The value of bone scintigraphy on the determination of the full extent of tumor involvement in jaw bones

目的将有希望地在在颌骨决定肿瘤参与的最大程度上调查骨头 scintigraphy 的价值并且估计转移的存在。这研究有本地道德的委员会赞同的方法，和所有病人给了写的知情同意。有在颌骨的主要恶性瘤的三十七个连续病人为学习被招募。骨头 scintigraphy 在外科前在所有病人被执行测量多骨的参与的最大程度，它与 histologic 调查结果相比。结果全部身体扫描与多重多骨的转移揭示了一个案例。36 个骨头瘤的切除术标本病理地被分析识别每个肿瘤的类型和尺寸。在骨头 scintigraphy 和病理定义的颌骨的肿瘤参与的长度是 5.62 ± 1.58 厘米， 4.48 ± 1.57 厘米，分别地(P 【 0.05 ) 。从移开的标本的肿瘤 negative 边缘病理地根据骨头 scintigraphy 被证实。与是的 histologic 调查结果参考的标准，骨头 scintigraphy 的精确性在在颌骨决定肿瘤参与的最大程度是 100%(36 个病人中的 36 个) 。当完全清除肿瘤房间并且每当可能时，保存功能时，结论骨头 scintigraphy 趋于在决定骨头切除术的适当程度提供特定的指南并且在建立多骨的转移。

SPECT/CT同机融合显像和CT在估测口腔恶性肿瘤侵犯下颌骨范围的应用价值(英文)

Objective: The aim of our study was to compare the value of computed tomography (CT) and 99mTc-methylene-diphosphonate (MDP) SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography)/CT fusion imaging in determining the extent of mandibular invasion by malignant tumor of the oral cavity. Methods: This study had local ethical committee approval, and all patients gave written informed consent. Fifty-three patients were revealed mandibular invasion by malignant tumor of the oral cavity underwent CT and SPECT/CT. The patients were divided into two groups: group A (invasion-periphery-type) and group B (invasion-center-type). Two radiologists assessed the CT images and two nuclear medicine physicians separately assessed the SPECT/CT images in consensus and without knowledge of the results of other imaging tests. The extent of bone involvement suggested with an imaging modality was compared with pathological findings in the surgical specimen. Results: With pathological findings as the standard of reference, Group A: The extent of mandibular invasion by malignant tumor under-went SPECT/CT was 1.02 ± 0.20 cm larger than that underwent pathological findings. And the extent of mandibular invasion underwent CT was 1.42 ± 0.35 cm smaller than that underwent pathological examination. There were significant difference among the three methods (P < 0.01). Group B: The extent of mandibular invasion by malignant tumor underwent SPECT/CT was 1.3 ± 0.39 cm larger than that underwent pathological examination. The extent of mandibular invasion underwent CT was 2.55 ± 1.44 cm smaller than that underwent pathological findings. There were significant difference among the three methods (P < 0.01). The extent of mandibular invasion underwent SPECT/CT was the extent which surgeon must excise to get clear margins. Conclusion: SPECT/CT fusion imaging has significant clinical value in determining the extent of mandibular invasion by malignant tumor of oral cavity.

乳头状甲状腺癌不同临床分期术后大剂量~131I治疗效果的比较分析(英文)

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of 131I therapy of different clinical stages in postoperative patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods: Eighty-seven PTC patients after surgery ablated with high doses of 131I from 2004 to 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. The efficacy of 131I therapy was assessed by three diagnostics that serum thyroglobulin (Tg) was normal or significantly reduced, 131I whole body scan (131I-WBS) was negative or the metastases shrank or the number of them decreased and new metastases was not found in cervical ultrasound examination. The χ2 test was used to analyze 3 factors which might affect the therapeutic efficacy of 131I in patients of different clinical period, including different surgical ways (total or subtotal thyroidectomy along with half or double sides neck lymph node dissection), age (< 45 years and ≥ 45 years) and ablative 131I dose. Results: Of 87 patients, the effective rate of 46 patients I stage was 89.13% (41); the effective rate of 22 cases III stage was 77.27% (17); the effective rate of 19 cases IV stage was 36.84% (7). The corresponding intra-groups statistical difference of 3 stages was significant by χ2 test (χ2 = 1.72, 19.03, 6.87; P > 0.25, P < 0.005, P < 0.01). The effective rate was 91.67% (44) in 48 cases undergoing total thyroidectomy; the effective rate was 53.85% (21) in 39 patients undergoing subtotal thyroidectomy. There was a significant difference between the two groups above by χ2 test (χ2 = 16.291; P < 0.005). Conclusion: The efficacy of 131I ablation of stage I and stage III in postoperative PTC patients was almost alike, while the efficacy of stage IV descended markedly. The results was mainly determined by residual thyroid tissue size because of different surgical modus.

