Understanding the distribution and dynamics of glaciers is of great significance to the management and allocation of regional water resources and socio-economic development in arid regions of Northwest China.In this s...Understanding the distribution and dynamics of glaciers is of great significance to the management and allocation of regional water resources and socio-economic development in arid regions of Northwest China.In this study,based on 36 Landsat images,we extracted the glacier boundaries in the Manas River Basin,Northwest China from 2000 to 2020 using eCognition combined with band operation,GIS(geographic information system)spatial overlay techniques,and manual visual interpretation.We further analyzed the distribution and variation characteristics of glacier area,and simulated glacial runoff using a distributed degree-day model to explore the regulation of runoff recharge.The results showed that glacier area in the Manas River Basin as a whole showed a downward trend over the past 21 a,with a decrease of 10.86%and an average change rate of–0.54%/a.With the increase in glacier scale,the number of smaller glaciers decreased exponentially,and the number and area of larger glaciers were relatively stable.Glacier area showed a normal distribution trend of increasing first and then decreasing with elevation.About 97.92%of glaciers were distributed at 3700–4800 m,and 48.11%of glaciers were observed on the northern and northeastern slopes.The retreat rate of glaciers was the fastest(68.82%)at elevations below 3800 m.There was a clear rise in elevation at the end of glaciers.Glaciers at different slope directions showed a rapid melting trend from the western slope to the southern slope then to the northern slope.Glacial runoff in the basin showed a fluctuating upward trend in the past 21 a,with an increase rate of 0.03×10^(8) m^(3)/a.The average annual glacial runoff was 4.80×10^(8) m^(3),of which 33.31%was distributed in the ablation season(June–September).The average annual contribution rate of glacial meltwater to river runoff was 35.40%,and glacial runoff accounted for 45.37%of the total runoff during the ablation season.In addition,precipitation and glacial runoff had complementary regulation patterns for river runoff.The findings can provide a scientific basis for water resource management in the Manas River Basin and other similar arid inland river basins.展开更多
以玉龙喀什河流域为研究区,使用中国气象同化驱动数据集(the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT Model,CMADS)驱动SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)水文模型进行径流模拟,评估了CMADS在该流域的精...以玉龙喀什河流域为研究区,使用中国气象同化驱动数据集(the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT Model,CMADS)驱动SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)水文模型进行径流模拟,评估了CMADS在该流域的精度以及对SWAT模型的适用性。结果表明:(1)CMADS的降水、最高气温和最低气温与地面水文测站获取的相应参数的相关系数分别达到了0.650、0.998和0.995,对气温的模拟结果明显优于降水;并利用协同克里金插值分析了CMADS在研究区的降水、最高气温和最低气温的时空分布特征,表明该数据集能够很好地反映下垫面地形特征,具有较高的质量。(2)SWAT模型在模拟月尺度径流方面,除极值模拟较差以外,率定期和验证期的纳什效率系数(Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency Coefficient,NSE)分别达到了0.845和0.836,取得了较为满意的模拟结果。本文证明了CMADS+SWAT模式对高寒山区的水文模拟有很好的适用性,提供了在地面站点稀缺地区构建水文模型的替代方案,对寒旱区的水文模拟起到了一定的促进作用。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52169005)the Support Plan for Innovation and Development of Key Industries in southern Xinjiang,China(2022DB024)the Corps Science and Technology Innovation Talents Program Project of China(2023CB008-08).
文摘Understanding the distribution and dynamics of glaciers is of great significance to the management and allocation of regional water resources and socio-economic development in arid regions of Northwest China.In this study,based on 36 Landsat images,we extracted the glacier boundaries in the Manas River Basin,Northwest China from 2000 to 2020 using eCognition combined with band operation,GIS(geographic information system)spatial overlay techniques,and manual visual interpretation.We further analyzed the distribution and variation characteristics of glacier area,and simulated glacial runoff using a distributed degree-day model to explore the regulation of runoff recharge.The results showed that glacier area in the Manas River Basin as a whole showed a downward trend over the past 21 a,with a decrease of 10.86%and an average change rate of–0.54%/a.With the increase in glacier scale,the number of smaller glaciers decreased exponentially,and the number and area of larger glaciers were relatively stable.Glacier area showed a normal distribution trend of increasing first and then decreasing with elevation.About 97.92%of glaciers were distributed at 3700–4800 m,and 48.11%of glaciers were observed on the northern and northeastern slopes.The retreat rate of glaciers was the fastest(68.82%)at elevations below 3800 m.There was a clear rise in elevation at the end of glaciers.Glaciers at different slope directions showed a rapid melting trend from the western slope to the southern slope then to the northern slope.Glacial runoff in the basin showed a fluctuating upward trend in the past 21 a,with an increase rate of 0.03×10^(8) m^(3)/a.The average annual glacial runoff was 4.80×10^(8) m^(3),of which 33.31%was distributed in the ablation season(June–September).The average annual contribution rate of glacial meltwater to river runoff was 35.40%,and glacial runoff accounted for 45.37%of the total runoff during the ablation season.In addition,precipitation and glacial runoff had complementary regulation patterns for river runoff.The findings can provide a scientific basis for water resource management in the Manas River Basin and other similar arid inland river basins.
文摘以玉龙喀什河流域为研究区,使用中国气象同化驱动数据集(the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT Model,CMADS)驱动SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)水文模型进行径流模拟,评估了CMADS在该流域的精度以及对SWAT模型的适用性。结果表明:(1)CMADS的降水、最高气温和最低气温与地面水文测站获取的相应参数的相关系数分别达到了0.650、0.998和0.995,对气温的模拟结果明显优于降水;并利用协同克里金插值分析了CMADS在研究区的降水、最高气温和最低气温的时空分布特征,表明该数据集能够很好地反映下垫面地形特征,具有较高的质量。(2)SWAT模型在模拟月尺度径流方面,除极值模拟较差以外,率定期和验证期的纳什效率系数(Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency Coefficient,NSE)分别达到了0.845和0.836,取得了较为满意的模拟结果。本文证明了CMADS+SWAT模式对高寒山区的水文模拟有很好的适用性,提供了在地面站点稀缺地区构建水文模型的替代方案,对寒旱区的水文模拟起到了一定的促进作用。
