面向精密可靠的远程时间传递需求,提出一种基于北斗三号PPP-B2b轨道的实时精密共视时间传递方法。该方法利用北斗三号精密单点定位(precise point positioning,PPP)服务提供的精密轨道改正数,根据实时载波相位单差技术估算异地接收机的...面向精密可靠的远程时间传递需求,提出一种基于北斗三号PPP-B2b轨道的实时精密共视时间传递方法。该方法利用北斗三号精密单点定位(precise point positioning,PPP)服务提供的精密轨道改正数,根据实时载波相位单差技术估算异地接收机的相对钟差,实现高精度时间传递。基于中国及周边地区6个跟踪站连续多天的北斗三号系统观测数据开展试验,验证了该时间传递方法的性能。试验结果表明:零基线时间传递结果的标准差优于0.03 ns。与事后PPP时间传递相比,长基线时间传递结果差值的标准差优于0.3 ns,时间传递天边界连续性更好。基于北斗三号PPP-B2b轨道的实时精密共视时间传递方法,不依赖精密卫星钟差,能实现亚纳秒量级的时间传递精度,具有易于实现、连续性好的优势。试验结果可为北斗精密时间服务提供一定的参考。展开更多
Microchannel flow boiling heat transfer has the advantages of strong heat dissipation capacity,good temperature uniformity,and compact structure.It is an excellent way to thermally manage electronic devices,but when t...Microchannel flow boiling heat transfer has the advantages of strong heat dissipation capacity,good temperature uniformity,and compact structure.It is an excellent way to thermally manage electronic devices,but when the heat flux exceeds CHF(Critical Heat Flux),the heat transfer performance deteriorates as the working fluid dries out.Non-azeotropic mixtures have the potential to effectively delay or avoid dry-out during the boiling process due to their temperature slide characteristics which causes the mass transfer resistance.To understand the influence of non-azeotropic mixtures on microchannel flow boiling,using the phase-change microchannel heat sink as the research object,the experiments on the flow boiling heat transfer performance of R245fa/R134a mixtures under different working conditions were carried out,and the characteristics of flow boiling heat transfer were obtained under the different working conditions,and comparison was developed with those of pure substance R245fa.The results demonstrated that a small amount of low-boiling-point components in the high-boiling-point working fluid inhibited boiling heat transfer to some extent,and lowered the average heat transfer coefficient under the non-dryout condition slightly lower than that of the pure substance;however,it also effectively delayed the onset of local dry-out and prevented significant deterioration in thermal transfer performance under the lower mass flow rate and higher heat flux,which could enhance the heat sink's stability.展开更多
柳杉毛虫是一种严重为害柳杉的食叶害虫,探明柳杉毛虫的寄生蝇种类,将为该虫优势天敌的筛选提供更多的选择。本研究从野外采集柳杉毛虫幼虫并带回室内饲养,出蛆化蛹,羽化获得不同种类的寄生蝇。对获得的寄生蝇进行分类、鉴定,并描述其...柳杉毛虫是一种严重为害柳杉的食叶害虫,探明柳杉毛虫的寄生蝇种类,将为该虫优势天敌的筛选提供更多的选择。本研究从野外采集柳杉毛虫幼虫并带回室内饲养,出蛆化蛹,羽化获得不同种类的寄生蝇。对获得的寄生蝇进行分类、鉴定,并描述其系统分类地位、形态特征、地理分布及寄主。调查发现,柳杉毛虫的寄生蝇由多到少依次为蚕饰腹寄蝇Blepharipa zebina(Walker),瘦钩鬃麻蝇Sarcophaga(Sarcorohdendorfia)gracilior(Chen),黑角狭颊寄蝇Carcelia(s.str.)nigrantennata Chao et Liang,松毛虫狭颊寄蝇C.(s.str.)matsukarehae(Shima),星毛虫狭颊寄蝇C.(s.str.)illiberisi Chao et Liang,拟庸赘寄蝇Drino(Palexorista)inconspicuoides(Baranov),羚足鬃麻蝇S.(Sarcorohdendorfia)antilope Böttcher,共7种,其中蚕饰腹寄蝇、瘦钩鬃麻蝇、黑角狭颊寄蝇分布较广,种群数量较多,寄生率较高,分别为7.44%、7.37%、5.48%,被认为是优势种;且拟庸赘寄蝇为福建新分布记录;柳杉毛虫是黑角狭颊寄蝇、星毛虫狭颊寄蝇、拟庸赘寄蝇的新寄主;还发现2种重寄生蜂寄生于寄生蝇。记述柳杉毛虫的7种寄生蝇形态特征,有助于今后识别其天敌昆虫,研究害虫与天敌的种间关系,评价寄生蝇种群对维护柳杉林分生态系统稳定和防控柳杉毛虫的潜能,具有重要意义。展开更多
