厉以宁先生追思会暨厉以宁学术思想研讨会——经济学思想理论创新和实践探索

2023年2月27日,“改革先锋”奖章获得者、经济体制改革的积极倡导者、著名经济学家、杰出的教育家、北京大学哲学社会科学资深教授、光华管理学院创始院长厉以宁先生因病在北京逝世,享年92岁。

Effect of Yinhuangsan (YHS) on Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFU): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objectives: To assess the safety and effectiveness of Yinhuangsan (YHS) in patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). Search Methods: Studies were selected from PubMed (1966 to January 2021), the Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE) (1974 to January 2021), the Cochrane Library (1988 to January 2021), SinoMed (CBM) (1978 to January 2021), China Science and Technology Journal Data-base (VIP) (1994 to January 2021), Wanfang Data Knowl-edge Service Platform (1998 to January 2021) and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) (1984 to January 2021). No language restrictions were applied. Studies were identified and selected, and the data were extracted independently by two reviewers. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to assess the quality of studies. Revman 5.3 software was used for data synthesis and analysis. Results: Two studies were included based on the selection criteria. Two trials were of unsatisfied methodological quality and adopting different criteria to judge outcomes. As such, we were unable to perform a summary meta-analysis but concentrated on a narrative summary of results. Both the included studies had a low risk of incomplete data bias and selective reporting bias, while neither of them mentioned allocation concealment and blinding. Both two trials showed positive results favoring YHS compared with positive controls independently in total effective rate. One reported amputation rate, mortality and ulcer area change, and the other described ulcer healing rate. Neither of the trials stated adverse reactions and quality of life. Conclusions: There is currently inadequate evidence on evaluating YHS for DFU effectively, due to the paucity of randomized controlled trials and the low methodological quality in included studies. The safety of YHS remains unknown for lack of ample data on adverse events. Hence, YHS should be applied with caution. More high quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) expected to strengthen the evidence for the effectiveness and safety of YHS treating DFU are in demand. Standardized monitoring or a valid reporting system should be adopted to critically estimate adverse events and the safety in the future.

关节液α防御素-1检测在人工关节感染患者中的应用价值

目的探究关节液α防御素-1检测在判断人工关节感染(prosthetic joint infection,PJI)中的应用价值。方法选择2014年2月-2015年3月本院接诊的47例需要进行人工关节翻修术的患者进行研究,排除其他痛风、骨髓增生异常综合征等干扰因素,选择美国肌肉与骨骼感染协会(Muscularskeletal Infection Society,MSIS)诊断标准进行PJI诊断,将患者随机分为感染组患者24例,非感染组患者23例,将两组患者关节液α防御素-1与MSIS诊断指标的灵敏性以及特异性进行比较。结果关节液α防御素-1对PJI检测的可靠性较高,其敏感性为85.7%,特异性为92.2%;23例非感染组患者中,有20例患者确诊为非感染者;24例感染组患者中,有22例患者确诊为PJI,能够实现对86.96%患者的正确区分。结论关节液α防御素-1在进行PJI的诊断方面有着较大的发展潜力,结合体征、临床特征来进行综合诊断可以保证诊断结果的准确性。

Fabrication of gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel microneedles for transdermal delivery of metformin in diabetic rats

Injection therapy for diabetes has poor patient compliance,and the pain occurring at the site of subcutaneous injections causes significant inconvenience to diabetic patients.In this work,to demonstrate the benefits of an alternative drug delivery technique that overcomes these issues,methacrylated gelatin hydrogel-forming microneedles integrated with metformin were developed to adjust blood glucose levels in diabetic rats.Gelatin methacryloyl microneedles(GelMA-MNs)with different degrees of substitution were successfully prepared by a micro-molding method.The resultant GelMA-MNs exhibited excellent mechanical properties and moisture resistance.Metformin,an anti-diabetic drug,was further encapsulated into the GelMA-MNs,and its release rate could be controlled by the three-dimensional cross-linked network of microneedles,thereby exhibiting sustained drug release behaviors in vitro and implying a better therapeutic effect compared with that of subcutaneous injection in diabetic rats.The drug release period could be significantly prolonged by improving the cross-link density of GelMA-MNs.The results of hypoglycemic effect evaluation show that the application of GelMA-MNs for transdermal delivery in diabetic rats has promising benefits for diabetes treatment.

