After more than one year’s preparation, the first East Asia Mayors’ Forum (EAMF)was held in Kunming of Yunnan Province on December 2, 2003. Mayors or representatives from 23 cities of 11 countries, namely Bandar Ser...After more than one year’s preparation, the first East Asia Mayors’ Forum (EAMF)was held in Kunming of Yunnan Province on December 2, 2003. Mayors or representatives from 23 cities of 11 countries, namely Bandar Seri Begawan, Kuala Belait and Seria and Tutong of Brunei, Phnom Penh, Battambang and Siemreap Province of Cambodia, Surabaya of Indonesia,展开更多
近年来,以风电、光伏为代表的分布式能源发展迅速,然而其出力的不确定性可能会导致出力严重偏离预测值,出现极端恶劣的场景,从而给配电网规划工作与可靠、稳定运行带来挑战。在上述背景下,文章以适应分布式能源以及负荷的不确定性为目标...近年来,以风电、光伏为代表的分布式能源发展迅速,然而其出力的不确定性可能会导致出力严重偏离预测值,出现极端恶劣的场景,从而给配电网规划工作与可靠、稳定运行带来挑战。在上述背景下,文章以适应分布式能源以及负荷的不确定性为目标,以分布式电源的接入位置、安装数量以及新建线路为投资决策内容,提出了一种考虑极限场景的配电网鲁棒扩展规划方法。首先建立了配电网双层规划模型,通过大M法和二阶锥松弛将非线性模型转化为混合整数线性模型;其次,采用极限场景法处理随机变量,建立了基于极限场景法的配电网两阶段鲁棒规划模型;然后,采用了基于极限场景法的列和约束生成(column and constraint generation,C&CG)算法进行求解;最后,仿真算例表明,文章采用的鲁棒规划方法可以增强配电网在极端情况下的普遍适应能力,提高了配电网的可靠性和经济性。展开更多
Recently service orientation is becoming a mainstream approach for building large scale software systems. A key requirement in service-oriented design is the dependability of service. It stipulates that the behavior o...Recently service orientation is becoming a mainstream approach for building large scale software systems. A key requirement in service-oriented design is the dependability of service. It stipulates that the behavior of services is controllable. Formal models can aid in constructing software in a dependable manner. They can describe ser- vices precisely and compose them together consistently. This paper presents a strategy for service realization based on a novel layered formal model. When a service is provided or required via internet, the semantic consistency becomes critical issue, Our architecture tackles the issue by proposing a novel scheme： defining contract of a service to keep semantic information. Although service-oriented design is our prime target, the contract models, to a large extent, are independent of the framework of design and therefore applicable to large scale software design in general.展开更多
This paper presents a refinement calculus for service components. We model the behaviour of individual service by a guarded design, which enables one to separate the responsibility of clients from the commitment made ...This paper presents a refinement calculus for service components. We model the behaviour of individual service by a guarded design, which enables one to separate the responsibility of clients from the commitment made by the system, and to identify a component by a set of failures and divergences. Protocols are introduced to coordinate the interactions between a component with the external environment. We adopt the notion of process refinement to formalize the substitutivity of components, and provide a complete proof method based on the notion of simulations.展开更多
文摘After more than one year’s preparation, the first East Asia Mayors’ Forum (EAMF)was held in Kunming of Yunnan Province on December 2, 2003. Mayors or representatives from 23 cities of 11 countries, namely Bandar Seri Begawan, Kuala Belait and Seria and Tutong of Brunei, Phnom Penh, Battambang and Siemreap Province of Cambodia, Surabaya of Indonesia,
文摘近年来,以风电、光伏为代表的分布式能源发展迅速,然而其出力的不确定性可能会导致出力严重偏离预测值,出现极端恶劣的场景,从而给配电网规划工作与可靠、稳定运行带来挑战。在上述背景下,文章以适应分布式能源以及负荷的不确定性为目标,以分布式电源的接入位置、安装数量以及新建线路为投资决策内容,提出了一种考虑极限场景的配电网鲁棒扩展规划方法。首先建立了配电网双层规划模型,通过大M法和二阶锥松弛将非线性模型转化为混合整数线性模型;其次,采用极限场景法处理随机变量,建立了基于极限场景法的配电网两阶段鲁棒规划模型;然后,采用了基于极限场景法的列和约束生成(column and constraint generation,C&CG)算法进行求解;最后,仿真算例表明,文章采用的鲁棒规划方法可以增强配电网在极端情况下的普遍适应能力,提高了配电网的可靠性和经济性。
基金This work was supported by the National Grand Fundamental Research ＂973＂ Program of China （Grant Nos. 2002CB312001, 2005CB321904） the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 60373032）+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai of China （Grant No. 05ZR14052） the Key Subject ＂211＂ of the Ministry of Education.
文摘Recently service orientation is becoming a mainstream approach for building large scale software systems. A key requirement in service-oriented design is the dependability of service. It stipulates that the behavior of services is controllable. Formal models can aid in constructing software in a dependable manner. They can describe ser- vices precisely and compose them together consistently. This paper presents a strategy for service realization based on a novel layered formal model. When a service is provided or required via internet, the semantic consistency becomes critical issue, Our architecture tackles the issue by proposing a novel scheme： defining contract of a service to keep semantic information. Although service-oriented design is our prime target, the contract models, to a large extent, are independent of the framework of design and therefore applicable to large scale software design in general.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2005CB321904)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Grant No. B412)
文摘This paper presents a refinement calculus for service components. We model the behaviour of individual service by a guarded design, which enables one to separate the responsibility of clients from the commitment made by the system, and to identify a component by a set of failures and divergences. Protocols are introduced to coordinate the interactions between a component with the external environment. We adopt the notion of process refinement to formalize the substitutivity of components, and provide a complete proof method based on the notion of simulations.
