A two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model was established to simulate the friction stir butt-welding of 6061 aluminum alloy. The dynamic mesh method was applied in this model to make the tool move forward a...A two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model was established to simulate the friction stir butt-welding of 6061 aluminum alloy. The dynamic mesh method was applied in this model to make the tool move forward and rotate in a manner similar to a real tool, and the calculated volumetric source of energy was loaded to establish a similar thermal environment to that used in the experiment. Besides, a small piece of zinc stock was embedded into the workpiece as a trace element. Temperature fields and vector plots were determined using a finite volume method, which was indirectly verified by traditional metallography. The simulation result indicated that the temperature distribution was asymmetric but had a similar tendency on the two sides of the welding line. The maximum temperature on the advancing side was approximately 10 K higher than that on the retreating side. Furthermore, the precise process of material flow behavior in combination with streamtraces was demonstrated by contour maps of the phases. Under the shearing force and forward extrusion pressure, material located in front of the tool tended to move along the tangent direction of the rotating tool. Notably, three whirlpools formed under a special pressure environment around the tool, resulting in a uniform composition distribution.展开更多
The effects of trace addition of Al_(2)O_(3) nanoparticles(NPs)on thermal reliabilities of Sn−0.5Ag−0.7Cu/Cu solder joints were investigated.Experimental results showed that trace addition of Al_(2)O_(3) NPs could inc...The effects of trace addition of Al_(2)O_(3) nanoparticles(NPs)on thermal reliabilities of Sn−0.5Ag−0.7Cu/Cu solder joints were investigated.Experimental results showed that trace addition of Al_(2)O_(3) NPs could increase the isotheraml aging(IA)and thermal cyclic(TC)lifetimes of Sn−0.5Ag−0.7Cu/Cu joint from 662 to 787 h,and from 1597 to 1824 cycles,respectively.Also,trace addition of Al_(2)O_(3) NPs could slow down the shear force reduction of solder joint during thermal services,which was attributed to the pinning effect of Al_(2)O_(3) NPs on hindering the growth of grains and interfacial intermetallic compounds(IMCs).Theoretically,the growth coefficients of interfacial IMCs in IA process were calculated to be decreased from 1.61×10^(−10 )to 0.79×10^(−10) cm^(2)/h in IA process,and from 0.92×10^(−10) to 0.53×10^(−10) cm^(2)/h in TC process.This indicated that trace addition of Al_(2)O_(3) NPs can improve both IA and TC reliabilities of Sn−0.5Ag−0.7Cu/Cu joint,and a little more obvious in IA reliability.展开更多
Metastable phases formed during vitrification or devitrification open an avenue to study the intrinsic structural hierarchy in amorphous materials.The phase transformation sequence of Al89Ce11 amorphous ribbon was inv...Metastable phases formed during vitrification or devitrification open an avenue to study the intrinsic structural hierarchy in amorphous materials.The phase transformation sequence of Al89Ce11 amorphous ribbon was investigated using diff erential scanning calorimetry,in situ high energy X-ray diffraction(HEXRD)and ex situ high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscope.The results reveal the devitrification pathway following the reaction:amorphous→ε-Al_(60)Ce_(11)+fcc-Al→η-Al_(41)Ce_(5)+fcc-Al→Al_(11)Ce_(3)+fcc-Al.It has been found that bothε-Al_(60)Ce_(11)andη-Al_(41)Ce_(5)metastable phases have same Ce-centered 1-6-6-6-1 motif,suggesting that the structural motif can be inherited.Formation of metastable phase with large unit cell is related to the short-range orders developed during solidification.Structural heredity provides a new method to tailor the microstructure and properties of Al-based alloys based on genetic mechanism.展开更多
基金Project(51475232)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model was established to simulate the friction stir butt-welding of 6061 aluminum alloy. The dynamic mesh method was applied in this model to make the tool move forward and rotate in a manner similar to a real tool, and the calculated volumetric source of energy was loaded to establish a similar thermal environment to that used in the experiment. Besides, a small piece of zinc stock was embedded into the workpiece as a trace element. Temperature fields and vector plots were determined using a finite volume method, which was indirectly verified by traditional metallography. The simulation result indicated that the temperature distribution was asymmetric but had a similar tendency on the two sides of the welding line. The maximum temperature on the advancing side was approximately 10 K higher than that on the retreating side. Furthermore, the precise process of material flow behavior in combination with streamtraces was demonstrated by contour maps of the phases. Under the shearing force and forward extrusion pressure, material located in front of the tool tended to move along the tangent direction of the rotating tool. Notably, three whirlpools formed under a special pressure environment around the tool, resulting in a uniform composition distribution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52105369,61974070)Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(No.20KJB460008)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BK20200746)NUPTSF(No.NY220077).
文摘The effects of trace addition of Al_(2)O_(3) nanoparticles(NPs)on thermal reliabilities of Sn−0.5Ag−0.7Cu/Cu solder joints were investigated.Experimental results showed that trace addition of Al_(2)O_(3) NPs could increase the isotheraml aging(IA)and thermal cyclic(TC)lifetimes of Sn−0.5Ag−0.7Cu/Cu joint from 662 to 787 h,and from 1597 to 1824 cycles,respectively.Also,trace addition of Al_(2)O_(3) NPs could slow down the shear force reduction of solder joint during thermal services,which was attributed to the pinning effect of Al_(2)O_(3) NPs on hindering the growth of grains and interfacial intermetallic compounds(IMCs).Theoretically,the growth coefficients of interfacial IMCs in IA process were calculated to be decreased from 1.61×10^(−10 )to 0.79×10^(−10) cm^(2)/h in IA process,and from 0.92×10^(−10) to 0.53×10^(−10) cm^(2)/h in TC process.This indicated that trace addition of Al_(2)O_(3) NPs can improve both IA and TC reliabilities of Sn−0.5Ag−0.7Cu/Cu joint,and a little more obvious in IA reliability.
基金the funding support from the National Key Research and Development program(No.2020YFC2200500)the support from“The Pearl River Talent Program”the US Department of Energy,Office of Science,Office of Basic Energy Sciences,under Contract No.DE-AC02-06CH11357。
文摘Metastable phases formed during vitrification or devitrification open an avenue to study the intrinsic structural hierarchy in amorphous materials.The phase transformation sequence of Al89Ce11 amorphous ribbon was investigated using diff erential scanning calorimetry,in situ high energy X-ray diffraction(HEXRD)and ex situ high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscope.The results reveal the devitrification pathway following the reaction:amorphous→ε-Al_(60)Ce_(11)+fcc-Al→η-Al_(41)Ce_(5)+fcc-Al→Al_(11)Ce_(3)+fcc-Al.It has been found that bothε-Al_(60)Ce_(11)andη-Al_(41)Ce_(5)metastable phases have same Ce-centered 1-6-6-6-1 motif,suggesting that the structural motif can be inherited.Formation of metastable phase with large unit cell is related to the short-range orders developed during solidification.Structural heredity provides a new method to tailor the microstructure and properties of Al-based alloys based on genetic mechanism.