Inhibitory effect of acupuncture on neuronalapoptosis in rats after cerebral ischemia

BACKGROUND： Delayed neuronal death after total cerebral ischemia may accompany with apoptosis, but acupuncture may play a certain role in protecting nerve through inhibiting ischemic neuronal apoptosis. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effect of acupuncture on neuronal apoptosis in rats after cerebral ischemia and analyze its cerebral protective mechanism. DESIGN： Contrast observation among groups. SETTING： Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. MATERIALS： A total of 30 male healthy Wistar rats of general grade and weighing （250±20） g were randomly divided into three groups, including sham operation group, cerebral ischemia group and acupuncture group with 10 rats in each group. Apoptosis in situ kit was provided by Baolingman Company, Germany. METHODS： The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory Center, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May to November 2004. ① Rats in the cerebral ischemia group and the acupuncture group were used to establish total cerebral ischemic models with four vessels occlusion; in addition, models in the sham operation group were established with the same method as mentioned above. However, four vessels of rats in the sham operation were exposured and cerebral ischemia did not occur. Rats in the acupuncture group were given acupuncture treatment after operation. Needle of 40 mm in length was used to acupuncture bilateral Zusanli （St 36） and Quchi （LI 11） with the depth of 3 mm, and then bilateral acupoints were connected with KWD-808Ⅱ omnipotenc impulse electro-therapeutic apparatus （frequency： 1 Hz; thin waves; voltage： 2 V） once a day for totally 30 minutes. Meanwhile, needle of 25 mm in length was used to acupuncture Baihui （Du 20） with the depth of 3 mm, and then the needle was twirled once every 5 minutes for 30 minutes in total. The course was 7 days. ② Neuronal injuries in hippocampal CAI area after cerebral ischemia were observed with Nissl body staining method at 7 days after treatment; neuronal apoptosis was observed with TUNEL staining; manifestations of neuronal apoptosis in cerebral cortex and hippocampal CAI area were observed with electron microscope. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Neuronal injuries in hippocampal CAI area after cerebral ischemia; neuronal apoptosis in cerebral cortex and hippocampal CAI area after cerebral ischemia; morphological changes under electron microscope. RESULTS： Among 30 Wistar rats, 24 rats were involved in the final analysis. ① Expression of positive neurons in cerebral cortex and hippocampal CAI area with Nissl body staining： Neuronal defect was obvious in cerebral cortex and hippocampal CAI area in the cerebral ischemia group as compared with that in the sham operation group （P 〈 0.05）, and neuronal defect was decreased in hippocampal CAI area in the cerebral ischemia group as compared with that in the acupuncture group （P 〈 0.05）. ② Expression of positive neurons in cerebral cortex and hippocampal CAI area with TUNEL staining： Positive neurons with TUNEL staining were not observed in the sham operation group, but positive neurons were increased in the cerebral ischemia group as compared with those in the acupuncture group （P 〈0.05）. ③ Observational results of electron microscope： Neuronal apoptosis was not found in the sham operation group; neuronal apoptosis was rarely found in the acupuncture group; neuronal apoptosis was typical in the cerebral ischemia group. CONCLUSION： Delayed neuronal death after total cerebral ischemia may accompany with apoptosis, but acupuncture may play a certain role in protecting nerve through inhibiting ischemic neuronal apoptosis.