Ligand-regulated unusual nickel clusters: A centrosymmetric dicubane Ni_(8) and a tetrahedral Ni_(10) cluster

Based on the reported Fe clusters constructed by using N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methylglycine (H_5thmmg),herein,we explored the use of H_5 thmmg for Ni chemistry.Successfully,an octanuclear Ni cluster,Ni_(8)O(H_(3)thmmg)_6·2NO_(3)(Ni_(8)) was acquired under solvothermal condition.Its metallic core is comprised of two centrosymmetric cubanes Ni_(4)(μ_(3)-O)_(3)(μ_6-O) linked by sharing an O^(2-)ion and six H_(3)thmmg^(2-) ligands are attached to the periphery.Interestingly,the 2-mercapto-5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole (Hmat) ligand with both N and S donor atoms was introduced into the synthesis of Ni_(8) cluster,a disparate decanuclear nickel cluster,Ni_(10)O(OH)_(2)(H_(3)thmmg)_(4)(mat)_(8)(Ni_(10)) is assembled by H_(3)thmmg^(2-) and mat^(-) mixed ligands.The metal core of Ni_(10)cluster is a pudgy tetrahedron,whose four vertexes are four Ni^(2+)ions and the remanent six Ni^(2+) ions are located in the tetrahedral cavity.Four H_(3)thmmg^(2-) ligands are located at the four vertices of the tetrahedron and 8 mat^(-) ligands are all on the six sides of the tetrahedron.The different synthetic conditions contribute to the different configurations.Magnetic studies indicate that both complexes Ni_(8) and Ni_(10) display antiferromagnetic interactions.

Application and future perspective of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in fruit crops

Fruit crops, including apple, orange, grape,banana, strawberry, watermelon, kiwifruit and tomato, not only provide essential nutrients for human life but also contribute to the major agricultural output and economic growth of many countries and regions in the world. Recent advancements in genome editing provides an unprecedented opportunity for the genetic improvement of these agronomically important fruit crops. Here, we summarize recent reports of applying CRISPR/Cas9 to fruit crops,including efforts to reduce disease susceptibility, change plant architecture or flower morphology, improve fruit quality traits, and increase fruit yield. We discuss challenges facing fruit crops as well as new improvements and platforms that could be used to facilitate genome editing in fruit crops, including d Cas9-base-editing to introduce desirable alleles and heat treatment to increase editing efficiency. In addition, we highlight what we see as potentially revolutionary development ranging from transgene-free genome editing to de novo domestication of wild relatives. Without doubt, we now see only the beginning of what will eventually be possible with the use of the CRISPR/Cas9 toolkit. Efforts to communicate with the public and an emphasis on the manipulation of consumerfriendly traits will be critical to facilitate public acceptance of genetically engineered fruits with this new technology.

An overview of the switching parameter variation of RRAM

Resistive random access memory(RRAM) has been considered as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation nonvolatile memory, due to its advantages of simple device structure, excellent scalability, fast operation speed and low power consumption. Deeply understanding the physical mechanism and effectively controlling the statistical variation of switching parameters are the basis of fostering RRAM into commercial application. In this paper, based on the deep understanding on the mechanism of the formation and rupture of conductive filament, we summarize the methods of analyzing and modeling the statistics of switching parameters such as SET/RESET voltage, current, speed or time. Then, we analyze the distributions of switching parameters and the influencing factors. Additionally, we also sum up the analytical model of resistive switching statistics composed of the cell-based percolation model and SET/RESET switching dynamics. The results of the model can successfully explain the experimental distributions of switching parameters of the Ni O- and Hf O2-based RRAM devices. The model also provides theoretical guide on how to improve the uniformity and reliability such as disturb immunity. Finally, some experimental approaches to improve the uniformity of switching parameters are discussed.

