Application of oxygen vacancy defects in enhanced anti-cancer nanomedicine

Nanomedicine has become an important development direction of modern medicine, and provides a new way for cancer theranostics. To extend the superior physicochemical property of nanomedicine and enhance their role in cancer theranostics,various strategies have been proposed. Among them, the introduction of oxygen vacancies can enhance the separation of electron-hole pairs and improve the nanomaterials' catalytic activity, which is beneficial for cancer diagnosis and treatment. This review briefly summarized the formation mechanism and preparation methods of various oxygen vacancy nanomaterials. Then,the effect and application of various oxygen vacancy nanomaterials, such as iron, manganese, titanium, zinc, bismuth, tungsten,cerium, and molybdenum-based nanomaterials in enhancing cancer theranostics were highlighted. At last, the prospect and challenges of oxygen vacancy nanomaterials were discussed. This review provided an overview of the relevant information on oxygen vacancy in cancer theranostics, and further promoted the development of cancer nanomedicine.

Reflections on COPD comorbidities

To the Editor:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a common disease among the elderly,affecting over one-third of the elderly population worldwide.The progressive decline in lung function characteristic of COPD significantly impacts the quality of life and employability of affected individuals,resulting in a substantial direct and indirect socioeconomic burden.COPD frequently has comorbidities involving other organ systems.Virtually all elderly COPD patients present with one or more comorbid conditions,collectively exacerbating health and economic burdens.While viral and bacterial infections remain the most common triggers for COPD exacerbations(ECOPD).

LOW-FIRING SOL-GEL DERIVED Mn-DOPED 0.92(K_(0.5)Na_(0.5))NbO_(3)-0.08LiNbO_(3)LEAD-FREECERAMICS WITH ENHANCED PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES

Mn-doped 0.92(K_(0.5)Na_(0.5))NbO_(3)-0.08LiNbO_(3)(0.92KNN-0.08LN)lead-free piezoelectric cer-amics have been prepared by a developed sol-gel routes using Nb_(2)O_(5)as Nb source.Due to thehigh quality of gel precursor,Mn-doped 0.92KNN-0.08LN nanopowders with the mean particlesize about 20 nm were obtained at 500℃.The addition of Mn can promote the densification ofnanopowders effectively at 950℃,and also influences in a pronounced way both the crystal structure and microstructure of the materials.With the increase of the amount of Mn addition,0.92KNN-0.08LN ceramics are transformed from dominant orthorhombic to coexistence of the orthorhombic and tetragonal phases,and the grain sizes are enhanced simultaneously.Optimizedparameters,such as d_(33)=212 pC/N and k_(p)=0.46,were achieved in 0.2 Mn-doped0.92KNN-0.08LN systems,which are good candidate material for lead-free piezoelectric devices.

Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals a systemic immune dysregulation in COVID-19-associated pediatric encephalopathy

Unraveling the molecular mechanisms for COVID-19-associated encephalopathy and its immunopathology is crucial for developing effective treatments.Here,we utilized single-cell transcriptomic analysis and integrated clinical observations and laboratory examination to dissect the host immune responses and reveal pathological mechanisms in COVID-19-associated pediatric encephalopathy.We found that lymphopenia was a prominent characteristic of immune perturbation in COVID-19 patients with encephalopathy,especially those with acute necrotizing encephalopathy(AE).This was characterized a marked reduction of various lymphocytes(e.g.,CD8^(+)T and CD4^(+)T cells)and significant increases in other inflammatory cells(e.g.,monocytes).Further analysis revealed activation of multiple cell apoptosis pathways(e.g.,granzyme/perforin-,FAS-and TNF-induced apoptosis)may be responsible for lymphopenia.A systemic S100A12 upregulation,primarily from classical monocytes,may have contributed to cytokine storms in patients with AE.A dysregulated type I interferon(IFN)response was observed which may have further exacerbated the S100A12-driven inflammation in patients with AE.In COVID-19 patients with AE,myeloid cells(e.g.,monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells)were the likely contributors to immune paralysis.Finally,the immune landscape in COVID-19 patients with encephalopathy,especially for AE,were also characterized by NK and T cells with widespread exhaustion,higher cytotoxic scores and inflammatory response as well as a dysregulated B cell-mediated humoral immune response.Taken together,this comprehensive data provides a detailed resource for elucidating immunopathogenesis and will aid development of effective COVID-19-associated pediatric encephalopathy treatments,especially for those with AE.

心率血压乘积识别儿童代偿期休克的价值

目的探讨心率血压乘积识别儿童代偿期休克的价值。方法回顾性分析2015年10月至2021年3月就诊于首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院重症监护室(PICU)99例诊断休克的患儿入PICU时(未应用血管活性药物状态)及休克纠正后的心率、血压、心率血压比值、心率血压乘积、乳酸及28 d转归等临床资料。根据28 d转归分为生存组和死亡组, 组间比较应用独立样本t检验、Mann-WhitneyU检验、χ^(2)检验。应用Pearson相关分析分析心率、血压、心率血压比值、心率血压乘积与乳酸的相关性, 受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析心率、血压、心率血压比值、心率血压乘积对乳酸>2 mmol/L的预测价值。结果 99例患儿中男49例、女50例, 年龄3.8(0.7, 6.0)岁, 其中脓毒性休克61例(62%), 心源性休克12例(12%), 失血性休克12例(12%), 川崎病休克综合征8例(8%), 过敏性休克6例(6%)。随访28 d生存66例(67%), 死亡33例(33%)。ROC曲线显示乳酸、心率/收缩压均对28 d死亡有预测价值(均P<0.05), 曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.769、0.649, 最佳临界值分别为3.15 mmol/L、2.0 次/(min·mmHg)(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), 灵敏度分别为96.0%、62.5%, 特异度分别为54.4%、69.0%。Pearson相关分析显示乳酸与心率/舒张压、心率/平均压、心率/收缩压、心率均正相关(r=0.476、0.452、0.425、0.177, 均P<0.01), 与收缩压、平均压、舒张压均负相关(r=-0.444、-0.410、-0.364, 均P<0.01), 与心率血压乘积无相关性(P>0.05);ROC曲线显示心率/收缩压预测乳酸>2 mmol/L的AUC最大为0.872[最佳临界值1.4 次/(min·mmHg), 灵敏度92.1%, 特异度70.9%, P<0.01]。当平均压≥65 mmHg时, 乳酸与心率平均压乘积、心率舒张压乘积、心率收缩压乘积、心率、心率/收缩压、心率/平均压、心率/舒张压均正相关(r=0.706、0.705、0.669、0.626、0.555、0.502、0.446, 均P<0.01);ROC曲线显示心率平均压乘积预测乳酸>2 mmol/L的AUC最大为0.974[最佳临界值9 446(次· mmHg/min), 灵敏度100.0%, 特异度90.9%, P<0.01]。结论心率血压乘积尤其是心率平均压乘积对儿童代偿期休克的动脉血乳酸异常升高有较高的预测价值, 优于心率/收缩压, 值得推荐用于儿童代偿期休克的早期识别。