Using a New Auxiliary Equation to Construct Abundant Solutions for Nonlinear Evolution Equations

In this paper, a new auxiliary equation method is proposed. Combined with the mapping method, abundant periodic wave solutions for generalized Klein-Gordon equation and Benjamin equation are obtained. They are new types of periodic wave solutions which are rarely found in previous studies. As m → 0 and m → 1, some new types of trigonometric solutions and solitary solutions are also obtained correspondingly. This method is promising for constructing abundant periodic wave solutions and solitary solutions of nonlinear evolution equations (NLEEs) in mathematical physics.

Porous Carbon from Corn Flour Prepared by H₃PO₄Carbonization Combined with KOH Activation for Supercapacitors

Hierarchical porous activated carbon is a superior material in manufacturing supercapacitors. However, the hierarchical porous structure is hard to obtain from a single activation method. This work was carried out with the anticipation of producing activated carbon by reactivating corn flour with KOH. By employing the electrodes, the supercapacitor demonstrated a high discharge capacitance (151.2 F·g-1 at 1 A·g-1), and the specific capacitance is with 3.7 times more capacitance than the activated carbon only through H3PO4 activation. The mechanism of improving the electrical performance has been discussed through performing SEM, XRD, EIS, and Raman analysis. The hierarchical porous and disordered structure emerge smaller charge transfer resistance, and fast electron transfer.

Using Riccati Equation to Construct New Solitary Solutions of Nonlinear Difference Differential Equations

In this paper, we use Riccati equation to construct new solitary wave solutions of the nonlinear evolution equations (NLEEs). Through the new function transformation, the Riccati equation is solved, and many new solitary wave solutions are obtained. Then it is substituted into the (2 + 1)-dimensional BLMP equation and (2 + 1)-dimensional KDV equation as an auxiliary equation. Many types of solitary wave solutions are obtained by choosing different coefficient p1 and q1 in the Riccati equation, and some of them have not been found in other documents. These solutions that we obtained in this paper will be helpful to understand the physics of the NLEEs.

Experimental study of density gradient-driven micro-instabilities and the confinement degradation during H-mode in EAST

A broadband(BB)mode is observed by collective Thomson scattering diagnostics in repeatable shots of EAST and analyzed for the first time.This BB mode usually grows during L–H transitions,featuring a BB quasi-coherent mode with increasing frequency.During H-mode operations,it is characterized by steady-state BB in the high-frequency range(f~200–2000 k Hz),at the electron scale(k_(θ)ρ_(s)=1–2),mainly driven by the density gradient,and is sensitive to the value ofηein the region of interest(ρ=0.4–0.8),wherehe=(R/L_(Te))/(R/L_(ne))is the ratio of the normalized electron temperature gradient and density gradient,and the regionρ=0.4–0.8 usually has a relatively low collisionality(v_(eff)<5).The frequency of BB is found to be dependent on the electron temperature and density gradient,which is a typical feature of electron-driven turbulence.A negative correlation between the energy confinement and the intensity of the BB turbulence during H-mode has been found,which indicates a strong electron thermal transport induced by the BB turbulence.The BB significantly decreases the electron temperature and causes flatter electron temperature profiles in the region of interest(ρ=0.4–0.8),thus makingηedecrease and the BB destabilize further.These characteristics of BB are related to the theoretical density gradient-driven trapped electron mode.It should be noted that this mode is not observed by other diagnostics in EAST,and shows very different features to the coherent modes in the edge.

A Binder-Free Amorphous Manganese Dioxide for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Battery

Aqueous zinc-ion battery has attracted much attention due to its low price, high safety, and high theoretical specific capacity. However, most of their performances are limited by the unsatisfied architecture of cathodes. Herein, we fabricated amorphous manganese dioxide by an in situ deposition method. The amorphous manganese dioxide can directly serve as the cathode of an aqueous zinc-ion battery without a binder. The resultant cathode exhibits a high specific capacity of 133.9 mAh/g at 200 mA/g and a capacity retention of 82% over 50 cycles at 1 A/g.

