BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common types of cancers worldwide,ranking fifth among men and seventh among women,resulting in more than 7 million deaths annually.With the development of med...BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common types of cancers worldwide,ranking fifth among men and seventh among women,resulting in more than 7 million deaths annually.With the development of medical tech-nology,the 5-year survival rate of HCC patients can be increased to 70%.How-ever,HCC patients are often at increased risk of cardiovascular disease(CVD)death due to exposure to potentially cardiotoxic treatments compared with non-HCC patients.Moreover,CVD and cancer have become major disease burdens worldwide.Thus,further research is needed to lessen the risk of CVD death in HCC patient survivors.METHODS This study was conducted on the basis of the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results database and included HCC patients with a diagnosis period from 2010 to 2015.The independent risk factors were identified using the Fine-Gray model.A nomograph was constructed to predict the CVM in HCC patients.The nomograph performance was measured using Harrell’s concordance index(C-index),calibration curve,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,and area under the ROC curve(AUC)value.Moreover,the net benefit was estimated via decision curve analysis(DCA).RESULTS The study included 21545 HCC patients,of whom 619 died of CVD.Age(<60)[1.981(1.573-2.496),P<0.001],marital status(married)[unmarried:1.370(1.076-1.745),P=0.011],alpha fetoprotein(normal)[0.778(0.640-0.946),P=0.012],tumor size(≤2 cm)[(2,5]cm:1.420(1.060-1.903),P=0.019;>5 cm:2.090(1.543-2.830),P<0.001],surgery(no)[0.376(0.297-0.476),P<0.001],and chemotherapy(none/unknown)[0.578(0.472-0.709),P<0.001]were independent risk factors for CVD death in HCC patients.The discrimination and calibration of the nomograph were better.The C-index values for the training and validation sets were 0.736 and 0.665,respectively.The AUC values of the ROC curves at 2,4,and 6 years were 0.702,0.725,0.740 in the training set and 0.697,0.710,0.744 in the validation set,respectively.The calibration curves showed that the predicted probab-ilities of the CVM prediction model in the training set vs the validation set were largely consistent with the actual probabilities.DCA demonstrated that the prediction model has a high net benefit.CONCLUSION Risk factors for CVD death in HCC patients were investigated for the first time.The nomograph served as an important reference tool for relevant clinical management decisions.展开更多
AIM: To investigate whether the gene variants in MYOC and ABCA1 are associated with primary angle-closure glaucoma(PACG) and anterior chamber depth(ACD) and axial length(AL) in samples from northern China. METHODS: Th...AIM: To investigate whether the gene variants in MYOC and ABCA1 are associated with primary angle-closure glaucoma(PACG) and anterior chamber depth(ACD) and axial length(AL) in samples from northern China. METHODS: The present case-control association study consisted of 500 PACG patients and 720 unrelated controls. Each participant was genotyped for eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in MYOC and ABCA1 genes(rs12076134, rs183532, rs235875 and rs235913 in MYOC, rs2422493, rs2487042, rs2472496, rs2472493, rs2487032, rs2472459 and rs2472519 near ABCA1) using an improved multiplex ligation detection reaction(iMLDR) technique. The genetic association analyses were performed by PLINK using a logistic regression model. The association between genotypes and ocular biometric parameters was performed by SPSS using generalized estimation equation. Bonferroni corrections wereimplemented and the statistical power was calculated by the Power and Sample Size Calculation. RESULTS: Two SNPs rs183532 and rs235875 as well as a haplotype TTC in MYOC were nominally associated with PACG despite the significance was lost after Bonferroni correction. No association was observed between ABCA1 and PACG, neither did the association between these variants and ACD as well as AL. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests MYOC and ABCA1 do not play a part in the pathogenesis of PACG as well as the regulation of ocular biometric parameters in a northern Chinese population. Further investigations with large sample size are needed to verify this consequence.展开更多
