目的探讨睡眠质量与D型人格的关系以及睡眠信念和态度在D型人格与睡眠质量关系间的中介作用。方法整群抽样某疗养中心142例工作人员,施测匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)、简式睡眠个人信念和态度量表(dys...目的探讨睡眠质量与D型人格的关系以及睡眠信念和态度在D型人格与睡眠质量关系间的中介作用。方法整群抽样某疗养中心142例工作人员,施测匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)、简式睡眠个人信念和态度量表(dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep,DBAS-16)和D型人格量表(type D personality scale-14,DS14),采用t检验、相关分析、回归分析、结构方程构建等方法分析数据。结果睡眠障碍组在DBAS-16中对失眠的担忧,对失眠后果的错误信念,对睡眠不合理期望,对药物的认识4个维度得分均低于睡眠正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),在DS14负性情感维度得分高于睡眠正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PSQI总分与DBAS-16中各维度得分均呈负相关(P<0.01),与DS14中负性情感和社交抑制两个维度得分呈正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01)。多元回归分析结果表明,担忧和负性情感对低睡眠质量有显著预测作用,模型的决定系数R^(2)为35.0%。睡眠信念和态度在D型人格与低睡眠质量之间起完全中介作用。睡眠质量与D型人格、睡眠信念和态度的结构方程模型的主要拟合指数为χ^(2)/df=1.963。结论对睡眠的担忧和负性情感是低睡眠质量的显著预测因子。D型人格与低睡眠质量相关,可通过睡眠信念和态度的中介作用影响睡眠质量。展开更多
A set of high resolution(25 km)21st century climate change projections using the regional climate model RegCM4 driven by four global model simulations were conducted over East Asia under the mid-range RCP4.5 scenario....A set of high resolution(25 km)21st century climate change projections using the regional climate model RegCM4 driven by four global model simulations were conducted over East Asia under the mid-range RCP4.5 scenario.In the present paper,the authors investigate the change in thermal comfort conditions over china based on an ensemble of the projections,using the index of effective temperature(ET),which considers the aggregate effects of temperature,relative humidity,and wind on human thermal perception.The analysis also accounts for exposure as measured by distributed population amount scenarios.The authors find that the general increase in ET leads to a large increase in population exposure to very hot days(a China-aggregated sixfold increase in‘person-days’by the end of the 21st century.There is a decrease in cool,cold,and very cold person-days.Meanwhile,a decrease in comfortable day conditions by 22%person-days is found despite an increase in climate-based comfortable days.Analysis of the different contributions to the changes(climate,population,and interactions between the two)show that climate effects play a more important role in the hot end of the thermal comfort categories,while the population effects tend to be dominant in the cold categories.Thus,overall,even a mid-level warming scenario is found to increase the thermal stress over China,although there is a strong geographical dependence.The inclusion of population exposure strongly modulates the climateonly signal,which highlights the need for including socioeconomic factors in the assessment of risks associated with climate change.展开更多
Based on simulations of 18 CMIP5 models under three RCP scenarios, this article investigates changes in mean temperature and precipitation and their extremes over Asia in the context of global warming targets of 1.5-4...Based on simulations of 18 CMIP5 models under three RCP scenarios, this article investigates changes in mean temperature and precipitation and their extremes over Asia in the context of global warming targets of 1.5-4 ℃, and further compares the differences between 1.5 ℃ and 2 ℃ targets. Results show that relative to the pre-industrial era, the mean temperature over Asia increases by 2.3 ℃, 3.0 ℃, 4.6 ℃, and 6.0 ℃ at warming targets of 1.5 ℃, 2 ℃, 3 ℃, and 4 ℃, respectively, with stronger warming in high latitudes than in low latitudes. The corresponding enhancement in mean precipitation over the entire Asian region is 4.4%, 5.8%, 10.2%, and 13.0%, with significant regional differences. In addition, an increase in warm extremes, a decrease in cold extremes, and a strengthening in the variability of amounts of extreme precipitation are projected. Under the 1.5 ℃ target, compared with the climate under the 2 ℃ target, the mean temperature will be lower by 0.5-1 ℃ over Asia; the mean precipitation will be less by 5%-20% over most of Asia, but will be greater by about 10%-15% over West Asia and western South Asia; extreme high temperatures will be uniformly cooler throughout the Asian region, and the warming in extreme low temperatures will decrease significantly in high latitudes of Asia; extreme precipitation will be weaker over most of Asia but will be stronger over West Asia and western South Asia. Under the 1.5 ℃ and 2 ℃ warming targets, the probability of very hot weather （anomalies greater than 1σ, σ is standard deviation）, extremely hot weather （anomalies greater than 3or）, and extremely heavy precipitation （anomalies greater than 3σ） occurring will increase by at least once, 10%, and 10%, respectively, compared to the reference period （1861-1900）.展开更多
A regional climate model （RegCM4） is em- ployed to investigate the impacts of land use/cover change （LUCC） on the climate over the eastern part of Northwest China （ENW） in the periods of 2001 and 2011. The re- s...A regional climate model （RegCM4） is em- ployed to investigate the impacts of land use/cover change （LUCC） on the climate over the eastern part of Northwest China （ENW） in the periods of 2001 and 2011. The re- sults indicated that the LUCC in ENW, which was char-acterized by desert retreat, reforestation, and farmland expansion, led to significant local changes in surface air temperature （within -0.3℃） and slight regional changes in precipitation （within -15%） in summer. In the desert retreat area, the net absorbed shortwave radiation had a greater influence than evaporative cooling, leading to increases in the daily mean and maximum temperature. Besides, the daily mean and maximum temperatures in- creased in the reforestation area but decreased in the farmland expansion area. As surface albedo showed no significant change in these regions, the temperature in- crease in the reforestation area can be attributed to a decrease in evaporation, while the opposite effect appears to have been the case in the farmland expansion area.展开更多