MnO₂Nanosheets Anchored on a Biomass-Derived Porous Carbon for High-Performance Supercapacitors

Considering the great potential of composite electrode with carbon and transition metal oxides as a future ideal form of electrode for future energy storing system, many efforts have been devoted into such aspect of research. Sweet potato-derived carbon framework with nanosheet form of MnO2 anchored on it was carried out through the low-temperature solution grown technique, which is simple, low-cost, and applicable for large-scale commercial production. Such form of composite electrode can facilitate the inner transportation of electrons and ions, and offer high specific capacitance (309 F/g at 0.5 A/g) with comparable discharging rate capability (94 F/g at 20 A/g), which reasonably can be regarded as a superior form of composite electrode.

Chemical constituents from leaves of Jatropha curcas

Objective:To investigate the chemical constituents from the leaves of Jatropha curcas and evaluate their inhibition on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-activated BV-2 microglia cells.Methods:The n-BuOH extract of the leaves of J.curcas was isolated by macroporous adsorption resin,silica gel,ODS,column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC.The structures of the compounds were identified by MS,NMR,ECD,and other spectroscopic methods.In addition,anti-neuroinflammatory effects of isolated compounds were evaluated by measuring the production of nitric oxide(NO)in overactivated BV-2 cells.Results:Seventeen compounds,including(7R,8S)-crataegifin A-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(1),(8R,8’R)-arctigenin(2),arctigenin-4’-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(3),(-)-syringaresinol(4),syringaresinol-4’-O-β-Dglucopyranoside(5),(-)-pinoresinol(6),pinoresinol-4’-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(7),buddlenol D(8),(2R,3R)-dihydroquercetin(9),(2S,3S)-epicatechin(10),(2R,3S)-catechin(11),isovitexin(12),naringenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(13),chamaejasmin(14),neochamaejasmin B(15),isoneochamaejasmin A(16),and tomentin-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(17)were isolated and identified.Compounds 2,4and 8 significantly inhibited the release of NO in BV-2 microglia activated by LPS,with IC50values of18.34,29.33 and 26.30μmol/L,respectively.Conclusion:Compound 1 is a novel compound,and compounds 2,3,8,14–17 are isolated from Jatropha genus for the first time.In addition,the lignans significantly inhibited NO release and the inhibitory activity was decreased after glycosylation.

Knockdown of LjALD1, AGD2‐like defense response protein 1, influences plant growth and nodulation in Lotus japonicus

The discovery of the enzyme L,L‐diaminopimelate aminotransferase（LL‐DAP‐AT, EC 2.6.1.83） uncovered a unique step in the L‐lysine biosynthesis pathway in plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana, LL‐DAP‐AT has been shown to play a key role in plant‐pathogen interactions by regulation of the salicylic acid（SA） signaling pathway. Here, a full‐length cDNA of LL‐DAP‐AT named as LjALD1 from Lotus japonicus（Regel）Larsen was isolated. The deduced amino acid sequence shares 67% identity with the Arabidopsis aminotransferase AGD2‐LIKE DEFENSE RESPONSE PROTEIN1（AtALD1） and is predicted to contain the same key elements： a conserved aminotransferase domain and a pyridoxal‐5＇‐phosphate cofactor binding site.Quantitative real‐time PCR analysis showed that LjALD1 was expressed in all L. japonicus tissues tested, being strongest in nodules. Expression was induced in roots that had been infected with the symbiotic rhizobium Mesorhizobium loti or treated with SA agonist benzo‐（1, 2, 3）‐thiadiazole‐7‐carbothioic Researchacid. LjALD1 Knockdown exhibited a lower SA content, an increased number of infection threads and nodules, and a slight reduction in nodule size. In addition, compared with wild‐type,root growth was increased and shoot growth was suppressed in LjALD1 RNAi plant lines. These results indicate that LjALD1 may play important roles in plant development and nodulation via SA signaling in L. japonicus.