DEAR EDITOR,We examined the distribution,population,and conservation status of the critically endangered Myanmar or black snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus strykeri)via field surveys over 26 months(2019-2021)in the Pian...DEAR EDITOR,We examined the distribution,population,and conservation status of the critically endangered Myanmar or black snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus strykeri)via field surveys over 26 months(2019-2021)in the Pianma region of the China-Myanmar border.Contrary to previous reports,we only identified one group in the region,which was a cross-border group occupying a multi-year home range of 51.50-57.02 km^(2).The current group size was much larger(155-160 individuals)than that in 2012-2014(ca 100 individuals),and the group appeared to be growing.However,confirmed poaching,mining,and transboundary forest fires on the Myanmar side of the border threaten their survival.展开更多
Rod-shaped mesoporous titanosilicate composites (RMTSs) with controllable aspect ratios (ARs) were fabricated using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) at a continuous stirring...Rod-shaped mesoporous titanosilicate composites (RMTSs) with controllable aspect ratios (ARs) were fabricated using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) at a continuous stirring rate, resulting in ARs ranging from 1 to 5. Slowing the stirring rate or increasing the concentration of CTAB mainly impacted the length growth, whereas NH4OH affected the width growth. Photocatalytic activity studies revealed that the length of RMTSs played a more significant role than the width at lower ARs in their photocatalytic activity.展开更多
The topological Hall effect(THE) as a powerful probe for the experimental observation of topological spin textures, such as magnetic skyrmions, has been observed in a wide variety of distinct material systems. However...The topological Hall effect(THE) as a powerful probe for the experimental observation of topological spin textures, such as magnetic skyrmions, has been observed in a wide variety of distinct material systems. However, limited experimental observations have been reported for antiferromagnetic(AFM) materials. Here, the THE signals in the AFM state were observed in compensated ferrimagnetic thin films interfaced with heavy metals at the magnetization compensation temperature(TM).Ferrimagnetic CoTb thin films grown on Pt thin films were used in the experiments. The Co Tb films exhibited a magnetization compensation point at which the moments of Co and Tb sublattices canceled each other, giving rise to the AFM state. The temperature(T)-dependent Hall measurements showed anomalous Hall effect(AHE) and THE responses at T≠T_(M) but pure THE responses at T=T_(M). Control measurements and analyses suggest that the THE responses are associated with interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction(DMI) rather than the overlapping of different AHE signals in the structure. This work presents the first-ever observation of interfacial DMI-induced THE in AFM metal trilayered systems and demonstrates a new approach for electrical reading of chiral spin textures in AFM thin film-based heterostructures.展开更多
A complete ecosystem is also a complex network in which multifarious species interact with each other to achieve system-level functions, such as nutrient biogeochemistry (1)Microbial community is commonly considered a...A complete ecosystem is also a complex network in which multifarious species interact with each other to achieve system-level functions, such as nutrient biogeochemistry (1)Microbial community is commonly considered as the primary driving force of ecosystem nutrient mobilization and metabolism, especially carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S) and methane coupling process (2)The rise of metagenomics and high-throughput array (e.g. PhyloChip, GeoChip, etc.展开更多
A novel phenomenon of spontaneous positive exchange bias(PEB)is reported in SrFeO_(3-x)/SrCoO_(3-x) epitaxial bilayer without undergoing any magnetic field treatment.When inserting a thick SrTiO3(STO)nonmagnetic space...A novel phenomenon of spontaneous positive exchange bias(PEB)is reported in SrFeO_(3-x)/SrCoO_(3-x) epitaxial bilayer without undergoing any magnetic field treatment.When inserting a thick SrTiO3(STO)nonmagnetic spacer(about 6 nm)into the bilayer interface,this phenomenon still exists.Based on a series of testing means,the spontaneous PEB effect is supposed to be mainly related to short-range ferromagnetic(FM)exchange coupling at the interface when there is no STO spacer.As the STO interlayer reaches up to a certain thickness,shortrange coupling interaction basically disappears.At this time,the long-range dipole field may be responsible for the coupling of the FM and antiferromagnetic(AFM)layer across the nonmagnetic STO and then leads to the same bias effect.Our discoveries provide a new way to realize and manipulate spontaneous exchange bias-based spintronics devices,such as magnetic recording heads and spin valves.展开更多
Anaerobic methanotrophic archaea(ANME)can assimilate methane and govern the greenhouse effect of deep-sea cold seeps.In this study,a total of 13 ANME draft genomes representing five ANME types(ANME-la,ANME-lb,ANME-2a,...Anaerobic methanotrophic archaea(ANME)can assimilate methane and govern the greenhouse effect of deep-sea cold seeps.In this study,a total of 13 ANME draft genomes representing five ANME types(ANME-la,ANME-lb,ANME-2a,ANME-2b and ANME-2c),in size between 0.8 and 1.8 Mbp,were obtained from the Jiaolong cold seep in the South China Sea.The small metagenome-assembled genomes(MAGs)contained all the essential pathways for methane oxidization and carbon dioxide fixation.All genes related to nitrate and sulfate reduction were absent from the MAGs,indicating their syntrophic dependence on partner organisms.Aside from acetate secretion and sugar storage,propanoate synthesis pathway,as an alternative novel carbon flow,was identified in all the MAGs and transcriptionally active.Regarding type-specific features of the MAGs,the genes encoding archaellum and bacteria-derived chemotaxis were specific to ANME-2,perhaps for fitness under fluctuation of methane and sulfate concentration flux.Our genomic and transcriptomic results strongly suggested that ANME could carry out simple carbon metabolism from Cl assimilation to C3 biosynthesis in the SCS cold seep,which casts light on a novel approach for synthetic biology.展开更多
基金The authors would like to acknowledge the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51675331 and 51775337)Major Projects of the Ministry of Education(311017)Pei-dong WU would like to acknowledge the support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC,RGPIN-2016-06464).
