2-硝基苯-1,3-二酚合成教学实验的副反应产物探究及科学素养的培育

新时代高等教育的重要任务是将思想政治工作贯穿到整个教育教学过程中。化学学科的实验教学在化学本科培养体系里占据着至关重要的地位。2-硝基苯-1,3-二酚的合成是一个经典的有机化学教学实验,在全国各高校的有机化学实验课程中有着广泛的开展。本文以该教学实验作为案例,记录了实验教学过程中,教师引导学生对实验的副反应产物进行的详细探讨,并在探讨过程中提炼出了课程思政的两个重要要素,即培养科学思维与树立严谨的科学态度,最后对这两个要素在整个本科实验教学体系中的延伸做出了展望。

有机化学实验的副产物分析引导实验创新与科研素养培育——以4-苯基丁-2-酮合成实验为例

用乙酰乙酸乙酯和氯化苄合成4-苯基丁-2-酮是经典的有机化学实验,但该实验的产率仅有20%–30%。本文记录了教师通过引导学生分离实验中的副产物,确定其为2,2-二苄基-3-氧代丁酸乙酯,并分析该副产物产生的原因,进而启发学生创新实验方案将产率提高至57.5%的过程。该教学实践不仅引导学生进行实验创新,而且培养了学生的科研素养。

PIMS:An Efficient Process Integrity Monitoring System Based on Blockchain and Trusted Computing in Cloud-Native Context

With the advantages of lightweight and high resource utilization,cloud-native technology with containers as the core is gradually becoming themainstreamtechnical architecture for information infrastructure.However,malware attacks such as Doki and Symbiote threaten the container runtime’s security.Malware initiates various types of runtime anomalies based on process form(e.g.,modifying the process of a container,and opening the external ports).Fortunately,dynamic monitoring mechanisms have proven to be a feasible solution for verifying the trusted state of containers at runtime.Nevertheless,the current routine dynamic monitoring mechanisms for baseline data protection are still based on strong security assumptions.As a result,the existing dynamicmonitoringmechanismis still not practical enough.To ensure the trustworthiness of the baseline value data and,simultaneously,to achieve the integrity verification of the monitored process,we combine blockchain and trusted computing to propose a process integrity monitoring system named IPMS.Firstly,the hardware TPM 2.0 module is applied to construct a trusted security foundation for the integrity of the process code segment due to its tamper-proof feature.Then,design a new format for storing measurement logs,easily distinguishing files with the same name in different containers from log information.Meanwhile,the baseline value data is stored on the blockchain to avoidmalicious damage.Finally,trusted computing technology is used to perform fine-grained integrity measurement and remote attestation of processes in a container,detect abnormal containers in time and control them.We have implemented a prototype system and performed extensive simulation experiments to test and analyze the functionality and performance of the PIMS.Experimental results show that PIMS can accurately and efficiently detect tampered processes with only 3.57% performance loss to the container.

Different Fertilization Modes of Sugarcane in Latosolic Red Soil of Guangxi

[Objectives] This study aimed to compare the effects of water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation modes and traditional fertilization mode on growth,yield,production costs and economic benefit of sugarcane in latosolic red soil of Guangxi. [Methods]A field test was conducted. [Results] The agronomic traits and comprehensive economic benefit of sugarcane under the water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation modes were superior to those under the traditional fertilization mode. Among them,the comprehensive economic benefit of sugarcane with special granular fertilizer as the base fertilizer and water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation as topdressing were the highest,increased by 15 813 kg/ha,an increase of 15. 8%. Considering the cost input,the comprehensive economic benefit increased by 5 676 yuan/ha. [Conclusions]Taking the production cost,economic benefit and input-output ratio into account,it is recommended to promote the application of water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation mode in bases with water and fertilizer equipment conditions.

