Crassulacean acid metabolism(CAM)has high water-use efficiency(WUE)and is widely recognized to have evolved from C3 photosynthesis.Different plant lineages have convergently evolved CAM,but the molecular mechanism tha...Crassulacean acid metabolism(CAM)has high water-use efficiency(WUE)and is widely recognized to have evolved from C3 photosynthesis.Different plant lineages have convergently evolved CAM,but the molecular mechanism that underlies C3-to-CAM evolution remains to be clarified.Platycerium bifurcatum(elkhorn fern)provides an opportunity to study the molecular changes underlying the transition from C3 to CAM photosynthesis because both modes of photosynthesis occur in this species,with sporotrophophyll leaves(SLs)and cover leaves(CLs)performing C3 and weak CAM photosynthesis,respectively.Here,we report that the physiological and biochemical attributes of CAM in weak CAM-performing CLs differed from those in strong CAM species.We investigated the diel dynamics of the metabolome,proteome,and transcriptome in these dimorphic leaves within the same genetic background and under identical environmental conditions.We found that multi-omic diel dynamics in P.bifurcatum exhibit both tissue and diel effects.Our analysis revealed temporal rewiring of biochemistry relevant to the energy-producing pathway(TCA cycle),CAM pathway,and stomatal movement in CLs compared with SLs.We also confirmed that PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE KINASE(PPCK)exhibits convergence in gene expression among highly divergent CAM lineages.Gene regulatory network analysis identified candidate transcription factors regulating the CAM pathway and stomatal movement.Taken together,our results provide new insights into weak CAM photosynthesis and new avenues for CAM bioengineering.展开更多
Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) are effective and environmentally friendly for the treatment of refractory organic pollutants.Among EAOPs,heterogeneous electro-Fenton (EF) process with in-situ for...Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) are effective and environmentally friendly for the treatment of refractory organic pollutants.Among EAOPs,heterogeneous electro-Fenton (EF) process with in-situ formation of hydrogen peroxide (H_(2)O_(2)) is an eco-friendly,cost-effective and easy-operable technology to generate hydroxyl radicals (;OH) with high redox potential.The generation of;OH is determined by the synergistic H_(2)O_(2)formation and activation.The surface catalytic mechanisms for H_(2)O_(2)activation in the heterogeneous EF process were discussed.Some required features such as heteroatom doping and oxygen groups for H_(2)O_(2)formation via selective two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with carbonaceous electrode are summarized.The solid Fenton catalysts and integrated functional cathodes that widely used in heterogeneous EF for wastewater treatment are grouped into few classes.And the brief discussion on catalytic activity and stability of materials over different experimental conditions are given.In addition,the application of heterogeneous EF process on the remediation of emerging contaminants is provided.The challenges and future prospects of the heterogeneous EF processes about catalytic fall-off and multi-step/complex techniques for water purification are emphasized.展开更多
Compared with serial mechanisms, the parallel mechanism(PM) theoretically exhibited higher positioning accuracy, dynamic performance, strength-to-weight ratio, and lower manufacturing cost, but they had not been widel...Compared with serial mechanisms, the parallel mechanism(PM) theoretically exhibited higher positioning accuracy, dynamic performance, strength-to-weight ratio, and lower manufacturing cost, but they had not been widely used in the practical application. One key issue, positioning accuracy, which directly affected their performance and was greatly influenced by the errors of kinematic structure parameters was analyzed. To effectively enhance the positioning precision of PMs, a novel modeless kinematic calibration method, namely the split calibration, was presented and its compensation effect of the positioning error was comprehensively compared with that of an integrated method on two different types of PMs. A strange phenomenon-correct and incorrect identified results were derived from two different PMs by the same integrated method, respectivelywhich had not been reported yet was discovered, and the origin of it was revealed utilizing numerical simulations. Finally, respective merits and drawbacks of these two methods obtained in this paper provided underlying insights to guide the practical application of the kinematic calibration for PMs.展开更多
Paroxysmal dyskinesias are a group of neurological diseases characterized by intermittent episodes of involuntary movements with different causes.Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia(PKD)is the most common type of paroxy...Paroxysmal dyskinesias are a group of neurological diseases characterized by intermittent episodes of involuntary movements with different causes.Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia(PKD)is the most common type of paroxysmal dyskinesia and can be divided into primary and secondary types based on the etiology.Clinically,PKD is characterized by recurrent and transient attacks of involuntary movements precipitated by a sudden voluntary action.The major cause of primary PKD is genetic abnormalities,and the inheritance pattern of PKD is mainly autosomal-dominant with incomplete penetrance.The proline-rich transmembrane protein 2(PRRT2)was the first identified causative gene of PKD,accounting for the majority of PKD cases worldwide.An increasing number of studies has revealed the clinical and genetic characteristics,as well as the underlying mechanisms of PKD.By seeking the views of domestic experts,we propose an expert consensus regarding the diagnosis and treatment of PKD to help establish standardized clinical evaluation and therapies for PKD.In this consensus,we review the clinical manifestations,etiology,clinical diagnostic criteria and therapeutic recommendations for PKD,and results of genetic analyses in PKD patients performed in domestic hospitals.展开更多
