缩缸强化涡轮增压汽油机废气再循环系统的研究

介绍有关涡轮增压汽油机冷却废气再循环(EGR)系统的研究,旨在改善车辆的燃油经济性。近年来,提高压缩比和缩缸强化的策略已被视为是改善涡轮增压汽油机燃油效率的有效途径。在高负荷工况下,尤其在涡轮增压区域,改善燃油经济性特别重要。改善这一区域燃油经济性的关键是抑制爆燃、降低排气温度和增大比热比。冷却EGR系统方案包括低压回路EGR(LP-EGR)、高压回路EGR(HP-EGR),以及其他系统。基于以下理由选用LP-EGR系统:在相对较高的涡轮增压条件下,发动机低转速时可供给足够的再循环废气。为抑制爆燃,清除再循环废气中的氮氧化物非常重要,这意味着要从催化转化器下游抽取再循环废气。另一方面,为了表征LP-EGR系统的较小压差和较长EGR回路,必须应用更加精细的EGR率控制。EGR气流基于EGR阀的压差形成,而压差随空气流率改变,所以,可以用不变的EGR阀开度保持EGR率。虽然这一原理只能用于稳态工况,但已开发一种新的修正控制,通过在排气管取样点上获得的EGR废气压力,并考虑其滞后效应,即使在瞬态工况下也可保持稳定的EGR率。试验结果表明,在涡轮增压状态下,用LP-EGR可使燃油经济性改善达5%,还能降低排气温度。

Evaluation of activated area in the electrostatic accelerator facilities

In order to clear the activated area in electrostatic accelerator facilities,four accelerator facilities were selected and typical neutron emission experiments were performed.Neutron flux during operation and induced activity caused by charged particles on the accelerator and its surrounding area after irradiation were measured.Also the monitored neutron flux and calculated value by Monte Carlo calculation using PHITS code were compared.It was confirmed that the results between calculated data and measured data showed the good agreement with each other.Finally,it was concluded that we have to take care the activation of beam line and target.But,it is not necessary to treat accelerator tank,surrounding materials,and building concrete as radioactive materials in case of decommissioning.

^(143)Nd中高自旋同质异能态的识别与研究

利用能量为 80MeV的18O束流 ,通过130 Te( 18O ,5n)反应研究了143Nd的高自旋态能级结构 .基于γ γ延迟符合、γ射线的角分布及线性极化测量 ,首次发现了143Nd的一个半寿命为 ( 35± 8)ns,自旋和宇称为 4 9/ 2 + 的同质异能态 .