Virological and Molecular Profile of People Living with HIV after 24 Weeks of Treatment with Dolutegravir in Kinshasa

Context: The appointment of the M6 is crucial because it is an indicator of the prognosis of the evolution of the care and the decision-making on the continuation of the AntiRetroViral Treatment. Objective: The objective of this study is therefore to present the virological and molecular profile of People Living with HIV under treatment with Dolutegravir 6 months after being put on ART in Kinshasa. Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional view at the sixth month of a prospective cohort to determine the virological and molecular profile of People Living with HIV (PLHIV) after 6 months of ART based on Dolutegravir (DTG) in Kinshasa. A sample of 5 mL of blood was taken from all HIV patients included. The collection of biological data was carried out under the same conditions as at inclusion. After extraction, Quantitative Real-Time PCR was carried out to determine the quantity of HIV RNA in the samples according to the protocols previously described. Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and Nested PCR were carried out to amplify the regions of interest for Protease and Reverse Transcriptase for sequencing. Results: The median VL value was 2.92 log10 RNA copies/mL. With 17.75% of patients experiencing major failure of first-line treatment. Subtype A is dominant with 13 cases (20.98%);followed by CRF_02AG (16.13%), subtypes C (14.52%), D (9.68%) and K (6.45%). The K65R (3 cases), T69P/N (6 cases), K70R (9 cases) and M184V (8 cases) mutations were listed as existing mutations for Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. Conclusion: After 6 months of ART, 59.67% of People Living with HIV on Tenofovir-Lamivudine-Dolutegravir is in therapeutic success while 40.33% are in a state of treatment failure. Subtype A remains dominant in the population of PLHIV. Resistance mutations were detected for Lamivudine and Tenofovir, but none for Dolutegravir.

Profile of People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Initiating Treatment in the Dolutegravir Era in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

Background: For several decades, the introduction of AntiRetrovirals (ARVs) has improved the symptomatology of People Living with HIV (PLHIV), a spectacular reduction in morbidity and mortality, an improvement in life expectancy and quality of life of PLHIV. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the profile of PLHIV initiating AntiRetroViral Treatment (ART) in the era of Dolutegravir in Kinshasa. Methods: Cross-section of a prospective cohort to determine the profile of PLHIV initiating ART in Kinshasa. The inclusions were from October 04, 2021 to February 15, 2022. Confirmation of the diagnosis was carried out by Nested PCR. The inclusion criteria were: being at least 18 years old, confirmed HIV positive, naïve to ART, consenting and having signed an informed consent. The parameters of interest followed for the present study were: age, sex, religion, level of study, marital status, occupation, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), the clinical profile, the opportunistic infections as well as the para-clinical assessment (biochemistry and molecular biology). Results: 67 (56.3%) women and 52 (43.7%) men were included, thus 119 patients, all confirmed positive for HIV by Nested PCR on the gag, pol and env regions. The average age of the patients included is 39.87 ± 12.36 years and the most represented age group is that of 36 to 45 years with 37 patients (31.9%). The average height was 1.66 ± 0.08 meters, with an average weight of 56.41 ± 13.30 kg, giving an average Body Mass Index (BMI) of 21.54 ± 5.17 kg/m2. The majority of patients were married (46.1%), of Protestant religion (70.7%), with secondary education (66.7%), and working in the informal sector (29.4%). 49 patients (41.5%) were in clinical stage 3 and 55 patients (47.0%) had a normal clinical status. Malaria (45.4%) and tuberculosis (29.4%) were the most common Opportunistic Infections. The mean values of the patients’ assessed biochemical parameters were within the ranges. The median VL value was 4.16 log10 RNA copies/ml. Subtype A (20.2%) is dominant. Mutations K65R (2 cases), T69P/N (5 cases), K70R (9 cases) and M184V (8 cases) were listed. Conclusion: In Kinshasa, PLHIV start ART late. The biochemical parameters evaluated are within normal ranges, with high VLs. Subtype A remains predominant and there are mutations conferring resistance to ART.

Virological and Molecular Profile of People Living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Starting Dolutegravir Based Antiretroviral Treatment in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