文摘面向精密可靠的远程时间传递需求,提出一种基于北斗三号PPP-B2b轨道的实时精密共视时间传递方法。该方法利用北斗三号精密单点定位(precise point positioning,PPP)服务提供的精密轨道改正数,根据实时载波相位单差技术估算异地接收机的相对钟差,实现高精度时间传递。基于中国及周边地区6个跟踪站连续多天的北斗三号系统观测数据开展试验,验证了该时间传递方法的性能。试验结果表明:零基线时间传递结果的标准差优于0.03 ns。与事后PPP时间传递相比,长基线时间传递结果差值的标准差优于0.3 ns,时间传递天边界连续性更好。基于北斗三号PPP-B2b轨道的实时精密共视时间传递方法,不依赖精密卫星钟差,能实现亚纳秒量级的时间传递精度,具有易于实现、连续性好的优势。试验结果可为北斗精密时间服务提供一定的参考。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52076185)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LZ19E060001)the Open Project of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering(No.KF2019-02)。
文摘Microchannel flow boiling heat transfer has the advantages of strong heat dissipation capacity,good temperature uniformity,and compact structure.It is an excellent way to thermally manage electronic devices,but when the heat flux exceeds CHF(Critical Heat Flux),the heat transfer performance deteriorates as the working fluid dries out.Non-azeotropic mixtures have the potential to effectively delay or avoid dry-out during the boiling process due to their temperature slide characteristics which causes the mass transfer resistance.To understand the influence of non-azeotropic mixtures on microchannel flow boiling,using the phase-change microchannel heat sink as the research object,the experiments on the flow boiling heat transfer performance of R245fa/R134a mixtures under different working conditions were carried out,and the characteristics of flow boiling heat transfer were obtained under the different working conditions,and comparison was developed with those of pure substance R245fa.The results demonstrated that a small amount of low-boiling-point components in the high-boiling-point working fluid inhibited boiling heat transfer to some extent,and lowered the average heat transfer coefficient under the non-dryout condition slightly lower than that of the pure substance;however,it also effectively delayed the onset of local dry-out and prevented significant deterioration in thermal transfer performance under the lower mass flow rate and higher heat flux,which could enhance the heat sink's stability.
文摘柳杉毛虫是一种严重为害柳杉的食叶害虫,探明柳杉毛虫的寄生蝇种类,将为该虫优势天敌的筛选提供更多的选择。本研究从野外采集柳杉毛虫幼虫并带回室内饲养,出蛆化蛹,羽化获得不同种类的寄生蝇。对获得的寄生蝇进行分类、鉴定,并描述其系统分类地位、形态特征、地理分布及寄主。调查发现,柳杉毛虫的寄生蝇由多到少依次为蚕饰腹寄蝇Blepharipa zebina(Walker),瘦钩鬃麻蝇Sarcophaga(Sarcorohdendorfia)gracilior(Chen),黑角狭颊寄蝇Carcelia(s.str.)nigrantennata Chao et Liang,松毛虫狭颊寄蝇C.(s.str.)matsukarehae(Shima),星毛虫狭颊寄蝇C.(s.str.)illiberisi Chao et Liang,拟庸赘寄蝇Drino(Palexorista)inconspicuoides(Baranov),羚足鬃麻蝇S.(Sarcorohdendorfia)antilope Böttcher,共7种,其中蚕饰腹寄蝇、瘦钩鬃麻蝇、黑角狭颊寄蝇分布较广,种群数量较多,寄生率较高,分别为7.44%、7.37%、5.48%,被认为是优势种;且拟庸赘寄蝇为福建新分布记录;柳杉毛虫是黑角狭颊寄蝇、星毛虫狭颊寄蝇、拟庸赘寄蝇的新寄主;还发现2种重寄生蜂寄生于寄生蝇。记述柳杉毛虫的7种寄生蝇形态特征,有助于今后识别其天敌昆虫,研究害虫与天敌的种间关系,评价寄生蝇种群对维护柳杉林分生态系统稳定和防控柳杉毛虫的潜能,具有重要意义。