Facial nucleus up-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA following electroacupuncture treatment in a rabbit model of facial nerve injury

BACKGROUND： The effect of acupuncture treatment on peripheral facial nerve injury is generally accepted. However, the mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE： To validate the effect of acupoint electro-stimulation on brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） mRNA expression in the facial nucleus of rabbits with facial nerve injury, with the hypothesis that acupuncture treatment efficacy is related to BDNE DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Peripheral facial nerve injury, in situ hybridization, and randomized, controlled, animal trial. The experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Anatomy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine from March to September 2005. MATERIALS： A total of 120 healthy, adult, Japanese rabbits, with an equal number of males and females were selected. Models of peripheral facial nerve injury were established using the facial nerve pressing method. METHODS： The rabbits were randomly divided into five groups （n = 24）： sham operation, an incision to the left facial skin, followed by suture; model, no treatment following facial nerve model establishment; western medicine, 10 mg vitamin B1, 50 ug vitamin B12, and dexamethasone （2 mg/d, reduced to half every 7 days） intramuscular injection starting with the first day following lesion, once per day; traditional acupuncture, acupuncture at Ytfeng, Quanliao, Dicang, Jiache, Sibai, and Yangbai acupoints using a acupuncture needle with needle twirling every 10 minutes, followed by needle retention for 30 minutes, for successive 5 days; electroacupuncture, similar to the traditional acupuncture group, the Yifeng （negative electrode）, Jiache （positive electrode）, Dicang （negative electrode）, and Sibai （positive electrode） points were connected to an universal pulse electro-therapeutic apparatus for 30 minutes per day, with disperse-dense waves for successive 5 days, and resting for 2 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Left hemisphere brain stem tissues were harvested on post-operative days 7, 14, 21, and 28 under a dissecting microscope. Neuronal appearance in the facial nucleus was observed following Nissl staining. BDNF mRNA expression in the facial nucleus was determined using in situ hybridization. RESULTS： A total of 120 rabbits were included in the final analysis. In the model group, the nucleolus was asymmetric with cell body swelling, and the number of Nissl bodies decreased. With increasing time, there were more Nissl bodies in the western medicine, traditional acupuncture, and electroacupuncture groups, in particular the electroacupuncture group. However, the number of Nissl bodies remained less than in the sham operation group. The number of BDNF-positive neurons in the facial nucleus was significantly greater in the western medicine, traditional acupuncture, and electroacupuncture groups, compared with the model group （P 〈 0.01）. The number of BDNF-positive neurons in the facial nucleus of reached a minimum in the electroacupuncture group on post-surgery day 21, and increased by day 28, but remained less than control levels. CONCLUSION： Electroacupuncture at acupoints increased BDNF expression in the facial nucleus, alleviated neuronal injury in the facial nucleus, and promoted facial nerve regeneration. The effect was superior over traditional acupuncture and western medicine.

Dual responsive block copolymer coated hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles for glucose-mediated transcutaneous drug delivery

A self-regulated anti-diabetic drug release device mimicking pancreatic cells is highly desirable for the therapy of diabetes. Herein, a glucose-mediated dual-responsive drug delivery system, which combines pH-and H_(2)O_(2)-responsive block copolymer grafted hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles(HMSNs)with microneedle(MN) array patch, has been developed to achieve self-regulated administration.The poly[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzyl acrylate]-b-poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate](PPBEM-b-PDM) polymer serves as gate keeper to prevent drug release from the cavity of HMSNs at normoglycemic level. In contrast, the drug release rate is significantly enhanced upon H_(2)O_(2)and pH stimuli due to the chemical change of H_(2)O_(2)sensitive PPBEM block and acid responsive PDM block. Therefore, incorporation of anti-diabetic drug and glucose oxidase(GOx, which can oxidize glucose to gluconic acid and in-situ produce H_(2)O_(2)) into stimulus polymer coated HMSNs results in a glucose-mediated MN device after depositing the drug-loaded nanoparticles into MN array patch. Both in vitro and in vivo results show this MN device presents a glucose mediated self-regulated drug release characteristic, which possesses a rapid drug release at hyperglycemic level but retarded drug release at normoglycemic level. The result indicates that the fabricated smart drug delivery system is a good candidate for the therapy of diabetes.

