Size and shape effects of MnFe_(2)O_(4)nanoparticles as catalysts for reductive degradation of dye pollutants

The magnetic nanoparticles that are easy to recycle have tremendous potential as a suitable catalyst for environmental toxic dye pollutant degradation.Rationally engineering shapes and tailoring the size of nanocatalysts are regarded as an effective manner for enhancing performances.Herein,we successfully synthesized three kinds of MnFe_(2)O_(4)NPs with distinctive sizes and shapes as catalysts for reductive degradation of methylene blue,rhodamine 6G,rhodamine B,and methylene orange.It was found that the catalytic activities were dependent on the size and shape of the MnFe_(2)O_(4)NPs and highly related to the surface-to-volume ratio and atom arrangements.Besides,all these nanocatalysts exhibit selectivity to different organic dyes,which is beneficial for their practical application in dye pollutant treatment.Furthermore,the MnFe_(2)O_(4)NPs could be readily recovered by a magnet and reused more than ten times without appreciable loss of activity.The size and shape effects of MnFe_(2)O_(4)nanoparticles demonstrated in this work not only accelerate further understanding the nature of nanocatalysts but also contribute to the precise design of nanoparticles catalyst for pollutant degradation.

Covalent carbene modification of 2D black phosphorus

Black phosphorus(BP)has attracted an ever-growing interest due to its unique anisotropic two-dimensional structure,impressive photoelectronic properties and attractive application potential.However,the tools for bandgap engineering and passivation via covalent modification of BP nanosheets remain limited to diazonium salt and nucleophilic addition methods,so that developing new modification strategies for BP nanosheets is crucial to explore its physical and chemical properties and enrich the toolbox for functionalization.Herein,we report the covalent modification of liquid-phase exfoliated BP nanosheets based on a rational analysis of BP structure.The modification of BP is achieved via carbene,a highly reactive organic mediate.The carbene modification improves the solubility and stability of BP nanosheets.Detailed microscopic and spectroscopic characterizations including infrared spectra,Raman spectra,X-ray photoelectron spectra,SEM and TEM were conducted to provide insights for the reaction.The proof of the existence of covalent bonds between BP nanosheets and organic moieties confirms the successful modification.Moreover,theoretical calculations were conducted to unveil the reaction mechanism of the two different types of bonds and the chemical property of two-dimensional BP.

Eliminating the original cargos of glioblastoma cell-derived small extracellular vesicles for efficient drug delivery to glioblastoma with improved biosafety

Tumor derived small extracellular vesicles(TsEVs)display a great potential as efficient nanocarriers for chemotherapy because of their intrinsic targeting ability.However,the inherited risks of their original cargos(like loaded proteins or RNAs)from parent cancer cells in tumor progression severely hinder the practical application.In this study,a saponin-mediated cargo elimination strategy was established and practiced in glioblastoma(GBM)cell-derived small extracellular vesicles(GBM-sEVs).A high eliminating efficacy of the cargo molecules was confirmed by systematic analysis of the original proteins and RNAs in GBM-sEVs.In addition,the inherited functions of GBM-sEVs to promote GBM progression vanished after saponin treatment.Moreover,the results of cellular uptake analysis and in vivo imaging analysis demonstrated that saponin treatment preserved the homotypic targeting ability of GBM-sEVs.Thus,we developed an efficient nanocarrier with improved biosafety for GBM suppression.Furthermore,doxorubicin(DOX)transported by the saponin-treated GBM-sEVs(sa-GBM-sEVs)displayed an effective tumor suppression in both subcutaneous and orthotopic GBM models of mouse.Collectively,this study provides a feasible way to avoid the potential protumoral risks of TsEVs and can advance the clinical application of TsEVs in chemotherapy.