文摘目的探讨睡眠质量与D型人格的关系以及睡眠信念和态度在D型人格与睡眠质量关系间的中介作用。方法整群抽样某疗养中心142例工作人员,施测匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)、简式睡眠个人信念和态度量表(dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep,DBAS-16)和D型人格量表(type D personality scale-14,DS14),采用t检验、相关分析、回归分析、结构方程构建等方法分析数据。结果睡眠障碍组在DBAS-16中对失眠的担忧,对失眠后果的错误信念,对睡眠不合理期望,对药物的认识4个维度得分均低于睡眠正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),在DS14负性情感维度得分高于睡眠正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PSQI总分与DBAS-16中各维度得分均呈负相关(P<0.01),与DS14中负性情感和社交抑制两个维度得分呈正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01)。多元回归分析结果表明,担忧和负性情感对低睡眠质量有显著预测作用,模型的决定系数R^(2)为35.0%。睡眠信念和态度在D型人格与低睡眠质量之间起完全中介作用。睡眠质量与D型人格、睡眠信念和态度的结构方程模型的主要拟合指数为χ^(2)/df=1.963。结论对睡眠的担忧和负性情感是低睡眠质量的显著预测因子。D型人格与低睡眠质量相关,可通过睡眠信念和态度的中介作用影响睡眠质量。
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFA0600704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41375104)
文摘A set of high resolution(25 km)21st century climate change projections using the regional climate model RegCM4 driven by four global model simulations were conducted over East Asia under the mid-range RCP4.5 scenario.In the present paper,the authors investigate the change in thermal comfort conditions over china based on an ensemble of the projections,using the index of effective temperature(ET),which considers the aggregate effects of temperature,relative humidity,and wind on human thermal perception.The analysis also accounts for exposure as measured by distributed population amount scenarios.The authors find that the general increase in ET leads to a large increase in population exposure to very hot days(a China-aggregated sixfold increase in‘person-days’by the end of the 21st century.There is a decrease in cool,cold,and very cold person-days.Meanwhile,a decrease in comfortable day conditions by 22%person-days is found despite an increase in climate-based comfortable days.Analysis of the different contributions to the changes(climate,population,and interactions between the two)show that climate effects play a more important role in the hot end of the thermal comfort categories,while the population effects tend to be dominant in the cold categories.Thus,overall,even a mid-level warming scenario is found to increase the thermal stress over China,although there is a strong geographical dependence.The inclusion of population exposure strongly modulates the climateonly signal,which highlights the need for including socioeconomic factors in the assessment of risks associated with climate change.
基金Acknowledgments This research was jointly supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China （2016YFA0600701）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （41675069）, and the Climate Change Specific Fund of China （CCSF201731）.
文摘Based on simulations of 18 CMIP5 models under three RCP scenarios, this article investigates changes in mean temperature and precipitation and their extremes over Asia in the context of global warming targets of 1.5-4 ℃, and further compares the differences between 1.5 ℃ and 2 ℃ targets. Results show that relative to the pre-industrial era, the mean temperature over Asia increases by 2.3 ℃, 3.0 ℃, 4.6 ℃, and 6.0 ℃ at warming targets of 1.5 ℃, 2 ℃, 3 ℃, and 4 ℃, respectively, with stronger warming in high latitudes than in low latitudes. The corresponding enhancement in mean precipitation over the entire Asian region is 4.4%, 5.8%, 10.2%, and 13.0%, with significant regional differences. In addition, an increase in warm extremes, a decrease in cold extremes, and a strengthening in the variability of amounts of extreme precipitation are projected. Under the 1.5 ℃ target, compared with the climate under the 2 ℃ target, the mean temperature will be lower by 0.5-1 ℃ over Asia; the mean precipitation will be less by 5%-20% over most of Asia, but will be greater by about 10%-15% over West Asia and western South Asia; extreme high temperatures will be uniformly cooler throughout the Asian region, and the warming in extreme low temperatures will decrease significantly in high latitudes of Asia; extreme precipitation will be weaker over most of Asia but will be stronger over West Asia and western South Asia. Under the 1.5 ℃ and 2 ℃ warming targets, the probability of very hot weather （anomalies greater than 1σ, σ is standard deviation）, extremely hot weather （anomalies greater than 3or）, and extremely heavy precipitation （anomalies greater than 3σ） occurring will increase by at least once, 10%, and 10%, respectively, compared to the reference period （1861-1900）.
基金supported by the Laboratory for Climate Studies Open Funds for Young Scholars (2014)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41405101 and 41375104)the R&D Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology) (Grant No. GYHY201306019)
文摘A regional climate model （RegCM4） is em- ployed to investigate the impacts of land use/cover change （LUCC） on the climate over the eastern part of Northwest China （ENW） in the periods of 2001 and 2011. The re- sults indicated that the LUCC in ENW, which was char-acterized by desert retreat, reforestation, and farmland expansion, led to significant local changes in surface air temperature （within -0.3℃） and slight regional changes in precipitation （within -15%） in summer. In the desert retreat area, the net absorbed shortwave radiation had a greater influence than evaporative cooling, leading to increases in the daily mean and maximum temperature. Besides, the daily mean and maximum temperatures in- creased in the reforestation area but decreased in the farmland expansion area. As surface albedo showed no significant change in these regions, the temperature in- crease in the reforestation area can be attributed to a decrease in evaporation, while the opposite effect appears to have been the case in the farmland expansion area.