Achieving an electron transfer photochromic complex for switchable white-light emission

Tuning white-light emission via free radicals is still a challenge in molecular-based functional materials.Herein, a new photoactive Zn^(2+) oxalate-based chain containing a polypyridine ligand was designed and synthesized with remarkably bifunctional photochromism and photo-actuated greenish white-light emission after UV, sunlight or Xe lamp light irradiation at room temperature. The photo-actuated coloration process was induced by the photogeneration of stable radicals originated from intermolecular electron transfers from oxalate components to the protonated polypyridine units, as demonstrated by UV–vis, IR,electron spin resonance and X-ray photoelectron spectra and magnetic measurements. Importantly, the on/off greenish white light emission(WLE) could be reversibly switched by generation and elimination of radicals via light irradiation and heat treatment, providing a feasible strategy for designing photoswitchable light emission diodes materials.

Phylogenetic and Expression Analyses of With-No-Lysine Kinase Genes Reveal Novel Gene Family Diversity in Fruit Trees

With-No-Lysine kinases(WNK) have been reported to be associated with plant growth regulation in Arabidopsis, soybean, and rice, but little is known of their roles in fruits. In this study, a total of 114 WNK genes were identified from 8 fruit trees species, and these WNK genes belonged to 2 classes(I and II) that respectively contain 4(A, B, C, D) and 2 groups(E, F). The WNK genes had variable exon-intron structures and were randomly distributed among most chromosomes of each genus. The expression levels of six of the 18 WNK genes in peach were almost undetectable in fruits, suggesting that they may not be associated with fruit development and ripening. Of the other 12 WNK genes, PpWNK.B1 exhibited stronger stability of expression levels than the best reference genes reported previously in fruits from two peach cultivars. These results suggested that PpWNK.B1 could be a reliable reference gene for gene expression studies of peach fruit. Moreover, qRT-PCR assays yielded evidence that when using single reference gene as internal control, mistakes were more possible, indicating that the use of three reference genes is necessary for gene expression studies. Based on the gene expression profiles validated by qRT-PCR, PpWNK.A1 is predicted to likely be involved in fruit ripening, while PpWNK.A2 and PpWNK.E3.1 are likely associated with early fruit development. The present study represented the WNK genes in fruits, and it will be a valuable resource in continuing investigation of gene regulation network during fruit development and ripening.

All-polarization-maintaining figure-eight Er-fiber ultrafast laser with a bidirectional output coupler in the loss-imbalanced nonlinear optical loop mirror

In this Letter, we report on a novel architecture for a self-starting mode-locked figure-eight erbium-doped fiber laser using a loss-imbalanced nonlinear optical loop mirror(NOLM) with a bidirectional output coupler. An allpolarization-maintaining structure is adopted. A 2 × 2 optical coupler with a splitting ratio of 50:50 is used at the junction to form an NOLM. Another coupler with a splitting ratio of 10:90 is introduced at one end of the fiber loop. The 10:90 coupler plays two roles: power attenuator and bidirectional output coupler. This architecture can achieve both large modulation depth and good self-starting ability simultaneously. With this architecture,the self-starting mode-locking operation is achieved easily with pump power above the threshold. The clockwise and counter-clockwise mode-locked output powers are 10.1 and 10.3 mW, respectively, with the repetition rate of 3.63 MHz. The spectral bandwidths of the clockwise and counter-clockwise mode-locked output pulses are 7.4 and 2.9 nm, and the corresponding pulse widths of the direct outputs are 530.6 fs and 1.55 ps, respectively.

Single molecule magnetic behavior and photo-enhanced proton conductivity in a series of photochromic complexes

Molecules with multifunctional properties are of immense interest in hybrid materials, while challenges still existed because of the limited compatibility of multiple functionalities in a single system. In this work, a series of metal-organic complexes were synthesized and characterized under the assembly of electron donor phosphonate, electron acceptor polypyridine ligand and spin carrier rare earth ions. All the compounds exhibited remarkable and reversible responses with photochromism and photomodulated fluorescence, originated from photogenerated radicals via electron transfer from phosphonates to polypyridine ligands. For the Dy analog, slow magnetic relaxation was observed at cryogenic temperature, indicating the single-molecule magnetic behavior. Furthermore, photogenerated radicals could enhance the proton conductive behavior, with about 2 times larger in magnitude after light irradiation for Dy and Y compounds. The introduction of photoluminescence, magnetism and proton conduction into metallic phosphonates can provide potential applications for photochromic materials.