A Review on the Protection Mechanism of Trehalose on Plant Tissues and Animal Cells

Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide composed of glucose molecules connected byα-glycosidic bond.This soluble substance plays an important role of protecting green algae and other lower plants from stress.It can help plants cope with extreme environments such as severe cold,drought and high salinity,regulate the stomatal conductance and water utilization rate of plants,and participate in the growth and metabolism regulation of plants as a signal molecule.As an impermeable cryoprotectant,trehalose is widely used in the refrigeration protection of various animal cells and tissues due to its non-toxicity and high efficiency.According to the research results at home and abroad in recent years,the protection,regulation and mechanism of trehalose on plant tissues and animal cells were summarized,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the further development and utilization of trehalose.

免疫抑制剂霉酚酸的研究及产业化进展

霉酚酸是世界上应用最广泛的免疫抑制剂之一,市场需求巨大。目前为止,主要是通过真菌发酵的方式进行霉酚酸的工业生产,而用于生产的菌株多是经过诱变的高产短密青霉菌。本文从霉酚酸的研究应用现状、化学合成以及生物合成途径、遗传调控、发酵生产以及市场分析等方面对霉酚酸的研究及产业化进展进行了系统综述。为该药物的新颖衍生物开发、提高产率以及应用先进生物技术智能化创制提供重要参考和依据。

炭团木霉中非核糖体多肽基因NRPS1的功能研究

【目的】木霉属真菌是应用最为广泛和潜力最大的生防真菌,其产生的典型化合物哌珀霉素(peptaibols)类抗生素在生物防治中发挥重要作用。本研究采用基因组挖掘技术(genome mining)发现炭团木霉(Trichoderma hypoxylon)的潜在哌珀霉素生物合成基因簇及对病原菌的防治作用。【方法】生物信息学分析预测合成哌珀霉素的基因簇,利用Quick-change技术构建基因骨架敲除盒,通过PEG介导的原生质体转化方法获得敲除突变株,通过平板对峙法和菌丝生长毒力实验验证该基因簇对炭团木霉生物活性的影响。【结果】基因挖掘鉴定一个非核糖体多肽合成酶(nonribosomal peptide synthetases,NRPS)可能合成哌珀霉素类抗生素,命名为NRPS1,对该基因进行部分敲除,成功获得3株NRPS1缺失突变株。对峙实验表明,突变株对寄生曲霉(Aspergillus parasiticus)、尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、黑白轮枝菌(Verticillium alboatrum)等9株植物病原真菌的抑制作用与野生株相比显著下降,且突变株的粗提物的抑菌活性明显弱于野生型。【结论】NRPS1是一个潜在的哌珀霉素合成基因,该基因在宿主与病原真菌对抗过程中起关键作用,该研究为炭团木霉哌珀霉素结构解析及生物防治机理研究奠定了基础。