Using scanning electron microscopy, we investigated the distribution of the trichoid, basiconic, and coeloconic sensilla on the antennae of the diamondback moth (DBM;Plutella xylostella). The trichoid sensilla were ...Using scanning electron microscopy, we investigated the distribution of the trichoid, basiconic, and coeloconic sensilla on the antennae of the diamondback moth (DBM;Plutella xylostella). The trichoid sensilla were the most abundant sensory organ, and the male moth antennae host signiifcantly more trichoid sensilla than female moth antennae. Conversely, basiconic and coeloconic sensilla were found more frequently on female than on male antennae. We performed experiments with various degrees of antennal ablation and demonstrated that DBM antennae played a key role in the control of mating and oviposition. We found that neither oviposition preference nor mating behaviors changed signiifcantly when less than 1/4 of both antennae were removed. However, there was a signiifcant behavioral change when the antennae were ablated by more than half. As the length of the antenna was shortened, the successful mating rate decreased and mating peak was delayed. An otherwise consistent host preference for oviposition was eliminated when both antennae were completely removed. Furthermore, we found that the number of trichoid sensilla was positively correlated with mating rate and oviposition preference. However, the numbers of basiconic and coeloconic sensilla were not correlated with mating rate and mating peak, but highly correlated with oviposition preference. Taken together, our results indicate that antennal sensory information plays a critical role in the mating and oviposition behaviors of this economically important pest.展开更多
Background and aims:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the leading causes of cancer death.Multi-pathway combination therapy is used to treat HCC,and immunotherapy is also a routine part of treatment.As a major com...Background and aims:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the leading causes of cancer death.Multi-pathway combination therapy is used to treat HCC,and immunotherapy is also a routine part of treatment.As a major component of the tumor microenvironment(TME),cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs)actively participate in cancer progression through complex functions.However,because CAFs dynamically change during cancer development,most of the current treatment strategies targeting CAFs fail.We created a prognostic CAF marker gene signature(CAFMGS)to investigate the utility of CAFs as a prognostic factor and therapeutic target.Methods:Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)single-cell RNA sequencing(Sc-RNA-seq)data were analyzed to identify CAF marker genes in HCC.The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database was used as a training cohort to construct the CAFMGS model and the International Cancer Genome Consortium(ICGC)dataset was used to validate the CAFMGS.Results:Marker genes in the CAFMGS model were(0.0001-SPP1),(0.0084-VCX3A),(0.0015-HMGA1),(0.0082-PLOD2),and(0.0075-CACYBP).The CAFMGS_score was separated into high-risk and low-risk groups based on the median of the patients’OS.Univariate and multivariate analyses confirmed that CAFMGS_score was an independent prognostic factor in the training group.CAFMGS_score was a more accurate prognostic indicator compared with clinicopathological score and tumor mutational burden score.Conclusion:CAFMGS offers a fresh perspective on stromal cell marker genes in HCC prognosis and expands our knowledge of CAF heterogeneity and functional diversity,perhaps paving the way for CAF-targeted immunotherapy in HCC patients.展开更多
单个氨基酸的变体(SAV ) 的察觉通常取决于单个核苷酸的多型性(SNP ) 数据库。这里,我们描述发现在 proteome 的 SAV 铺平 SNP 数据的独立人士的一个新奇方法。用定序算法的集体基于 spectrometry 的 de novo,肽候选人被识别并且与理...单个氨基酸的变体(SAV ) 的察觉通常取决于单个核苷酸的多型性(SNP ) 数据库。这里,我们描述发现在 proteome 的 SAV 铺平 SNP 数据的独立人士的一个新奇方法。用定序算法的集体基于 spectrometry 的 de novo,肽候选人被识别并且与理论蛋白质数据库到相比在配对策略下面产生 SAV,它被数据库研究到控制跟随假发现率。在人的大脑纸巾,我们能充满信心地识别知道并且有多样的起源的新奇蛋白质变体。与 DNA/RNA 定序结合了,我们证实 SAV 源于 DNA 变化,拼接的 RNA 选择,和未知 post-transcriptional 机制。而且,在人的大脑纸巾的定量分析揭示 SAV 的几织物特定的微分表情。这条途径提供新奇存取给蛋白质变体的高产量的察觉,它可以为临床的 biomarker 发现和机械学的研究提供潜力。展开更多
We report a watt-level passively Q switched 2.8μm mid-infrared multi-mode fiber laser by employing multi-layered two dimensional MXene-Ti3C2Tx as the saturable absorber(SA).The MXene-Ti3C2Tx is fabricated by selectiv...We report a watt-level passively Q switched 2.8μm mid-infrared multi-mode fiber laser by employing multi-layered two dimensional MXene-Ti3C2Tx as the saturable absorber(SA).The MXene-Ti3C2Tx is fabricated by selectively etching aluminum layers in Ti3AlC2.The non-saturable loss,modulation depth,and saturable inten-sity of the SA at 2866 nm were measured to be 25.0%,33.2%,and 0.043 GW/cm^2,respectively.The maximum average output power of the Ti3C2Tx Q-switched fiber laser reached 1.09 W at 28.23%slope fficiency.The pulse repetition rate,shortest pulse width,pulse peak power,and single-pulse energy were 78.12 kHz,1.04μs,13.4 W,and 13.93μJ,respectively.This is the frst demonstration of watt-level pulse gencration in a mid-infrared fiber laser using low dimensional materials,to the best of our knowledge.These results indicate that the Ti3C2Tx is a reliable and superior broadband SA for high power mid-infrared pulsed laser generation.展开更多
