Optimization of genistein solubilization byκ-carrageenan hydrogel using response surface methodology

κ-Carrageenan was explored to improve genistein solubility by matrix retention.The corresponding maximum value in the efficiency of retention(Re)(50.48 mg/100 mg)was achieved when variables were set as:pH 4.76,temperature 52.12◦C and genistein concentration 0.27 mg/mL.The coefficient of determination(R2)of the response surface regression model presented in this study was 0.9848.The evidences from XRD,DSC and FT-IR attested the amorphous form of genistein in hydrogel matrix.Importantly,the solubility of genistein in hydrogel amorphous form(16.84–34.42g/mL)was much higher than that of its free crystalline form(1.89–6.09g/mL)over 30–90◦C.©2013 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.

Diel dynamics of multi-omics in elkhorn fern provide new insights into weak CAM photosynthesis

Crassulacean acid metabolism(CAM)has high water-use efficiency(WUE)and is widely recognized to have evolved from C3 photosynthesis.Different plant lineages have convergently evolved CAM,but the molecular mechanism that underlies C3-to-CAM evolution remains to be clarified.Platycerium bifurcatum(elkhorn fern)provides an opportunity to study the molecular changes underlying the transition from C3 to CAM photosynthesis because both modes of photosynthesis occur in this species,with sporotrophophyll leaves(SLs)and cover leaves(CLs)performing C3 and weak CAM photosynthesis,respectively.Here,we report that the physiological and biochemical attributes of CAM in weak CAM-performing CLs differed from those in strong CAM species.We investigated the diel dynamics of the metabolome,proteome,and transcriptome in these dimorphic leaves within the same genetic background and under identical environmental conditions.We found that multi-omic diel dynamics in P.bifurcatum exhibit both tissue and diel effects.Our analysis revealed temporal rewiring of biochemistry relevant to the energy-producing pathway(TCA cycle),CAM pathway,and stomatal movement in CLs compared with SLs.We also confirmed that PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE KINASE(PPCK)exhibits convergence in gene expression among highly divergent CAM lineages.Gene regulatory network analysis identified candidate transcription factors regulating the CAM pathway and stomatal movement.Taken together,our results provide new insights into weak CAM photosynthesis and new avenues for CAM bioengineering.

祖先性状重建法揭示铁线蕨属植物孢子表面纹饰的形态多样性及其演化

蕨类植物孢子表面的纹饰形态复杂多样,在分类学和古生物学研究中具有重要意义,目前探索祖先性状演化常用形态学与系统发育学结合的方法。本文选取一回羽叶铁线蕨类植物为材料,用扫描电子显微镜观察其孢子形态,用5个叶绿体基因序列构建系统树,用最大似然法和最大简约法来分析孢子性状的演化。结果表明:一回羽叶铁线蕨类的孢子纹饰有5种类型,即光滑、粗糙、颗粒、疣状及瘤状;这一类群的祖先孢子纹饰有很大的可能是瘤状纹饰;疣状纹饰可能是由瘤状纹饰演化而来;孢子纹饰由简单向复杂演化,越进化的物种其孢子纹饰越复杂。

Recent advances and trends of heterogeneous electro-Fenton process for wastewater treatment-review

Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) are effective and environmentally friendly for the treatment of refractory organic pollutants.Among EAOPs,heterogeneous electro-Fenton (EF) process with in-situ formation of hydrogen peroxide (H_(2)O_(2)) is an eco-friendly,cost-effective and easy-operable technology to generate hydroxyl radicals (;OH) with high redox potential.The generation of;OH is determined by the synergistic H_(2)O_(2)formation and activation.The surface catalytic mechanisms for H_(2)O_(2)activation in the heterogeneous EF process were discussed.Some required features such as heteroatom doping and oxygen groups for H_(2)O_(2)formation via selective two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with carbonaceous electrode are summarized.The solid Fenton catalysts and integrated functional cathodes that widely used in heterogeneous EF for wastewater treatment are grouped into few classes.And the brief discussion on catalytic activity and stability of materials over different experimental conditions are given.In addition,the application of heterogeneous EF process on the remediation of emerging contaminants is provided.The challenges and future prospects of the heterogeneous EF processes about catalytic fall-off and multi-step/complex techniques for water purification are emphasized.

Positioning error compensation for parallel mechanism with two kinematic calibration methods

Compared with serial mechanisms, the parallel mechanism(PM) theoretically exhibited higher positioning accuracy, dynamic performance, strength-to-weight ratio, and lower manufacturing cost, but they had not been widely used in the practical application. One key issue, positioning accuracy, which directly affected their performance and was greatly influenced by the errors of kinematic structure parameters was analyzed. To effectively enhance the positioning precision of PMs, a novel modeless kinematic calibration method, namely the split calibration, was presented and its compensation effect of the positioning error was comprehensively compared with that of an integrated method on two different types of PMs. A strange phenomenon-correct and incorrect identified results were derived from two different PMs by the same integrated method, respectivelywhich had not been reported yet was discovered, and the origin of it was revealed utilizing numerical simulations. Finally, respective merits and drawbacks of these two methods obtained in this paper provided underlying insights to guide the practical application of the kinematic calibration for PMs.

Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of paroxysmal kinesigemc dyskinesia: an expert consensus in China

Paroxysmal dyskinesias are a group of neurological diseases characterized by intermittent episodes of involuntary movements with different causes.Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia(PKD)is the most common type of paroxysmal dyskinesia and can be divided into primary and secondary types based on the etiology.Clinically,PKD is characterized by recurrent and transient attacks of involuntary movements precipitated by a sudden voluntary action.The major cause of primary PKD is genetic abnormalities,and the inheritance pattern of PKD is mainly autosomal-dominant with incomplete penetrance.The proline-rich transmembrane protein 2(PRRT2)was the first identified causative gene of PKD,accounting for the majority of PKD cases worldwide.An increasing number of studies has revealed the clinical and genetic characteristics,as well as the underlying mechanisms of PKD.By seeking the views of domestic experts,we propose an expert consensus regarding the diagnosis and treatment of PKD to help establish standardized clinical evaluation and therapies for PKD.In this consensus,we review the clinical manifestations,etiology,clinical diagnostic criteria and therapeutic recommendations for PKD,and results of genetic analyses in PKD patients performed in domestic hospitals.

Materials information and mechanical response of TRIP/TWIP Ti alloys

Materials innovation calls for an integrated framework combining physics-based modelling and data-driven informatics.A dislocation-based constitutive model accounting for both transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP)and twinning-induced plasticity(TWIP)was built to interpret the mechanical characteristics of metastable titanium alloys.Particular attention was placed on quantitatively understanding the composition-sensitive phase stability and its influence on the underlying deformation mechanism.For this purpose,a pseudoelastic force balance incorporating thermodynamics and micromechanics was applied to calculate the energy landscapes ofβ→α″martensitic transformation,{332}(113)twinning and dislocation slip.Extensive material data were probed,computed and fed to the model.Our results revealed that TRIP and TWIP may operate simultaneously because of the presence of a noticeably overlapped energy domain,and confirmed{332}(113)twinning is an energetically favourable deformation mechanism.The model validation further unveiled that the activation ofβ→α″transition remarkably enhances the strain-hardening and plasticity,even though the dynamically formedα″volume fraction is much less than that of deformation twinning.Our work suggests that the synchronised physical metallurgy and data-driven strategy allows to identify the compositional scenarios for developing high-performance engineering alloys.

A general strategy via photoelectrocatalytic oxygen reduction for generating singlet oxygen with carbon bridged carbon-nitride electrode

With the ever-growing demand of clean water for the healthy world,water purification has become an urgent global issue.Singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2))as unique non-radical derivative of oxygen,possessing unoccupiedπ*orbital and exhibiting high selectivity towards electron-rich organic pollutants.Nevertheless,most of the approaches suffer from low-efficiency or biotoxicity,which severely restrict their potential applications.Therefore,in this work,we propose a general strategy via photoelectrocatalytic for selectively reducing oxygen to^(1)O_(2)with designed carbon bridged carbon nitride(CBCN).This work highlights the important role of synergistic photo-electro-catalytic effect for selectively generating the^(1)O_(2)via oxygen reduction pathway,which can be a promising way especially for degrading electron-rich pollutants.

Direct Electrochemistry of Hemoglobin on Vertically Aligned Carbon Hybrid TiO2 Nanotubes and Its Highly Sensitive Biosensor Performance

The present work is focused on developing a novel biomaterial platform to achieve enhanced direct electron transfer （DET） of hemoprotein and higher biosensor performance on vertically aligned carbon hybrid TiO2 nanotubes （C-TiO2 NTs）. Using a simple surfactant-assisted method, controllable hybridization of TiO2 NTs with conductive amorphous carbon species is realized. The obtained C-TiO2 NTs is ingeniously chosen to serve as an ideal ＂vessel＂ for protein immobilization and biosensor applications. Results show that the appropriate hybridization of C into TiO2 NTs leads to a much better conductivity of TiO2 NTs without destroying their preponderant tubular structures or damaging their excellent biocompatibility and hydrophilicity. When used in loading proteins, the C-TiO2 NTs can be used as a super vessel for rapid and substantive immobilization of hemoglobin （Hb）, with a large surface electroactive Hb coverage （I＊） of 3.3 × 10 9 mol·cm^-2. Enhanced DET of Hb is commendably observed on the constructed Hb/C-TiO2 NTs biosensor with a couple of well-defined redox peaks in a fast electron transfer process. The biosensor further exhibits fast response, high sensitivity and stability for the amperometric biosensing of H202 with the detection limit as low as 3.1 × 10^-8 mol/L.