Using machine learning algorithms to estimate stand volume growth of Larix and Quercus forests based on national-scale Forest Inventory data in China

Estimating the volume growth of forest ecosystems accurately is important for understanding carbon sequestration and achieving carbon neutrality goals.However,the key environmental factors affecting volume growth differ across various scales and plant functional types.This study was,therefore,conducted to estimate the volume growth of Larix and Quercus forests based on national-scale forestry inventory data in China and its influencing factors using random forest algorithms.The results showed that the model performances of volume growth in natural forests(R^(2)=0.65 for Larix and 0.66 for Quercus,respectively)were better than those in planted forests(R^(2)=0.44 for Larix and 0.40 for Quercus,respectively).In both natural and planted forests,the stand age showed a strong relative importance for volume growth(8.6%–66.2%),while the edaphic and climatic variables had a limited relative importance(<6.0%).The relationship between stand age and volume growth was unimodal in natural forests and linear increase in planted Quercus forests.And the specific locations(i.e.,altitude and aspect)of sampling plots exhibited high relative importance for volume growth in planted forests(4.1%–18.2%).Altitude positively affected volume growth in planted Larix forests but controlled volume growth negatively in planted Quercus forests.Similarly,the effects of other environmental factors on volume growth also differed in both stand origins(planted versus natural)and plant functional types(Larix versus Quercus).These results highlighted that the stand age was the most important predictor for volume growth and there were diverse effects of environmental factors on volume growth among stand origins and plant functional types.Our findings will provide a good framework for site-specific recommendations regarding the management practices necessary to maintain the volume growth in China's forest ecosystems.

Microstructure and Internal Friction Behavior of Laser 3D Printed Fe-Based Amorphous Composites

Laser 3D printing,also known as laser additive manufacturing(LAM),is favored for its ability to form bulk metallic glass(BMG)and its composite materials(BMGcs)with freeform geometries.In this work,two different kinds of Fe_(41)Co_(7)Cr_(15)Mo_(14)C_(15)B_(6)Y_(2)amorphous coatings(A and B)were prepared by using LAM technology under air-and water-cooled conditions,respectively;meanwhile,to reduce the cracks generated due to the residual thermal stresses,coating C obtained by air-sweep annealing of B with a low energy-density laser.The morphology and amorphous content and microstructure of the coatings were investigated,the results show many cracks in coating B deposited under water-cooled conditions,and its microstructure shows an amorphous-crystal-nanocrystalline mixed structure.Cracking was suppressed in coating C,obtained by air-sweep annealing based on coating B,but the amorphous content was reduced from 32.6 to 13.4%.And the hardness and corrosion resistance of the coating will increase with the increase in the amorphous content.Finally,the internal friction behavior of a BMGcs was prepared on the basis of the process of sample C is compared with that of as-cast amorphous alloys.The results show that the low temperature internal friction behavior of BMGcs is affected by the defects produced during printing,and the high temperature internal friction behavior is affected by the precipitated hard phase.

Synergistic effect of various elements in Fe_(41)Co_(7)Cr_(15)Mo_(14)C_(15)B_(6)Y_(2) amorphous alloy hollow ball on catalytic degradation of methylene blue

Metallic glasses have recently attracted great attention in terms of degrading dyes and other organic pollutants as an environmentally friendly material for wastewater remediation.Herein,we report a new type of amorphous catalyst Fe_(41)Co_(7)Cr_(15)Mo_(14)C_(15)B_(6)Y_(2) hollow balls.Results demonstrate that the catalyst can still completely decolorize the 20 mg/L methylene blue(MB)solution after reused for 50 times under conditions of pH=5,catalyst content 0.5 g/L,and temperature 80°C.The catalyst is easily broken during degradation,so the inner surface also provides additional active sites.The Fe_(41)Co_(7)Cr_(15)Mo_(14)C_(15)B_(6)Y_(2) amorphous alloy hollow balls were characterized by energy dispersive X-ray specroscopy(EDS),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),respectively.The elements in the catalytic system have a synergistic catalytic effect.Redox cycle Fe^(2+)/Fe^(3+),Co^(2+)/Co^(3+)and Mo^(4+)/Mo^(6+) promote mutual conversion and accelerate the catalytic process of their reaction with H_(2)O_(2),forming a self-stable redox cycle process.Among them,Fe^(2+)promotes the conversion of Co^(3+)to Co^(2+),and Mo^(4+) promotes the conversion of Fe^(3+)to Fe^(2+),mainly Fe^(2+)and Co^(2+)react with H_(2)O_(2) to generate•OH.Mo and Cr elements form MoO_(2) and Cr_(2)O_(3) plasma compounds on the surface,which act as a protective film to make the catalyst more stable and be repeated used more frequently.