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. U2141215, 52105384 and 52075325)the support of Materials Genome Initiative Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China。
基金supported by the Biodiversity Survey,Monitoring and Assessment Project of Ministry of Ecology and Environment(2019HB2096001006)Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA23080000,XDA19050000)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31670397,32171487)State Forestry Administration of China,and Rufford Foundation(24816-1)。
文摘DEAR EDITOR,We examined the distribution,population,and conservation status of the critically endangered Myanmar or black snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus strykeri)via field surveys over 26 months(2019-2021)in the Pianma region of the China-Myanmar border.Contrary to previous reports,we only identified one group in the region,which was a cross-border group occupying a multi-year home range of 51.50-57.02 km^(2).The current group size was much larger(155-160 individuals)than that in 2012-2014(ca 100 individuals),and the group appeared to be growing.However,confirmed poaching,mining,and transboundary forest fires on the Myanmar side of the border threaten their survival.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.20976100,51372124)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2010BM013, ZR2011BQ009)+1 种基金the Program for Scientific Research Innovation Team in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province(No. 201207)Key Laboratory of Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Ministry of Education(Shandong University,No.201205)
文摘Rod-shaped mesoporous titanosilicate composites (RMTSs) with controllable aspect ratios (ARs) were fabricated using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) at a continuous stirring rate, resulting in ARs ranging from 1 to 5. Slowing the stirring rate or increasing the concentration of CTAB mainly impacted the length growth, whereas NH4OH affected the width growth. Photocatalytic activity studies revealed that the length of RMTSs played a more significant role than the width at lower ARs in their photocatalytic activity.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFB0405703)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51571136,61434002,51871137,and 51901118)the Graduate Student Innovation Project in Shanxi Province(Grant No.2020BY082)。
文摘The topological Hall effect(THE) as a powerful probe for the experimental observation of topological spin textures, such as magnetic skyrmions, has been observed in a wide variety of distinct material systems. However, limited experimental observations have been reported for antiferromagnetic(AFM) materials. Here, the THE signals in the AFM state were observed in compensated ferrimagnetic thin films interfaced with heavy metals at the magnetization compensation temperature(TM).Ferrimagnetic CoTb thin films grown on Pt thin films were used in the experiments. The Co Tb films exhibited a magnetization compensation point at which the moments of Co and Tb sublattices canceled each other, giving rise to the AFM state. The temperature(T)-dependent Hall measurements showed anomalous Hall effect(AHE) and THE responses at T≠T_(M) but pure THE responses at T=T_(M). Control measurements and analyses suggest that the THE responses are associated with interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction(DMI) rather than the overlapping of different AHE signals in the structure. This work presents the first-ever observation of interfacial DMI-induced THE in AFM metal trilayered systems and demonstrates a new approach for electrical reading of chiral spin textures in AFM thin film-based heterostructures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41701299)support from the Academy of Finland funding PARKTRAITS project (WBS 1315987)
文摘A complete ecosystem is also a complex network in which multifarious species interact with each other to achieve system-level functions, such as nutrient biogeochemistry (1)Microbial community is commonly considered as the primary driving force of ecosystem nutrient mobilization and metabolism, especially carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S) and methane coupling process (2)The rise of metagenomics and high-throughput array (e.g. PhyloChip, GeoChip, etc.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51871137 and 51901118)the Graduate Student Innovation Project in Shanxi Normal University(Nos.010901053014 and 010903010050)。
文摘A novel phenomenon of spontaneous positive exchange bias(PEB)is reported in SrFeO_(3-x)/SrCoO_(3-x) epitaxial bilayer without undergoing any magnetic field treatment.When inserting a thick SrTiO3(STO)nonmagnetic spacer(about 6 nm)into the bilayer interface,this phenomenon still exists.Based on a series of testing means,the spontaneous PEB effect is supposed to be mainly related to short-range ferromagnetic(FM)exchange coupling at the interface when there is no STO spacer.As the STO interlayer reaches up to a certain thickness,shortrange coupling interaction basically disappears.At this time,the long-range dipole field may be responsible for the coupling of the FM and antiferromagnetic(AFM)layer across the nonmagnetic STO and then leads to the same bias effect.Our discoveries provide a new way to realize and manipulate spontaneous exchange bias-based spintronics devices,such as magnetic recording heads and spin valves.
基金This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2O18YFCO31OOO5 and 2016YFC0302500)the National Science Foundation of China(No.31460001 and No.41476104).
文摘Anaerobic methanotrophic archaea(ANME)can assimilate methane and govern the greenhouse effect of deep-sea cold seeps.In this study,a total of 13 ANME draft genomes representing five ANME types(ANME-la,ANME-lb,ANME-2a,ANME-2b and ANME-2c),in size between 0.8 and 1.8 Mbp,were obtained from the Jiaolong cold seep in the South China Sea.The small metagenome-assembled genomes(MAGs)contained all the essential pathways for methane oxidization and carbon dioxide fixation.All genes related to nitrate and sulfate reduction were absent from the MAGs,indicating their syntrophic dependence on partner organisms.Aside from acetate secretion and sugar storage,propanoate synthesis pathway,as an alternative novel carbon flow,was identified in all the MAGs and transcriptionally active.Regarding type-specific features of the MAGs,the genes encoding archaellum and bacteria-derived chemotaxis were specific to ANME-2,perhaps for fitness under fluctuation of methane and sulfate concentration flux.Our genomic and transcriptomic results strongly suggested that ANME could carry out simple carbon metabolism from Cl assimilation to C3 biosynthesis in the SCS cold seep,which casts light on a novel approach for synthetic biology.