Universal peroxidase-like strategy for sensitive glucose detection in complex matrix

Glucose detection in complex matrix such as physiological fluids and drinks can provide useful information guide for people.However,traditional detection methods toward complex matrix suffer from the impurity interference or complex pretreatments.So,it is important to exploit a universal and sensitive glucose detection strategy in complex matrix.In this work,a cascade catalytic scheme based on peroxidase-like MBs@MIL-100(Fe)@Ag(MMA)is developed for sensitive glucose detection in complex solution.Using 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)as an indicator,MMA can trigger catalytic cascade reactions for specific glucose sensing.In particular,the peroxidase-like MIL-100(Fe)serves as both the catalysis unit and enrichment unit.Oxidation state of TMB(oxTMB)can be effectively and specifically enriched by MIL-100(Fe)to exclude the interference of undesired impurities and macromolecules,which is suitable for complex sample matrix including colored soda and saliva.In addition,utilizing the peroxidase-like activity of MIL-100(Fe)for self-clean,the residual indicator molecules can be degraded,resulting in the recyclable use of MMA.

Preparation of N-Doped Bi_2WO_6 Microspheres for Efficient Visible Light-Induced Photocatalysis

The N-doped bismuth tungstate （BizWOt） photocatalysts with high visible light activity were prepared by the hydrothermal method using urea as a nitrogen source. The as-prepared N-doped Bi2WO6 samoles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area, photocurrent analysis, and UV-Vis diffuse re- flectrance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B （RhB） solution under visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic mechanisms were analyzed by active species trapping experi- ments which revealed that the holes were the main active species of N-doped BizWO6 products in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation, rather than .OH and O-. With the assistance of H202, the photocatalytic activity for degradation of RhB could be further improved because H202 reacted with conduction band electrons to generate more hydroxyl radicals. KEY WORDS：

Electrospun Scaff old of Collagen and Polycaprolactone Containing ZnO Quantum Dots for Skin Wound Regeneration

Nanofibers(NFs)have been widely used in tissue engineering such as wound healing.In this work,the antibacterial ZnO quantum dots(ZnO QDs)have been incorporated into the biocompatible poly(ε-caprolactone)/collagen(PCL/Col)fibrous scaffolds for wound healing.The as-fabricated PCL-Col/ZnO fibrous scaffolds exhibited good swelling,antibacterial activity,and biodegradation behaviors,which were beneficial for the applications as a wound dressing.Moreover,the PCL-Col/ZnO fibrous scaffolds showed excellent cytocompatibility for promoting cell proliferation.The resultant PCL-Col/ZnO fibrous scaffolds containing vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)also exhibited promoted wound-healing effect through promoting expression of transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)and the vascular factor(CD31)in tissues in the early stages of wound healing.This new electrospun fibrous scaffolds with wound-healing promotion and antibacterial property should be convenient for treating wound healing.

Polymer-grafted hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles integrated with microneedle patches for glucose-responsive drug delivery

A glucose-mediated drug delivery system would be highly satisfactory fordiabetes diagnosis since it can intelligently release drug based on blood glucose levels.Herein,a glucose-responsive drug delivery system by integrating glucose-responsivepoly(3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid)(PAPBA)functionalized hollow mesoporous silicananoparticles(HMSNs)with transcutaneous microneedles(MNs)has been designed.Thegrafted PAPBA serves as gatekeeper to prevent drug release from HMSNs atnormoglycemic levels.In contrast,faster drug release is detected at a typicalhyperglycemic level,which is due to the change of hydrophilicity of PAPBA at highglucose concentration.After transdermal administration to diabetic rats,an effectivehypoglycemic effect is achieved compared with that of subcutaneous injection.Theseobservations indicate that the designed glucose-responsive drug delivery system has apotential application in diabetes treatment.

