Autism spectrum disorders （ASD） are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders that affect up to 1.5% of population in the world. Recent large scale genomic studies show that genetic causes of ASD are very heterogeneou...Autism spectrum disorders （ASD） are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders that affect up to 1.5% of population in the world. Recent large scale genomic studies show that genetic causes of ASD are very heterogeneous. Gene ontology, pathway analysis and animal model studies have revealed several potential converging mechanisms including postsynaptic dysfunction of excitatory synapses. In this review, we focus on the structural and functional specializations of dendritic spines, and describe their defects in ASD. We use Fragile X syndrome, Rett syndrome and Phe- lan-McDermid syndrome, three of the most studied neurodevelopmental disorders with autism features, as examples to demonstrate the significant contribution made by mouse models towards the understanding of monogenic ASD. We envision that the development and application of new technologies to study the function ofdendritic spines in valid animal models wi l l eventually lead to innovative treatments for ASD.展开更多
背景颞叶癫痫(Temporal lobe epilepsy,TLE)是起源于海马和海马旁(Hippocampal and parahippocampal,HP-PHP)结构的自发性发作.剖自HP-PHP结构中发作传播的机制对于开发特异性的治疗靶点,进而更有效的治疗TLE至关重要.许多研究人员使用...背景颞叶癫痫(Temporal lobe epilepsy,TLE)是起源于海马和海马旁(Hippocampal and parahippocampal,HP-PHP)结构的自发性发作.剖自HP-PHP结构中发作传播的机制对于开发特异性的治疗靶点,进而更有效的治疗TLE至关重要.许多研究人员使用传统的膜片钳分析海马内嗅皮层(Hippocampalentorhinal cortex,HP-EC)脑切片以识别异常环路的发作传播路径.展开更多
文摘Autism spectrum disorders （ASD） are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders that affect up to 1.5% of population in the world. Recent large scale genomic studies show that genetic causes of ASD are very heterogeneous. Gene ontology, pathway analysis and animal model studies have revealed several potential converging mechanisms including postsynaptic dysfunction of excitatory synapses. In this review, we focus on the structural and functional specializations of dendritic spines, and describe their defects in ASD. We use Fragile X syndrome, Rett syndrome and Phe- lan-McDermid syndrome, three of the most studied neurodevelopmental disorders with autism features, as examples to demonstrate the significant contribution made by mouse models towards the understanding of monogenic ASD. We envision that the development and application of new technologies to study the function ofdendritic spines in valid animal models wi l l eventually lead to innovative treatments for ASD.