Electromagnetic vortices, which describe the orbital angular momentum(OAM) carrying waves with a helical phase front, have recently attracted much interest in a radio frequency domain due to their potential applicatio...Electromagnetic vortices, which describe the orbital angular momentum(OAM) carrying waves with a helical phase front, have recently attracted much interest in a radio frequency domain due to their potential applications in many diverse areas. In an OAM-based scenario, the antenna for OAM mode multiplexing/demultiplexing plays an essential role in controlling the overall system performance. In this paper, we demonstrated theoretically and experimentally an easily realized OAM antenna based on the traveling-wave circular loop structure for efficiently multiplexing/demultiplexing multiple OAM modes; in addition, its general propagation characteristics including the polarization, divergence, and radiation pattern are mathematically analyzed. Schemes for antenna size reduction and various radiation pattern manipulations have also been discussed to realize a more flexible and compact system.展开更多
Spurious-free dynamic range(SFDR)limited by intermodulation distortions is a usually accepted measure for dynamic performance of a photonic time-stretched analog-to-digital converter(ADC).In this paper,SFDR improvemen...Spurious-free dynamic range(SFDR)limited by intermodulation distortions is a usually accepted measure for dynamic performance of a photonic time-stretched analog-to-digital converter(ADC).In this paper,SFDR improvement in a photonic time-stretched ADC based on third-order predistortion is proposed.The third-order predistortion is achieved optically within an integrated dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator(DPMZM).The mechanism of SFDR improvement with third-order predistortion in the DPMZM is theoretically analyzed.Compared with a conventional scheme without predistortion,the experimental results show that the SFDR improvement of∼26 dB in the proposed scheme is proved.展开更多
基金Health Technology Project of Tianjin,No.ZC20175.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common types of cancers worldwide,ranking fifth among men and seventh among women,resulting in more than 7 million deaths annually.With the development of medical tech-nology,the 5-year survival rate of HCC patients can be increased to 70%.How-ever,HCC patients are often at increased risk of cardiovascular disease(CVD)death due to exposure to potentially cardiotoxic treatments compared with non-HCC patients.Moreover,CVD and cancer have become major disease burdens worldwide.Thus,further research is needed to lessen the risk of CVD death in HCC patient survivors.METHODS This study was conducted on the basis of the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results database and included HCC patients with a diagnosis period from 2010 to 2015.The independent risk factors were identified using the Fine-Gray model.A nomograph was constructed to predict the CVM in HCC patients.The nomograph performance was measured using Harrell’s concordance index(C-index),calibration curve,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,and area under the ROC curve(AUC)value.Moreover,the net benefit was estimated via decision curve analysis(DCA).RESULTS The study included 21545 HCC patients,of whom 619 died of CVD.Age(<60)[1.981(1.573-2.496),P<0.001],marital status(married)[unmarried:1.370(1.076-1.745),P=0.011],alpha fetoprotein(normal)[0.778(0.640-0.946),P=0.012],tumor size(≤2 cm)[(2,5]cm:1.420(1.060-1.903),P=0.019;>5 cm:2.090(1.543-2.830),P<0.001],surgery(no)[0.376(0.297-0.476),P<0.001],and chemotherapy(none/unknown)[0.578(0.472-0.709),P<0.001]were independent risk factors for CVD death in HCC patients.The discrimination and calibration of the nomograph were better.The C-index values for the training and validation sets were 0.736 and 0.665,respectively.The AUC values of the ROC curves at 2,4,and 6 years were 0.702,0.725,0.740 in the training set and 0.697,0.710,0.744 in the validation set,respectively.The calibration curves showed that the predicted probab-ilities of the CVM prediction model in the training set vs the validation set were largely consistent with the actual probabilities.DCA demonstrated that the prediction model has a high net benefit.CONCLUSION Risk factors for CVD death in HCC patients were investigated for the first time.The nomograph served as an important reference tool for relevant clinical management decisions.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81460093)the Ningxia Nature Science Funding from the Department of Science and Technology of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(No.NZ16194)