Trade Credit, Future Earnings, and Stock Returns: A Self-Dealing Perspective

Chinese listed firms are characterized by a great magnitude of long-duration accounts receivable from controlling shareholders and their affiliates,and they often do not make bad debt allowances.On many occasions,these receivables are never collected.We find that firms with a great magnitude of accounts receivable demonstrate a low level of future profitability and low stock returns.It does not appear that the low earnings persistence of these firms is responsible for their poor future performance as predicted by the accrual anomaly,because the firms also report low concurrent earnings.In the context of the Chinese stock market,we interpret the results as being consistent with self-dealing through trade credit by controlling shareholders.This study contributes to the self-dealing literature by identifying a more subtle channel of expropriation of minority shareholders in China.

Silk Fibroin and κ-Carrageenan Composite Films Containing Zinc-doped Bioactive Glass for Wound Closure

Natural biopolymers have excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability;they can be used as biomedical materials for wound healing.In this work,the Silk Fibroin(SF)andκ-carrageenan(κ-Car)composite films containing Zinc-doped Bioactive Glass(ZBG)have been fabricated for wound closure applications.The as-fabricated SF-κ-Car/ZBG composite films have excellent stretchability and foldability,which facilitates them for application as wound dressing.They also exhibit excellent hydrophilicity and water-absorption capacity,which can effectively absorb wound exudate and keep the wound sites under moist state.In addition,the composite films have a good antibacterial effect against S.aureus and E.coli in vitro,which can reduce the risk of wound infection.Their excellent cell compatibility is confirmed by the CCK-8 assay.The strong vascular proliferation and wound regeneration are found in SF-κ-Car/ZBG composite films on a mouse skin wound model.The SF-κCar/ZBG composite films can inhibit the secretion of inflammatory factors,and stimulate the production of vascular factors and collagen fibers.The results derived from the performed investigations revealed that the SF-κ-Car/ZBG composite films are a promising candidate dressing for wound healing applications.

内源性鼻疽诺卡菌眼内炎一例

患者,男,67岁。因"左眼突然眼痛、视力下降伴同侧头痛10 d"于2019年12月30日在厦门大学附属厦门眼科中心就诊。患者3个月余前四肢及躯干无明显诱因出现斑块状皮下淤血(见图1),就诊于当地医院,诊断为"过敏性皮炎",自诉涂抹"藏药"治疗2个月后缓解(用药情况不详)。近期患者体质量减轻约10 kg,常感乏力、头晕,病因不明。既往有高血压病、糖尿病以及肾病病史数年,药物控制基本稳定。有青霉素、磺胺类药物过敏史。无眼部外伤史及手术史。

A fundamentalist perspective on accounting and implications for accounting research

This paper presents a framework for addressing normative accounting issues for reporting to shareholders. The framework is an alternative to the emerging Conceptual Framework of the International Accounting Standards Board and the Financial Accounting Standards Board. The framework can be broadly characterized as a utilitarian approach to accounting standard setting. It has two main features. First, accounting is linked to valuation models under which shareholders use accounting information to values their stakes. Second, the desirable characteristics of accounting information are inferred from the demand of investors and analysts who use the information in practice. This stands in contrast to the "qualitative characteristics" in the Boards' Framework which are embraced largely on the basis of their aesthetic appeal. These features lead to a set of broad accounting principles that resolve "recognition"and "measurement" issues at the core of the Boards' Conceptual Framework and also the central issue of a balance sheet approach versus an income statement approach. The framework in the paper also frames the research questions for researchers interested in accounting policy.

Preparation of Square and Labyrinth-Like TiO_2 Particles for Photo-Degradation of Organic Pollutants

Square and labyrinth-like titanium dioxide particles were successfully synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method with assistant of halloysite nanotubes. The morphology and microstructure of as-prepared photo-catalysts were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The photo-catalytic activity of as-prepared catalysts was evaluated by degradation of organic pollutants（Rhodamine B, methylene blue and methanol） under UV light irradiation.