Materials innovation calls for an integrated framework combining physics-based modelling and data-driven informatics.A dislocation-based constitutive model accounting for both transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP)an...Materials innovation calls for an integrated framework combining physics-based modelling and data-driven informatics.A dislocation-based constitutive model accounting for both transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP)and twinning-induced plasticity(TWIP)was built to interpret the mechanical characteristics of metastable titanium alloys.Particular attention was placed on quantitatively understanding the composition-sensitive phase stability and its influence on the underlying deformation mechanism.For this purpose,a pseudoelastic force balance incorporating thermodynamics and micromechanics was applied to calculate the energy landscapes ofβ→α″martensitic transformation,{332}(113)twinning and dislocation slip.Extensive material data were probed,computed and fed to the model.Our results revealed that TRIP and TWIP may operate simultaneously because of the presence of a noticeably overlapped energy domain,and confirmed{332}(113)twinning is an energetically favourable deformation mechanism.The model validation further unveiled that the activation ofβ→α″transition remarkably enhances the strain-hardening and plasticity,even though the dynamically formedα″volume fraction is much less than that of deformation twinning.Our work suggests that the synchronised physical metallurgy and data-driven strategy allows to identify the compositional scenarios for developing high-performance engineering alloys.展开更多
With the ever-growing demand of clean water for the healthy world,water purification has become an urgent global issue.Singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2))as unique non-radical derivative of oxygen,possessing unoccupiedπ*orbita...With the ever-growing demand of clean water for the healthy world,water purification has become an urgent global issue.Singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2))as unique non-radical derivative of oxygen,possessing unoccupiedπ*orbital and exhibiting high selectivity towards electron-rich organic pollutants.Nevertheless,most of the approaches suffer from low-efficiency or biotoxicity,which severely restrict their potential applications.Therefore,in this work,we propose a general strategy via photoelectrocatalytic for selectively reducing oxygen to^(1)O_(2)with designed carbon bridged carbon nitride(CBCN).This work highlights the important role of synergistic photo-electro-catalytic effect for selectively generating the^(1)O_(2)via oxygen reduction pathway,which can be a promising way especially for degrading electron-rich pollutants.展开更多
The present work is focused on developing a novel biomaterial platform to achieve enhanced direct electron transfer (DET) of hemoprotein and higher biosensor performance on vertically aligned carbon hybrid TiO2 nano...The present work is focused on developing a novel biomaterial platform to achieve enhanced direct electron transfer (DET) of hemoprotein and higher biosensor performance on vertically aligned carbon hybrid TiO2 nanotubes (C-TiO2 NTs). Using a simple surfactant-assisted method, controllable hybridization of TiO2 NTs with conductive amorphous carbon species is realized. The obtained C-TiO2 NTs is ingeniously chosen to serve as an ideal "vessel" for protein immobilization and biosensor applications. Results show that the appropriate hybridization of C into TiO2 NTs leads to a much better conductivity of TiO2 NTs without destroying their preponderant tubular structures or damaging their excellent biocompatibility and hydrophilicity. When used in loading proteins, the C-TiO2 NTs can be used as a super vessel for rapid and substantive immobilization of hemoglobin (Hb), with a large surface electroactive Hb coverage (I*) of 3.3 × 10 9 mol·cm^-2. Enhanced DET of Hb is commendably observed on the constructed Hb/C-TiO2 NTs biosensor with a couple of well-defined redox peaks in a fast electron transfer process. The biosensor further exhibits fast response, high sensitivity and stability for the amperometric biosensing of H202 with the detection limit as low as 3.1 × 10^-8 mol/L.展开更多
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31171654)National High-tech R&D Program(863 Program)of China(2011AA100805-2).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32070242)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0907900)+7 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.KQTD2016113010482651)special funds for science technology innovation and industrial development of Shenzhen Dapeng New District(Grant No.RC201901-05 and Grant No.PT201901-19)the Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China(Grant No.2020M672904)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund of Guangdong(Grant No.2020A1515110912)the Science,Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality of China(ZDSYS 20200811142605017)support from the Center for Bioenergy Innovation,a U.S.Department of Energy(DOE)Bioenergy Research Center supported by the Biological and Environmental Research(BER)programOak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle,LLC,for the U.S.Department of Energy under Contract Number DE-AC05-00OR22725support from the Scientific Research Foundation of Fairy Lake Botanical Garden No.2020-04.