Context: Despite the new recommendations “Test and Treat”, the virological and molecular parameters remain important information for Antiretroviral Treatment and adequate for monitoring of patients infected with HIV/AIDS. Objective: the Objective of this study is to present the virological and molecular profile of People Living with HIV starting Antiretroviral Therapy in Kinshasa in the era of the Dolutegravir. Methods: This was a transversal study to determine virological and molecular profile of People Living with HIV (PLHIV) starting an ARV Treatment. The patient’s inclusion period was from October 04, 2021 to February 15, 2022. A sample of 5 ml of blood was taken in a tube with EDTA anticoagulant for Molecular Biology analyzes (Viral Load and Sequencing) in all HIV patients, after reading and signing informed consent. The population was made up of adult patients over the age of 18, infected with HIV and starting ART. Results: 119 patients (56.3% of women) were included in this study, thus a sex-ratio of 1.29. The average age of patients included was 39.87 ± 12.36 years. The most represented age group is that of 36 to 45 with 37 patients (31.9%) followed by that from 26 to 35 years with 24 patients (20.7%). Out of 119 patients, 21 patients had an undetectable Viral Load (VL). The median value of VL was 4.16 log10 RNA copies/ml. 114 samples were successfully amplified. Subtype A was dominant with 23 cases (20.2%);followed by the subtype C and CRF02_AG each with 14.0%, and D (10.5 %). K65R (1.8%), T69P/N (4.4%), K70R (7.9%) and M184V (7.0%) mutations were listed as existing mutations for Nucleotide Transcriptase Inhibitors. Conclusion: 38 patients (31.93%) started the TARV with a positive virological prognosis. The subtype A remains dominant in Kinshasa with 23 cases (20.2%);followed by the subtype C and CRF02_AG each with 14.0%. For Inhibitors of Transcriptase Reverse Nucleotide;K65R, T69P/N, K70E/R and M184V mutations were found in patients’ naive of ARV Treatment.

Virological Profile of People Living with HIV after 12 Months of Treatment with Dolutegravir in Kinshasa

Context: The evaluation of plasma Viral Load constitutes an indicator of the progression of the infection, the effectiveness and the tolerance of the treatment. Objective: The objective of this study is to present the virological profile of Patients Living with HIV (PLHIV) after 12 months of AntiRetro Viral Treatment (ART) based on Dolutegravir (DTG) in Kinshasa. Method: The present study is a cross-sectional view of the virological profile of the twelfth month of a prospective cohort of PLHIV at M12 of DTG-based ART in Kinshasa. During the M12 appointment, a blood sample was taken for Molecular Biology analyses from all PLHIV included. Result: During the M12 appointment, 28 patients were registered, including 16 (57.1%) women. Nine (9) patients (45.0%) had an undetectable Viral Load (VL). The median VL value was 3.18 log10 RNA copies/mL (1530 RNA copies/mL). The mutations K65R, T69P/N, K70R and M184V have been listed as mutations conferring resistance to Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. No mutations associated with Dolutegravir were observed at M12. Conclusion: After 12 months of AntiRetroViral Treatment based on Dolutegravir, half of the Patients on first-line ART are in a state of virological failure.

Profile of People Living with HIV after 24 Weeks of Treatment with Dolutegravir in Kinshasa

Introduction: The sixth month appointment (M6) is crucial because at the start of the ART course, it is an indicator of the prognosis of the evolution of care and decision-making on the continuity of treatment. Objective: The objective of this study is therefore to present the profile of People Living with HIV under treatment with Dolutegravir 6 months after starting ART in Kinshasa. Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional view at M6 of a prospective cohort to determine the profile of People Living with HIV (PLHIV) after 6 months of ARV Treatment (ART) in Kinshasa, DRC. During the M6 appointment, from April to August 2022, a sample of 5 ml of blood was taken for the various analyzes from all HIV patients included. The collection of sociodemographic data as well as biological and clinical data was carried out under the same conditions as at inclusion. The parameters recorded during M6 were: age, sex, and religion, level of study, marital status, profession, socio-economic level, height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), clinical profile, opportunistic infections as well as biochemical and molecular assessment. Results: In M6, 62 patients were registered including 38 women (61.3%), thus giving a sex ratio of 1.58 in favor of women. Fifty-seven (57) patients did not respond to the appointment, representing a loss rate of 47.89%. The most common age group is between 36 and 45 years old with 16 patients (26.7%). The mean age was 42.4 ± 13.3 years. The mean weight was 60.5 ± 15.4 kg with a mean BMI of 22.6 ± 5.8 kg/m2. Thirty-four (34) patients (61.82%) were in Clinical Stage 3. Thirty-six (36) patients (67.92%) had a normal clinical condition. The most common opportunistic infections among patients in M6 were: skin pruritus (25.8%), dermatitis (22.6%) and rash (21%). The mean values of biochemical parameters of patients in M6 were within normal ranges. The median VL value was 2.92 log10 RNA copies/ml with 17.75% of patients experiencing major failure of first-line treatment. Subtype A is dominant with 13 cases (20.98%);followed by CRF02_AG (16.13%) and C subtypes (14.52%). The mutations K65R (3 cases), T69P/N (6 cases), K70R (9 cases) and M184V (8 cases) were listed in M6. Conclusion: After 6 months of treatment, the majority of patients are in clinical stage 3 with a normal clinical state. Skin infections are the majority opportunistic infections. Certain biological parameters are considerably altered. A high virological failure rate with the presence of certain mutations associated with resistance to Lamivudine and Tenofovir.