文摘AIM: To investigate whether the gene variants in MYOC and ABCA1 are associated with primary angle-closure glaucoma(PACG) and anterior chamber depth(ACD) and axial length(AL) in samples from northern China. METHODS: The present case-control association study consisted of 500 PACG patients and 720 unrelated controls. Each participant was genotyped for eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in MYOC and ABCA1 genes(rs12076134, rs183532, rs235875 and rs235913 in MYOC, rs2422493, rs2487042, rs2472496, rs2472493, rs2487032, rs2472459 and rs2472519 near ABCA1) using an improved multiplex ligation detection reaction(iMLDR) technique. The genetic association analyses were performed by PLINK using a logistic regression model. The association between genotypes and ocular biometric parameters was performed by SPSS using generalized estimation equation. Bonferroni corrections wereimplemented and the statistical power was calculated by the Power and Sample Size Calculation. RESULTS: Two SNPs rs183532 and rs235875 as well as a haplotype TTC in MYOC were nominally associated with PACG despite the significance was lost after Bonferroni correction. No association was observed between ABCA1 and PACG, neither did the association between these variants and ACD as well as AL. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests MYOC and ABCA1 do not play a part in the pathogenesis of PACG as well as the regulation of ocular biometric parameters in a northern Chinese population. Further investigations with large sample size are needed to verify this consequence.
基金supported by the One Hundred Talents Program of Shanxi Province,China (201144)the Key Science and Technology Project of Shanxi Province,China (200903110300)
文摘Using scanning electron microscopy, we investigated the distribution of the trichoid, basiconic, and coeloconic sensilla on the antennae of the diamondback moth (DBM;Plutella xylostella). The trichoid sensilla were the most abundant sensory organ, and the male moth antennae host signiifcantly more trichoid sensilla than female moth antennae. Conversely, basiconic and coeloconic sensilla were found more frequently on female than on male antennae. We performed experiments with various degrees of antennal ablation and demonstrated that DBM antennae played a key role in the control of mating and oviposition. We found that neither oviposition preference nor mating behaviors changed signiifcantly when less than 1/4 of both antennae were removed. However, there was a signiifcant behavioral change when the antennae were ablated by more than half. As the length of the antenna was shortened, the successful mating rate decreased and mating peak was delayed. An otherwise consistent host preference for oviposition was eliminated when both antennae were completely removed. Furthermore, we found that the number of trichoid sensilla was positively correlated with mating rate and oviposition preference. However, the numbers of basiconic and coeloconic sensilla were not correlated with mating rate and mating peak, but highly correlated with oviposition preference. Taken together, our results indicate that antennal sensory information plays a critical role in the mating and oviposition behaviors of this economically important pest.
基金supported by The Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(20JCYBJC01310)The Tianjin Science and Technology Project(19ZXDBSY00010)The Tianjin Health Science and Technology Project(TJWJ2021ZD002).
文摘Background and aims:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the leading causes of cancer death.Multi-pathway combination therapy is used to treat HCC,and immunotherapy is also a routine part of treatment.As a major component of the tumor microenvironment(TME),cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs)actively participate in cancer progression through complex functions.However,because CAFs dynamically change during cancer development,most of the current treatment strategies targeting CAFs fail.We created a prognostic CAF marker gene signature(CAFMGS)to investigate the utility of CAFs as a prognostic factor and therapeutic target.Methods:Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)single-cell RNA sequencing(Sc-RNA-seq)data were analyzed to identify CAF marker genes in HCC.The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database was used as a training cohort to construct the CAFMGS model and the International Cancer Genome Consortium(ICGC)dataset was used to validate the CAFMGS.Results:Marker genes in the CAFMGS model were(0.0001-SPP1),(0.0084-VCX3A),(0.0015-HMGA1),(0.0082-PLOD2),and(0.0075-CACYBP).The CAFMGS_score was separated into high-risk and low-risk groups based on the median of the patients’OS.Univariate and multivariate analyses confirmed that CAFMGS_score was an independent prognostic factor in the training group.CAFMGS_score was a more accurate prognostic indicator compared with clinicopathological score and tumor mutational burden score.Conclusion:CAFMGS offers a fresh perspective on stromal cell marker genes in HCC prognosis and expands our knowledge of CAF heterogeneity and functional diversity,perhaps paving the way for CAF-targeted immunotherapy in HCC patients.
