Back contact interfacial modification mechanism in highly-efficient antimony selenide thin-film solar cells

Antimony selenide(Sb_(2)Se_(3))is a potential photovoltaic(PV)material for next-generation solar cells and has achieved great development in the last several years.The properties of Sb_(2)Se_(3)absorber and back contact influence the PV performances of Sb_(2)Se_(3)solar cells.Hence,optimization of back contact characteristics and absorber orientation are crucial steps in raising the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of Sb_(2)Se_(3)solar cells.In this work,MoO2was introduced as an intermediate layer(IL)in Sb_(2)Se_(3)solar cells,and comparative investigations were conducted.The growth of(211)-oriented Sb_(2)Se_(3)with large grains was facilitated by introducing the MoO2IL with suitable thickness.The MoO2IL substantially lowered the back contact barrier and prevented the formation of voids at the back contact,which reduced the thickness of the MoSe2interface layer,inhibited carrier recombination,and minimized bulk and interfacial defects in devices.Subsequently,significant optimization enhanced the open-circuit voltage(VOC)of solar cells from 0.481 V to 0.487 V,short-circuit current density(JSC)from 23.81 m A/cm^(2)to 29.29 m A/cm^(2),and fill factor from 50.28%to 57.10%,which boosted the PCE from 5.75%to 8.14%.

基于机器视觉的自动插件系统设计与研究

以SCARA机器人、机械夹爪、摄像机CCD为硬件基础,搭建了基于单目视觉的SCARA机器人自动识别和定位插件系统平台,并利用摄像机参数标定和建立的抓取系统参数化模型,将CCD摄像机获取的工件图像坐标信息转化为机器人坐标系下的抓取位置信息。本系统以Visual studio软件为开发平台,利用Open CV视觉数据库函数进行颜色识别与定位算法开发,经测试,该视觉算法能够实现工件的颜色识别和获取工件的位置信息,并控制机器人夹爪进行目标工件的精确抓取,满足了一般工业生产中抓取工件实时性的要求。

低温变性下复合PCR技术及其应用

低温变性下复合PCR(co-amplification at lower denaturation temperature-polymerase chain reaction,COLDPCR)是一种在高丰度野生型序列背景下选择性变性和扩增低丰度突变型序列的方法,可将突变型序列富集10~100倍。基于突变片段Tm值的改变和异源双链DNA分子的形成,COLD-PCR可富集扩增片段中所有类型和位置的突变,也可富集未知突变,具有敏感、特异、精确、廉价和易操作等优点。COLD-PCR及其衍生方法被应用于肿瘤、微生物、产前筛查和动植物等领域,对疾病的早期诊断、病程和治疗监控、药物选择、预后判断和植物育种等均有积极的作用。本文就COLD-PCR的原理、关键技术、衍生方法及其应用进行综述。

Convection-Diffusion Model for Radon Migration in a Three-Dimensional Confined Space in Turbulent Conditions

Convection and diffusion are the main factors affecting radon migration.In this paper,a coupled diffusion-convection radon migration model is presented taking into account turbulence effects.In particular,the migration of radon is simulated in the framework of the k-εturbulence model.The model equations are solved in a complex 3D domain by the finite element method(FEM).Special attention is paid to the case study about radon migration in an abandoned air defense shelter(AADS).The results show that air convection in a confined space has a great influence on the radon migration and the radon concentration is inversely proportional to the wind speed.

Review on Mould Contamination and Hygrothermal Effect in Indoor Environment

Mould is an important factor which affects building environment and indoor air quality. Firstly, a variety of damages of mould contamination to human and building are reviewed. Then, the crucial factors of mould growth are analyzed;temperature and humidity are key factors. After that, the indoor mould growth models were analyzed. Heat and moisture transfer in building envelope is a key factor which affects mould growth environment;wall is sensitive to reach the critical condition which leads to mould growth and reproduction, results in contamination.

Patterning Defect Study for Process Integration Engineering Using Pattern Fidelity Monitoring with Review SEM Images

Normally the optical wafer inspection tools are used for advanced process control in high volume manufacturing of semiconductor devices. The SEM Review is done for limited sample of inspection defects to do defect based process characterization. The defect classes that are monitored normally indicate process and random defect issues. There is limited to no information of patterning related issues in real time defect monitor. Moreover, with the objective of process integration engineering of multiple processes it becomes harder to see the evolution of a defect in the line. The Die-to-Database Pattern Monitor (D2DB-PM) solution has addressed this problem. It uses the existing high resolution images from the Review and Metrology tools and compares the pattern shapes with the design reference. This way it captures patterning deviations in real time. Here we report the subtle defect problem encountered in process integration and the results from using the D2DB-PM solution. We found that this approach reduces the workload on CDSEM tools by analyzing SEM Review images instead and the automated reports improves the efficiency of all process teams.

