A simple“spraying”fluorescence-guided surgery by AIE probes for liver tumor resection through configuration-induced cross-identification

Surgical resection is the preferred option for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),but surgical navigation technology using indocyanine green still has some drawbacks such as non-specific imaging,thus it is very important to develop newfluorescence imaging technology.All-cis hexaphenyl-1,3-butadiene derivative(ZZ-HPB-NC)with aggregation-induced emission(AIE)feature has been reported to be quickly turned-onfluorescent response in the intraoperative frozen-section slides of HCC.However,the probe did not respond to normal liver tissue around HCC.In order to enhance the diagnostic rate and elucidate the response mechanism,all-trans config-uration EE-HPB-NC,was furtherly synthesized.Within two minutes,non-cancer tissues could befluorescently labeled by EE-HPB-NC by spraying,showing the same effect with ZZ-HPB-NC to HCC.The results indicated that the configuration-induced cross-identificationfluorescence imaging strategy was achieved through the combination of ZZ-and EE-HPB-NC.Then the mechanism of HPB-NC localization in HCC lesions was explored,and the binding of HPB-NC with specific proteins in cells resulted in the AIE effect to label HCC cells.On this basis,the accuracy of specificfluorescence imaging for HCC was further verified on the mouse hepatic neoplasm models,indicating that it has clinical application potential for surgicalfluorescence real-time navigation.

Structural Control of the Getang Carlin-Type Gold Deposit in Southwest China

The Getang is a representative Carlin-type gold deposit in Southwest China.It has a proven reserve of about 30 tonnes at an average grade of 5.1 g/t Au.The orebodies occur as strat-abound lenses,and are structurally controlled by shallow NWW-and NE-trending fold-fault systems and the unconformity between the Upper and Middle Permian.In this study,the regional-and deposit-scale structural investigations,joints and finite strain measurements,and stress and dynamic analysis were conducted with an aim to reveal the structural process of the Getang gold deposit and clarify the relationship between the gold mineralization and structures.Three phases of deformation were identified in the deposit:(1)paleokarst was generated by a crustal uplift when the Youjiang Basin experienced extension at the end of the Middle Permian,laying the foundation for the unconformity;(2)the NW-trending structures were formed under a NNE-SSW compression during the Indochina-South China collision(Indosinian orogeny)in Triassic;(3)the NE-trending structures were generated or reactivated under a NW-SE-oriented compression during the Yanshanian intracontinental orogeny.The unconformity recorded two episodes of tectonic evolution in the NNE-SSW and NW-SE directions.Structural analyses and geochronology data suggest that the Getang gold deposit was formed as a result of tectonic transition from compression to extension during the Yanshanian intracontinental orogeny.