Simultaneously, the lensing ring and photon ring have only small and negligible contributions, respectively. We also found that shadows and rings exhibit different and exciting features when the disk is located at different positions. For static and infalling spherical accretions, it is evident that the size of shadows is always the same for both accretions. This implies that shadows are only related to space-time geometry in this case. The luminosity of the shadow and photon sphere is closely associated with the Doppler effect and the emissivity per unit volume j(νe). In addition, the influence of dark matter and cosmological constant on the observed intensity of shadows and rings is carefully emphasized throughout this paper. Finally, we obtained the burring images of shadows and rings using the nominal resolution of the event horizon telescope. We also studied the upper limits of the X-clod dark matter parameter β using the data of the shadow of M87.

Shadows and observational appearance of a new family of Ayón-Beato-García black holes

In this paper,we study the shadows and observational appearance of the Ayón-Beato-García(ABG)black hole,which is surrounded by a thin disk accretion.For a four-dimensional ABG black hole,as the charge q increases,the event horizon r+,radius rp and impact parameter bp of the photon sphere decrease,while the maximum value of effective potential Veff increases.However,as the termγassociated with nonlinear electrodynamics increases,the related physical quantities r+,rp and bp increase,but the maximum value of Veff decreases.When the light ray reaches the vicinity of the ABG black hole,one can observe the trajectories of the light rays appearing as three types,i.e.,direct emission,lens ring and photon ring.Furthermore,the shadows and the observational appearance of the ABG black hole are studied.The results show that the charge q and the termγhave a great influence on the shape and intensity of the black hole shadow.When the relevant state parameters change or the emission model changes,it can be argued that it is the direct emission that plays a decisive role in the total observed intensity of the ABG black hole,while the contribution of the lens ring to the total observed intensity is small and the photon ring makes almost no contribution.

Deformed dispersion relation constraint with hydrogen atom 1S-2S transition

We use the latest results of the ultra-high accuracy 1S-2S transition experiments in the hydrogen atom to constrain the forms of the deformed dispersion relation in the non-relativistic limit.For the leading correction of the non-relativistic limit,the experiment sets a limit at an order of magnitude for the desired Planck-scale level,thereby providing another example of the Planck-scale sensitivity in the study of the dispersion relation in controlled laboratory experiments.For the next-to-leading term,the bound is two orders of magnitude away from the Planck scale,however it still amounts to the best limit,in contrast to the previously obtained bound in the non-relativistic limit from the cold-atom-recoil experiments.

Shadow thermodynamics of an AdS black hole in regular spacetime

The dependence of the black hole(BH) shadow and thermodynamics may be structured in regular spacetime. Taking a regular Bardeen-AdS BH as an example, the relationship between the shadow radius and event horizon radius is derived. It is found that these two radii display a positive correlation, implying that the BH temperature can be rewritten as a function of shadow radius in regular spacetime. By analyzing the phase transition curves under the shadow context, we find that the shadow radius can replace the event horizon radius to present the BH phase transition process, and the phase transition grade can also be revealed by the shadow radius, indicating that the shadow radius may serve as a probe for phase structure in regular spacetime. Utilizing the temperature-shadow radius function, the thermal profile of the Bardeen-AdS BH is established. Moreover, the temperature exhibits an N-type change trend in the P < Pc situation. These results suggest that the phase transition process of a regular AdS BH can be completely presented in the thermal profile, and the relationship between the BH shadow and thermodynamics can also be established in regular spacetime.

Shadow images and observed luminosity of the Bardeen black hole surrounded by different accretions

In this paper,by exploring photon motion in the region near a Bardeen black hole,we studied the shadow and observed properties of the black hole surrounded by various accretion models.We analyzed the changes in shadow imaging and observed luminosity when the relevant physical parameters are changed.For the different spherical accretion backgrounds,we find that the radius of shadow and the position of the photon sphere do not change,but the observed intensity of shadow in the infalling accretion model is significantly lower than that in the static case.We also studied the contribution of the photon rings,lensing rings and direct emission to the total observed flux when the black hole is surrounded by an optically thin disk accretion.Under the different forms of the emission modes,the results show that the observed brightness is mainly determined by direct emission,while the lensing rings will provide a small part of the observed flux,and the flux provided by the photon ring is negligible.By comparing our results with the Schwarzschild spacetime,we find that the existence or change of relevant status parameters will greatly affect the shape and observed intensity of the black hole shadow.These results support the theory that the change of state parameter will affect the spacetime structure,thus affecting the observed features of black hole shadows.