文摘单个氨基酸的变体(SAV ) 的察觉通常取决于单个核苷酸的多型性(SNP ) 数据库。这里,我们描述发现在 proteome 的 SAV 铺平 SNP 数据的独立人士的一个新奇方法。用定序算法的集体基于 spectrometry 的 de novo,肽候选人被识别并且与理论蛋白质数据库到相比在配对策略下面产生 SAV,它被数据库研究到控制跟随假发现率。在人的大脑纸巾,我们能充满信心地识别知道并且有多样的起源的新奇蛋白质变体。与 DNA/RNA 定序结合了,我们证实 SAV 源于 DNA 变化,拼接的 RNA 选择,和未知 post-transcriptional 机制。而且,在人的大脑纸巾的定量分析揭示 SAV 的几织物特定的微分表情。这条途径提供新奇存取给蛋白质变体的高产量的察觉,它可以为临床的 biomarker 发现和机械学的研究提供潜力。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(61875033,61705147,61775031,61421002)Chengdu Science and Technology Huimin Project(2016-HM01-00269-SF,2016 HM01-00265-SF)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Y]201654).
文摘We report a watt-level passively Q switched 2.8μm mid-infrared multi-mode fiber laser by employing multi-layered two dimensional MXene-Ti3C2Tx as the saturable absorber(SA).The MXene-Ti3C2Tx is fabricated by selectively etching aluminum layers in Ti3AlC2.The non-saturable loss,modulation depth,and saturable inten-sity of the SA at 2866 nm were measured to be 25.0%,33.2%,and 0.043 GW/cm^2,respectively.The maximum average output power of the Ti3C2Tx Q-switched fiber laser reached 1.09 W at 28.23%slope fficiency.The pulse repetition rate,shortest pulse width,pulse peak power,and single-pulse energy were 78.12 kHz,1.04μs,13.4 W,and 13.93μJ,respectively.This is the frst demonstration of watt-level pulse gencration in a mid-infrared fiber laser using low dimensional materials,to the best of our knowledge.These results indicate that the Ti3C2Tx is a reliable and superior broadband SA for high power mid-infrared pulsed laser generation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(61371030,61571391)National Basic Research Program of China(973 program)(2014CB340005)
文摘Electromagnetic vortices, which describe the orbital angular momentum(OAM) carrying waves with a helical phase front, have recently attracted much interest in a radio frequency domain due to their potential applications in many diverse areas. In an OAM-based scenario, the antenna for OAM mode multiplexing/demultiplexing plays an essential role in controlling the overall system performance. In this paper, we demonstrated theoretically and experimentally an easily realized OAM antenna based on the traveling-wave circular loop structure for efficiently multiplexing/demultiplexing multiple OAM modes; in addition, its general propagation characteristics including the polarization, divergence, and radiation pattern are mathematically analyzed. Schemes for antenna size reduction and various radiation pattern manipulations have also been discussed to realize a more flexible and compact system.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(Grant No.2012CB315703)the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61371029 and 60971060).
文摘Spurious-free dynamic range(SFDR)limited by intermodulation distortions is a usually accepted measure for dynamic performance of a photonic time-stretched analog-to-digital converter(ADC).In this paper,SFDR improvement in a photonic time-stretched ADC based on third-order predistortion is proposed.The third-order predistortion is achieved optically within an integrated dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator(DPMZM).The mechanism of SFDR improvement with third-order predistortion in the DPMZM is theoretically analyzed.Compared with a conventional scheme without predistortion,the experimental results show that the SFDR improvement of∼26 dB in the proposed scheme is proved.