Microstructures in a carburized steel after isothermal pearlitic treatment

The influence of carbon concentration variations on pearlite formation(20 h at 600℃)in a case-carburized steel is investigated.The resultant microstructure shows three distinct regions:carburized case,a transition region,and the original core.The microstructural transition from the case to the core regions is observed to be relatively sharp.The investigated region of the carburized case(0.9 wt.%C)con-tains two types of pearlite:ferrite+cementite and ferrite+M_(23)C_(6),where the pearlitic aggregate with M_(23)C_(6)shows faster formation kinetics.The kinetics of pearlite formation in the transition region(0.3 wt.%C)is very slow and is observed with only M_(23)C_(6)carbide.Only around 40%austenite decomposes into pearlite in the transition region,which,in comparison to the carburized case region of 0.9 wt.%C is a fraction that is lower by a factor of two.Pearlite is absent in the investigated core region(0.16 wt.%C).The microstructure in this region is predominantly martensite and pro-eutectoid ferrite,with a fraction of ferrite well below the equilibrium fraction.Ferrite formation in this region is limited by the redistribution of mainly Ni,Mn,and Cr,and their resulting solute drag effect on the austenite/ferrite interface.A ther-modynamic and kinetic argumentation of these observations is provided with the help of thermodynamic data,precipitation simulations,and a general mixed-mode Gibbs energy balance model.

Rotating Charged Hairy Black Hole in(2+1) Dimensions and Particle Acceleration

In this paper, we construct rotating charged hairy black hole in(2+1) dimensions for infinitesimal black hole charge and rotation parameters. Then we consider this black hole as particle accelerator and calculate the centerof-mass energy of two colliding test particles near the rotating charged hairy black hole in(2+1) dimensions. As we expected, the center-of-mass energy has infinite value.