文摘Crassulacean acid metabolism(CAM)has high water-use efficiency(WUE)and is widely recognized to have evolved from C3 photosynthesis.Different plant lineages have convergently evolved CAM,but the molecular mechanism that underlies C3-to-CAM evolution remains to be clarified.Platycerium bifurcatum(elkhorn fern)provides an opportunity to study the molecular changes underlying the transition from C3 to CAM photosynthesis because both modes of photosynthesis occur in this species,with sporotrophophyll leaves(SLs)and cover leaves(CLs)performing C3 and weak CAM photosynthesis,respectively.Here,we report that the physiological and biochemical attributes of CAM in weak CAM-performing CLs differed from those in strong CAM species.We investigated the diel dynamics of the metabolome,proteome,and transcriptome in these dimorphic leaves within the same genetic background and under identical environmental conditions.We found that multi-omic diel dynamics in P.bifurcatum exhibit both tissue and diel effects.Our analysis revealed temporal rewiring of biochemistry relevant to the energy-producing pathway(TCA cycle),CAM pathway,and stomatal movement in CLs compared with SLs.We also confirmed that PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE KINASE(PPCK)exhibits convergence in gene expression among highly divergent CAM lineages.Gene regulatory network analysis identified candidate transcription factors regulating the CAM pathway and stomatal movement.Taken together,our results provide new insights into weak CAM photosynthesis and new avenues for CAM bioengineering.
基金funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22076142,21677106,22076140)National Key Basic Research Program of China (No.2017YFA0403402)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.U1932119)the Science & Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (No.14DZ2261100)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) are effective and environmentally friendly for the treatment of refractory organic pollutants.Among EAOPs,heterogeneous electro-Fenton (EF) process with in-situ formation of hydrogen peroxide (H_(2)O_(2)) is an eco-friendly,cost-effective and easy-operable technology to generate hydroxyl radicals (;OH) with high redox potential.The generation of;OH is determined by the synergistic H_(2)O_(2)formation and activation.The surface catalytic mechanisms for H_(2)O_(2)activation in the heterogeneous EF process were discussed.Some required features such as heteroatom doping and oxygen groups for H_(2)O_(2)formation via selective two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with carbonaceous electrode are summarized.The solid Fenton catalysts and integrated functional cathodes that widely used in heterogeneous EF for wastewater treatment are grouped into few classes.And the brief discussion on catalytic activity and stability of materials over different experimental conditions are given.In addition,the application of heterogeneous EF process on the remediation of emerging contaminants is provided.The challenges and future prospects of the heterogeneous EF processes about catalytic fall-off and multi-step/complex techniques for water purification are emphasized.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51905021)。
文摘Compared with serial mechanisms, the parallel mechanism(PM) theoretically exhibited higher positioning accuracy, dynamic performance, strength-to-weight ratio, and lower manufacturing cost, but they had not been widely used in the practical application. One key issue, positioning accuracy, which directly affected their performance and was greatly influenced by the errors of kinematic structure parameters was analyzed. To effectively enhance the positioning precision of PMs, a novel modeless kinematic calibration method, namely the split calibration, was presented and its compensation effect of the positioning error was comprehensively compared with that of an integrated method on two different types of PMs. A strange phenomenon-correct and incorrect identified results were derived from two different PMs by the same integrated method, respectivelywhich had not been reported yet was discovered, and the origin of it was revealed utilizing numerical simulations. Finally, respective merits and drawbacks of these two methods obtained in this paper provided underlying insights to guide the practical application of the kinematic calibration for PMs.
