Treatment outcomes of acute leukemia(AL) have not improved over the past several decades and relapse rates remain high despite the availability of aggressive therapies. Conventional relapsed leukemia treatment include...Treatment outcomes of acute leukemia(AL) have not improved over the past several decades and relapse rates remain high despite the availability of aggressive therapies. Conventional relapsed leukemia treatment includes second allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT) and donor lymphocyte infusion(DLI), which in most cases mediate, at best, a modest graft-versus-leukemia effect, although their clinical efficacy is still limited. Although allo-HSCT following myeloablative conditioning is a curative treatment option for younger patients with acute myeloid leukemia(AML) in a first complete remission(CR), allo-HSCT as a clinical treatment is usually limited because of treatment-related toxicity. The overall DLI remission rate is only 15%–42% and 2-year overall survival(OS) is approximately 15%–20%, with a high(40%–60%) incidence of DLI-related graft-versus-host disease(GVHD). Therefore, development of new, targeted treatment strategies for relapsed and refractory AL patients is ongoing. Adoptive transfer of T cells with genetically engineered chimeric antigen receptors(CARs) is an encouraging approach for treating hematological malignancies. These T cells are capable of selectively recognizing tumor-associated antigens and may overcome many limitations of conventional therapies, inducing remission in patients with chemotherapy-refractory or relapsed AL. In this review, we aimed to highlight the current understanding of this promising treatment modality, discussing its adverse effects and efficacy.展开更多
An analytic model for working fluids flowing through capillary tubes has been established with the approximate integral method. All the possible flow regimes in the capillary tubes,including subcooled, two-phase and s...An analytic model for working fluids flowing through capillary tubes has been established with the approximate integral method. All the possible flow regimes in the capillary tubes,including subcooled, two-phase and superheated regimes, are covered in the model, and different analytic solutions are given respectively for each flow regime. As examples, the mass flow rates of refrigerants R12, R134a and R600a through capillary tubes are predicted by the model,and compared with those evaluated by a general distributed-parameter model. The mean bias falls into 1% and the maximum bias is 2.2%, while the computation speed of the new model is more than one order of magnitude higher than that of the distributed-parameter one.展开更多
The fuzzy method is introduced to the calculation of thermal performance of refrigeration compressors. A compound model combining classical thermodynamic theory and fuzzy theory is presented and compared with a simple...The fuzzy method is introduced to the calculation of thermal performance of refrigeration compressors. A compound model combining classical thermodynamic theory and fuzzy theory is presented and compared with a simple fuzzy model without classical thermodynamic fundamentals. Case study of refrigeration compressors shows that the compound fuzzy model and the simple fuzzy model are both more efficient than the classical thermodynamic method. However, the compound fuzzy model is of better precision and adaptability.展开更多
基金supported by the Key New Drug Development and Manufacturing Program of the "Twelfth Five-year Plan" of China (2011ZX09102-001-29)Clinical Application Research of Beijing (Z131107002213148)
文摘Treatment outcomes of acute leukemia(AL) have not improved over the past several decades and relapse rates remain high despite the availability of aggressive therapies. Conventional relapsed leukemia treatment includes second allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT) and donor lymphocyte infusion(DLI), which in most cases mediate, at best, a modest graft-versus-leukemia effect, although their clinical efficacy is still limited. Although allo-HSCT following myeloablative conditioning is a curative treatment option for younger patients with acute myeloid leukemia(AML) in a first complete remission(CR), allo-HSCT as a clinical treatment is usually limited because of treatment-related toxicity. The overall DLI remission rate is only 15%–42% and 2-year overall survival(OS) is approximately 15%–20%, with a high(40%–60%) incidence of DLI-related graft-versus-host disease(GVHD). Therefore, development of new, targeted treatment strategies for relapsed and refractory AL patients is ongoing. Adoptive transfer of T cells with genetically engineered chimeric antigen receptors(CARs) is an encouraging approach for treating hematological malignancies. These T cells are capable of selectively recognizing tumor-associated antigens and may overcome many limitations of conventional therapies, inducing remission in patients with chemotherapy-refractory or relapsed AL. In this review, we aimed to highlight the current understanding of this promising treatment modality, discussing its adverse effects and efficacy.
文摘An analytic model for working fluids flowing through capillary tubes has been established with the approximate integral method. All the possible flow regimes in the capillary tubes,including subcooled, two-phase and superheated regimes, are covered in the model, and different analytic solutions are given respectively for each flow regime. As examples, the mass flow rates of refrigerants R12, R134a and R600a through capillary tubes are predicted by the model,and compared with those evaluated by a general distributed-parameter model. The mean bias falls into 1% and the maximum bias is 2.2%, while the computation speed of the new model is more than one order of magnitude higher than that of the distributed-parameter one.
文摘The fuzzy method is introduced to the calculation of thermal performance of refrigeration compressors. A compound model combining classical thermodynamic theory and fuzzy theory is presented and compared with a simple fuzzy model without classical thermodynamic fundamentals. Case study of refrigeration compressors shows that the compound fuzzy model and the simple fuzzy model are both more efficient than the classical thermodynamic method. However, the compound fuzzy model is of better precision and adaptability.
