目的构建一套科学规范且符合冠心病监护病房(coronary heart care unit,CCU)工作的护理质量客观评价体系。方法以结构-过程-结果三维质量评价模式为理论基础,采用德尔菲法进行两轮专家函询,确定评价指标各层级条目,最终形成CCU护理质量...目的构建一套科学规范且符合冠心病监护病房(coronary heart care unit,CCU)工作的护理质量客观评价体系。方法以结构-过程-结果三维质量评价模式为理论基础,采用德尔菲法进行两轮专家函询,确定评价指标各层级条目,最终形成CCU护理质量客观评价指标体系。结果两轮函询专家积极系数为88.89%、100.00%,权威系数为0.858和0.865,专家意见协调程度较好;形成包括4项一级指标、8项二级指标和14项三级指标的CCU护理质量客观评价指标体系。结论构建的CCU护理质量客观评价指标体系对CCU护理管理工作提出了明确要求和质量标准,具有良好的可操作性,能用于评价CCU护理管理质量。展开更多
Based on the framework of the United Nations Millennium Ecosystem Assessment(MA),this paper evaluated the ecosystem cultural service value in Qilian Mountain National Park,Qinghai Province.The study mainly adopted Con...Based on the framework of the United Nations Millennium Ecosystem Assessment(MA),this paper evaluated the ecosystem cultural service value in Qilian Mountain National Park,Qinghai Province.The study mainly adopted Condition Value Method(CVM)and questionnaire survey to survey the local residents and tourists in September 2016,and obtained 1,468 valid questionnaires,as well as used the method of payment card to get the consumers’willingness to pay,and then estimated the ecosystem cultural services value in Qilian Mountain National Park,Qinghai Province through the mean of total willingness to pay of ecological tourism and recreation and aesthetic value.Through quantitative analysis,the study concluded that the ecosystem cultural service value of Qilian Mountain National Park in Qinghai Province was 1.045 billion yuan in 2016 and 1.3 billion yuan in 2018.In 2016 and 2018,the average annual values of ecotourism and recreation are 203 million yuan and 332 million yuan respectively,and the average annual values of aesthetics are 842 million yuan and 968 million yuan respectively.In addition,the study also suggests that Qilian Mountain National Park in Qinghai Province should pay attention to reflect the characteristics of the park,focus on enhancing the aesthetic value of it in the management,and build it into a replaceable and referential national park demonstration area and ecological culture demonstration point.展开更多
In order to compensate the dispersion accumulated in a single mode fiber(SMF)for higher communication capacity,a simplified dispersion-compensation microstructure fiber(DC-MSF)with seven cores is proposed in this pape...In order to compensate the dispersion accumulated in a single mode fiber(SMF)for higher communication capacity,a simplified dispersion-compensation microstructure fiber(DC-MSF)with seven cores is proposed in this paper.The fiber’s cladding is made of pure silica without air holes,and its outer cores are composed of six germanium up-doped cylinders,which has the advantage of simple structure.The finite element method(FEM)and beam propagation method(BPM)are used to study the properties of the fiber,and the relationship between the structural parameters of the fiber and the dispersion,as well as the phase matching wavelength,is obtained.By optimizing the structural parameters of the fiber,the dispersion of the fiber can reach-5291.47 ps·nm^(-1)·km^(-1) at 1550 nm,and the coupling loss to the conventional single-mode fiber is only 0.137 d B.Compared with the conventional dispersion-compensation fiber,the fiber has lots of advantages,such as single mode transmission,easy to fabricate and low coupling loss with traditional SMF,etc.展开更多
文摘目的构建一套科学规范且符合冠心病监护病房(coronary heart care unit,CCU)工作的护理质量客观评价体系。方法以结构-过程-结果三维质量评价模式为理论基础,采用德尔菲法进行两轮专家函询,确定评价指标各层级条目,最终形成CCU护理质量客观评价指标体系。结果两轮函询专家积极系数为88.89%、100.00%,权威系数为0.858和0.865,专家意见协调程度较好;形成包括4项一级指标、8项二级指标和14项三级指标的CCU护理质量客观评价指标体系。结论构建的CCU护理质量客观评价指标体系对CCU护理管理工作提出了明确要求和质量标准,具有良好的可操作性,能用于评价CCU护理管理质量。
基金supported by the major research projects(2017LD03)provided by the National Bureau of Statistics of China and the National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFC0500905)the authors would like to express heartfelt thanks to them.
文摘Based on the framework of the United Nations Millennium Ecosystem Assessment(MA),this paper evaluated the ecosystem cultural service value in Qilian Mountain National Park,Qinghai Province.The study mainly adopted Condition Value Method(CVM)and questionnaire survey to survey the local residents and tourists in September 2016,and obtained 1,468 valid questionnaires,as well as used the method of payment card to get the consumers’willingness to pay,and then estimated the ecosystem cultural services value in Qilian Mountain National Park,Qinghai Province through the mean of total willingness to pay of ecological tourism and recreation and aesthetic value.Through quantitative analysis,the study concluded that the ecosystem cultural service value of Qilian Mountain National Park in Qinghai Province was 1.045 billion yuan in 2016 and 1.3 billion yuan in 2018.In 2016 and 2018,the average annual values of ecotourism and recreation are 203 million yuan and 332 million yuan respectively,and the average annual values of aesthetics are 842 million yuan and 968 million yuan respectively.In addition,the study also suggests that Qilian Mountain National Park in Qinghai Province should pay attention to reflect the characteristics of the park,focus on enhancing the aesthetic value of it in the management,and build it into a replaceable and referential national park demonstration area and ecological culture demonstration point.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.F2021203002)the Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department(No.ZD2021409)+2 种基金the Research Projects of Talent Project Training Funds of Hebei Province(No.C20221067)the Talent Project of Tangshan City(No.A202110009)the Science and Technology Project of Tangshan City(No.22130216G)。
文摘In order to compensate the dispersion accumulated in a single mode fiber(SMF)for higher communication capacity,a simplified dispersion-compensation microstructure fiber(DC-MSF)with seven cores is proposed in this paper.The fiber’s cladding is made of pure silica without air holes,and its outer cores are composed of six germanium up-doped cylinders,which has the advantage of simple structure.The finite element method(FEM)and beam propagation method(BPM)are used to study the properties of the fiber,and the relationship between the structural parameters of the fiber and the dispersion,as well as the phase matching wavelength,is obtained.By optimizing the structural parameters of the fiber,the dispersion of the fiber can reach-5291.47 ps·nm^(-1)·km^(-1) at 1550 nm,and the coupling loss to the conventional single-mode fiber is only 0.137 d B.Compared with the conventional dispersion-compensation fiber,the fiber has lots of advantages,such as single mode transmission,easy to fabricate and low coupling loss with traditional SMF,etc.