文摘Paroxysmal dyskinesias are a group of neurological diseases characterized by intermittent episodes of involuntary movements with different causes.Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia(PKD)is the most common type of paroxysmal dyskinesia and can be divided into primary and secondary types based on the etiology.Clinically,PKD is characterized by recurrent and transient attacks of involuntary movements precipitated by a sudden voluntary action.The major cause of primary PKD is genetic abnormalities,and the inheritance pattern of PKD is mainly autosomal-dominant with incomplete penetrance.The proline-rich transmembrane protein 2(PRRT2)was the first identified causative gene of PKD,accounting for the majority of PKD cases worldwide.An increasing number of studies has revealed the clinical and genetic characteristics,as well as the underlying mechanisms of PKD.By seeking the views of domestic experts,we propose an expert consensus regarding the diagnosis and treatment of PKD to help establish standardized clinical evaluation and therapies for PKD.In this consensus,we review the clinical manifestations,etiology,clinical diagnostic criteria and therapeutic recommendations for PKD,and results of genetic analyses in PKD patients performed in domestic hospitals.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge Rolls-Royce plc for their continuing support through the Solid Mechanics University Technology Centre at the University of Oxford.X.Q.L.acknowledges the Swedish Research Council(grant agreement no.2020-03736)N.P.acknowledges the UK Royal Academy of Engineering for Chair Sponsorship.
文摘Materials innovation calls for an integrated framework combining physics-based modelling and data-driven informatics.A dislocation-based constitutive model accounting for both transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP)and twinning-induced plasticity(TWIP)was built to interpret the mechanical characteristics of metastable titanium alloys.Particular attention was placed on quantitatively understanding the composition-sensitive phase stability and its influence on the underlying deformation mechanism.For this purpose,a pseudoelastic force balance incorporating thermodynamics and micromechanics was applied to calculate the energy landscapes ofβ→α″martensitic transformation,{332}(113)twinning and dislocation slip.Extensive material data were probed,computed and fed to the model.Our results revealed that TRIP and TWIP may operate simultaneously because of the presence of a noticeably overlapped energy domain,and confirmed{332}(113)twinning is an energetically favourable deformation mechanism.The model validation further unveiled that the activation ofβ→α″transition remarkably enhances the strain-hardening and plasticity,even though the dynamically formedα″volume fraction is much less than that of deformation twinning.Our work suggests that the synchronised physical metallurgy and data-driven strategy allows to identify the compositional scenarios for developing high-performance engineering alloys.
基金funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22076142,21677106,22076140)National Key Basic Research Program of China(No.2017YFA0403402)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1932119)the Science&Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.14DZ2261100)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘With the ever-growing demand of clean water for the healthy world,water purification has become an urgent global issue.Singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2))as unique non-radical derivative of oxygen,possessing unoccupiedπ*orbital and exhibiting high selectivity towards electron-rich organic pollutants.Nevertheless,most of the approaches suffer from low-efficiency or biotoxicity,which severely restrict their potential applications.Therefore,in this work,we propose a general strategy via photoelectrocatalytic for selectively reducing oxygen to^(1)O_(2)with designed carbon bridged carbon nitride(CBCN).This work highlights the important role of synergistic photo-electro-catalytic effect for selectively generating the^(1)O_(2)via oxygen reduction pathway,which can be a promising way especially for degrading electron-rich pollutants.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,NSFC Research Fund for International Young Scientists,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘The present work is focused on developing a novel biomaterial platform to achieve enhanced direct electron transfer (DET) of hemoprotein and higher biosensor performance on vertically aligned carbon hybrid TiO2 nanotubes (C-TiO2 NTs). Using a simple surfactant-assisted method, controllable hybridization of TiO2 NTs with conductive amorphous carbon species is realized. The obtained C-TiO2 NTs is ingeniously chosen to serve as an ideal "vessel" for protein immobilization and biosensor applications. Results show that the appropriate hybridization of C into TiO2 NTs leads to a much better conductivity of TiO2 NTs without destroying their preponderant tubular structures or damaging their excellent biocompatibility and hydrophilicity. When used in loading proteins, the C-TiO2 NTs can be used as a super vessel for rapid and substantive immobilization of hemoglobin (Hb), with a large surface electroactive Hb coverage (I*) of 3.3 × 10 9 mol·cm^-2. Enhanced DET of Hb is commendably observed on the constructed Hb/C-TiO2 NTs biosensor with a couple of well-defined redox peaks in a fast electron transfer process. The biosensor further exhibits fast response, high sensitivity and stability for the amperometric biosensing of H202 with the detection limit as low as 3.1 × 10^-8 mol/L.