Novel Pattern-Centric Solution for Xtacking^TM AFM Metrology

3D NAND(three-dimensional NAND type)has rapidly become the standard technology for enterprise flash memories,and is also gaining widespread use in other applications.Continued manufacturing process improvements are essential in delivering memory devices with higher I/O performance,higher bit density,and at lower cost.Current 3D NAND technology involves process steps that form array and peripheral CMOS(Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor)regions side-by-side,resulting in waste of silicon real estate and film stress compromises,and limits the paths of making advanced 3D NAND devices.An innovative architecture was invented to overcome these challenges by connecting two wafers electrically through metal VIAs(Vertical Interconnect Access)[1].Highly accurate and efficient metrology is required to monitor VIA interface due to increased process complexity and precision requirements.With the advanced processing of AFM(Atomic Force Microscopy)images,highly accurate and precise measurements have been achieved.An inline pattern-centric metrology solution that is designed for high volume mass production of high-performance 3D NAND is presented in this paper.

Liquid Crystal Based Label-Free Optical Sensors forBiochemical Application

Biochemical sensors have important applications in biology,chemistry,and medicine.Nevertheless,many biochemical sensors are hampered by intricate techniques,cumbersome procedures,and the need for labeling.In the past two decades,it has been discovered that liquid crystals can be used to achieve the optical amplification of biological interactions.By modifying recognition molecules,a variety of label-free biochemical sensors can be created.Consequently,biochemical sensors based on the amplification of liquid crystals have become one of the most promising sensors.This paper describes in detail the optical sensing principle of liquid crystals,sensing devices,and optical detection technologies.Meanwhile,the latest research findings are elucidated.Finally,the challenges and future research directions are discussed.

共掺杂策略协同激活阴离子氧化还原构建高容量钠离子电池层状氧化物阴极材料

作为锂离子电池的潜在替代品,钠离子电池由于成本、安全性等方面的优势吸引了广泛关注.但如何进一步提高其正极材料的能量密度仍是挑战,而通过激活阴离子氧化还原提供额外容量是一种可行的策略.本文报告了一种高性能锰基氧化物正极材料,Na_(0.67)Mg_(0.1)Zn_(0.1)Mn_(0.8)O_(2)(NMZMO).通过共掺杂策略协同激活阴离子氧化还原,此材料首圈可以放出~233 mAh g^(-1)的超高容量,明显高于Mg或Zn单掺杂的同类材料.综合多种光谱技术,作者证明了更高的容量源于更强的阴离子氧化还原活性.结合中子全散射以及共振非弹性X射线散射发现,Mg与Zn在高电压下会向面外迁移至四面体位点,诱导面内重排形成空位团簇,将氧阴离子以分子O_(2)的形式困于其中.Mg/Zn共存时,刺激了彼此更多的向面外迁移,为形成更多晶内分子O_(2)提供先决条件.本文提出了关于阴离子氧化还原的新见解,并为高容量钠电正极材料的开发提供了理论依据.

Melatonin enhances radiofrequency-induced NK antitumor immunity,causing cancer metabolism reprogramming and inhibition of multiple pulmonary tumor development

Surgery is the comm on treatme nt for early lung cancer with multiple pulm onary no dules,but it is often accompanied by the problem of significant malignancy of other nodules in non-therapeutic areas.In this study,we found that a combined treatment of local rad iofreq ue ncy ablati on(RFA)and melatonin(MLT)greatly improved clinical outcomes for early lung cancer patie nts with multiple pulmonary nodules by minimizing lung function injury and reducing the probability of malignant transformation or enlargement of nodules in non-ablated areas.Mechanically,as demonstrated in an associated mouse lung tumor model,RFA not only effectively remove treated tumors but also stimulate antitumor immunity,which could inhibit tumor growth in non-ablated areas.MLT enhanced RFA-stimulated NK activity and exerted synergistic antitumor effects with RFA.Transcriptomics and proteomics analyses of residual tumor tissues revealed enhanced oxidative phosphorylation and reduced acidification as well as hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment,which suggests reprogrammed tumor metabolism after combined treatment with RFA and MLT.Analysis of residual tumor further revealed the depressed activity of MAPK,NF-kappa B,Wnt,and Hedgehog pathways and upregulated P53 pathway in tumors,which was in line with the inhibited tumor growth.Combined RFA and MLT treatment also reversed the Warburg effect and decreased tumor malignancy.These findings thus demonstrated that combined treatment of RFA and MLT effectively inhibited the malignancy of non-ablated nodules and provided an innovative non-invasive strategy for treating early lung tumors with multiple pulmonary nodules.Trial registration:www.chictr.org.cn,identifier ChiCTR2100042695,http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=120931.

DEM simulations of tote blenders for enhanced axial mixing efficiency

The mixing performance of a multi-bladed tote blender is investigated using a graphics processing unit-based discrete element method program.The positioning,dimensions,and applicability of the baffles are systematically studied according to the axial mixing efficiency.The results indicate that the novel inclined multi-bladed baffles can break the symmetrical axial granular flow and introduce a more efficient convective flow into the granular mixing in the axial direction of the tote blender.Owing to the joint effects of convective mixing and asymmetrical granular flow,the axial mixing efficiency is increased by a factor of nearly 20.More importantly,the novel baffle placement approach exhibits excellent applicability to different operating conditions,particle shapes,and blender sizes.Additionally,the inclined baffles can prevent the segregation caused by shape discrepancies and improve the mixing homogeneity in the steady state.The novel baffle design is promising for applications in more complex industrial blenders for achieving a high axial mixing efficiency.