Background: Psychogenic factors have been considered to be important in the exacerbation and possibly the onset of rosacea. However, there are very few studies that have reported conclusive findings. Objectives: To ex...Background: Psychogenic factors have been considered to be important in the exacerbation and possibly the onset of rosacea. However, there are very few studies that have reported conclusive findings. Objectives: To examine the association between rosacea and major depressive disease, a common and usually treatable psychiatric disorder. Methods: Data from 1995 to 2002, collected by the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the outpatient component of the National Hospital Ambulatory Care Survey, which are both nationally representative surveys of healthcare visits in the U.S.A., were studied. The basic sampling unit in both surveys is the patient visit or encounter. A ‘ Rosacea’ variable was created by grouping all rosacea (ICD- 9-CM code 695.3) visits and a ‘ Depressi-on’ variable was created by grouping the patient visits related to major depressive disorder (ICD- 9-CM codes 296.2, 296.3 and 311). As alcohol abuse has been implicated in rosacea, and alcohol can confound symptoms of depression, an ‘ Alcohol’ variable was created by grouping all ICD- 9-CM codes related to alcohol dependence and abuse (codes 303, 303.0, 303.9 and 305.0). All analyses were conducted using the Complex Samples module of SPSS version 13, to account for the multistage probability sampling design used to collect the data. Results: The weighted data were representative of over 608 million dermatology visits between 1995 and 2002. Logistic regression analysis using ‘ Rosacea’ as the dependent variable and age, sex, ‘ Alcohol’ and ‘ Depression’ as independent variables revealed that the odds ratio for depressive disease in the rosacea group was 4.81 (95% confidence interval 1.39- 16.62). The association between ‘ Alcohol’ and ‘ Rosacea’ was not significant. Conclusions: The comorbidity between major depressive disease and rosacea may have important clinical implications. Alcohol abuse does not appear to play a significant role in this association.展开更多
Background. Psychological stress resulting from stressful major life events is known to exacerbate a wide range of skin disorders. Objective. To examine the relationship between stressful major life events and dermato...Background. Psychological stress resulting from stressful major life events is known to exacerbate a wide range of skin disorders. Objective. To examine the relationship between stressful major life events and dermatological symptoms among a non-clinical sample. Design. A cross-sectional survey. Setting. Community-based subjects from London, Ontario, Canada were recruited from the local university, schools and churches. Participants. Out of 600 consecutive, consenting volunteers 316 subjects [73 men and 243 women; age 38.7 ±14.8 (mean ±SD years; marital status 54%married; race 94%’white’] completed the survey for this study. The exclusion criterion was a history of a major dermatological or medical disorder. Main outcome measure. The number of major life events experienced over the previous 6 months measured using the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) of Holmes and Rabe, and the frequency and severity of a range of cutaneous symptoms (burning, ’crawling sensation,’tingling, ’pricking’or ’pins and needles’, ’pain’, ’tenderness’of skin, ’numbness’, ’moderate to severe itching’, and ’easy bruising’) that the subject may have experienced over the previous month. Results. Themost frequently reported body region affectedwas the scalp (59.5%) and the most frequently reported symptom was itching (69.3%). The total number of major life events experienced over the previous 6 months correlated with the severity of the individual cutaneous symptoms (0.22 ≤Pearson r ≤0.41, P < 0.001) and with the total cutaneous symptom severity score (sum of all cutaneous severity ratings) (Pearson r = 0.40, P < 0.001). This correlation remained significant after the possible confounding effect of psychological factors on cutaneous symptoms was partialled out statistically (partial r = 0.19, P = 0.001). Discussion. We observed a direct correlation between the number of major life events experienced over the previous 6 months and cutaneous symptoms experienced over the previous 1month by non-clinical subjects. The correlation remained significant after the effect of psychological factors was partialled out, suggesting that this relationship holds even if the subject does not acknowledge psychological distress in reaction to the major life event.展开更多
文摘Background: Psychogenic factors have been considered to be important in the exacerbation and possibly the onset of rosacea. However, there are very few studies that have reported conclusive findings. Objectives: To examine the association between rosacea and major depressive disease, a common and usually treatable psychiatric disorder. Methods: Data from 1995 to 2002, collected by the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the outpatient component of the National Hospital Ambulatory Care Survey, which are both nationally representative surveys of healthcare visits in the U.S.A., were studied. The basic sampling unit in both surveys is the patient visit or encounter. A ‘ Rosacea’ variable was created by grouping all rosacea (ICD- 9-CM code 695.3) visits and a ‘ Depressi-on’ variable was created by grouping the patient visits related to major depressive disorder (ICD- 9-CM codes 296.2, 296.3 and 311). As alcohol abuse has been implicated in rosacea, and alcohol can confound symptoms of depression, an ‘ Alcohol’ variable was created by grouping all ICD- 9-CM codes related to alcohol dependence and abuse (codes 303, 303.0, 303.9 and 305.0). All analyses were conducted using the Complex Samples module of SPSS version 13, to account for the multistage probability sampling design used to collect the data. Results: The weighted data were representative of over 608 million dermatology visits between 1995 and 2002. Logistic regression analysis using ‘ Rosacea’ as the dependent variable and age, sex, ‘ Alcohol’ and ‘ Depression’ as independent variables revealed that the odds ratio for depressive disease in the rosacea group was 4.81 (95% confidence interval 1.39- 16.62). The association between ‘ Alcohol’ and ‘ Rosacea’ was not significant. Conclusions: The comorbidity between major depressive disease and rosacea may have important clinical implications. Alcohol abuse does not appear to play a significant role in this association.
文摘Background. Psychological stress resulting from stressful major life events is known to exacerbate a wide range of skin disorders. Objective. To examine the relationship between stressful major life events and dermatological symptoms among a non-clinical sample. Design. A cross-sectional survey. Setting. Community-based subjects from London, Ontario, Canada were recruited from the local university, schools and churches. Participants. Out of 600 consecutive, consenting volunteers 316 subjects [73 men and 243 women; age 38.7 ±14.8 (mean ±SD years; marital status 54%married; race 94%’white’] completed the survey for this study. The exclusion criterion was a history of a major dermatological or medical disorder. Main outcome measure. The number of major life events experienced over the previous 6 months measured using the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) of Holmes and Rabe, and the frequency and severity of a range of cutaneous symptoms (burning, ’crawling sensation,’tingling, ’pricking’or ’pins and needles’, ’pain’, ’tenderness’of skin, ’numbness’, ’moderate to severe itching’, and ’easy bruising’) that the subject may have experienced over the previous month. Results. Themost frequently reported body region affectedwas the scalp (59.5%) and the most frequently reported symptom was itching (69.3%). The total number of major life events experienced over the previous 6 months correlated with the severity of the individual cutaneous symptoms (0.22 ≤Pearson r ≤0.41, P < 0.001) and with the total cutaneous symptom severity score (sum of all cutaneous severity ratings) (Pearson r = 0.40, P < 0.001). This correlation remained significant after the possible confounding effect of psychological factors on cutaneous symptoms was partialled out statistically (partial r = 0.19, P = 0.001). Discussion. We observed a direct correlation between the number of major life events experienced over the previous 6 months and cutaneous symptoms experienced over the previous 1month by non-clinical subjects. The correlation remained significant after the effect of psychological factors was partialled out, suggesting that this relationship holds even if the subject does not acknowledge psychological distress in reaction to the major life event.
