Alteration of P2X3 expression in dorsal root ganglia after sciatic nerve ligation

BACKGROUND： The expressions of P2X3 receptor in dorsal root ganglia （DRG） after different peripheral nerve injuries are diverse. It indicates the different roles of P2X3 in different models-caused neuropathologic pains. OBJECTIVE： To observe the expressions of P2X3 in corresponding DRG after sciatic nerve ligation in rots. DESIGN： Controlled observation experiment. SETTING： Department of Morphology, Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College; Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya Medical College, Central South University. MATERIALS： Thirty-five healthy adult SD rots of clean grade an d either gender, weighing （ 200 ± 20 ） g, were involved. According to the random digits table, the involved rats were randomized into 3 groups： normal group （n =5）, sham-operated group （n =5） and experimental group （n =25）. The experimental group were subdivided into 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 days groups according to different surviving time after operation, 5 rots at each time point. Polyclonal rabbit anti-P2X3 antibody （ABCAM company）; biotinylated goat anti-rabbit IgG （Zhongshanjingqiao Biotechnical Co., Ltd., Beijing）; Motic fluorescence microscope （Motic, Germany）. METHODS： The experiments were carried out in the Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya Medical College, Central South University from June to December 2006. ① Rats of experimental group were created into models by ligation of right sciatic nerve according to the method of Seltzer et al. Left sciatic nerve was used as self-control. As for rats in the sham-operated group, ligation of sciatic nerve was omitted, but other procedures were the same as those in the experimental group. Rats of normal group were untouched, ② Rats of the normal group and sham-operated group survived for 14 days separately, and those of experimental group survived for corresponding time. After being deeply anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of over-dose sodium pentobarbital, the rots of experimental group were transcardially perfused. L4- 6 corresponding DRG connected to sciatic nerve were taken for preparing transverse sections serially. ③P2X3 expression in L4-6 DRG was detected by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and image analysis techniques. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： P2X3 expression in L4-6 DRG of rots in each group. RESULTS： Thirty-five SD rats were involved in the final analysis. ① P2X3 expression in DRG： In normal DRG of rots, there were abundant P2X3 immuno-positive small- and medium-sized primary sensory neurons, especially the small ones, which mostly received the input from C fibers. There were only a few large neurons expressing P2X3. The immuno-positive products mostly were located in the cytoplasm and processes. The expression of P2X3 had a slight but significant decrease in ipsilateml L4-6 DRG 3 days after sciatic nerve ligation, and a decreasing tendency was observed with the elongation of time. At 28 days, the expression had not returned to base line, and still maintained at a low level. ② P2X3 immuno-positive gray scale in DRG： P2X3 immuno-positive gray scale in ipsilateral side L4-6 DRG was 117.74±2.38, 129.12± 4.86, 133.56±3.79, 148.75±6.90 and 150.49±5.15, respectively at 3,7,14, 21 and 28 days after sciatic nerve ligation, which was significantly higher than that in the normal group and sham-operated group （ 105.11 ±3.52, 104.22 ± 5.41, F =78.861, P 〈 0.05 ） , also significantly higher than that in the contralateral side （105.53±5.85, 108.54±3.70, 104.07±4.16, 106.55±2.02, 106.29±5.19, t=3.48- 13.95, P〈 0.05 ） ; There were no significant differences when comparing sham-operated group or contralateral side at each time point with normal group （P 〉 0.05） CONCLUSION： P2X3 is significantly down regulated in L4-6 DRG after sciatic nerve ligation. It may exert certain effects in neuropathic pain.

Effects of a Composite Soil Amendment on the Quality of Pak Choi(Brassica rapa L. Chinensis Group) Growing in Pb-contaminated Soils

In the present study, a pot experiment was carded out to investigate the effects of a composite soil amendment at different levels （0, 600, 900 and 1 200 mg/kg） on the soil organic matter content, pH, Pb uptake and nutritional quality of pak choi （Brassica rapa L. Chinensis Group） grown in the soils contaminated by four levels （800, 1 200, 1 600 and 2 000 mg/kg） of Pb. The results showed that 900 mg/kg soil amendment increased the soil organic matter content by 24.19%- 60.00%, but had no significant influence on soil pH. Comparing with control （without amendment application）, the security and nutritional quality of pak choi were obviously improved by applying the soil amendment. In detail, 900 mg/kg soil amendment improved the content of Vc of pak choi growing in 800, 1 200, 1 600 and 2 000 mg/kg Pb-contaminated soils by 13.27%-69.30%, the content of soluble sugar by 54.17%- 87.50%, the dry matter weight by 28.36%-33.39%, and decreased the content of Pb by 19.11%-35.72% and the content of crude fiber by 20.83%-31.03%, respectively. These data indicated that the composite amendment can be used for the in situ repair of Pb-contaminated soils, and the recommended dosage is 900 mg/kg.