目的研讨慕课(massive open online course,MOOC)联合以问题为基础的教学法(problem-based learning,PBL)在麻醉学实习带教中的应用效果。方法选取2020年7—12月在中科大附一院麻醉科的麻醉专业实习医师50名作为研究对象,采用随机数字...目的研讨慕课(massive open online course,MOOC)联合以问题为基础的教学法(problem-based learning,PBL)在麻醉学实习带教中的应用效果。方法选取2020年7—12月在中科大附一院麻醉科的麻醉专业实习医师50名作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分别设置成传统教学组与联合教学组,每组各25名。传统教学组实习医师采用传统教学模式,联合教学组实习医师在此基础上采用MOOC联合PBL教学法。教学结束后,统计整合两组实习医师的术前访视(20分)、麻醉计划制定(20分)、术中麻醉管理(20分)、麻醉复苏(20分)、问答题(20分)情况,对实习医师学习效果进行综合评价,满分为100分,并采用问卷形式调查两组实习医师对于两种教学模式的体会。结果联合教学组出科时的术前访视、麻醉计划制定、术中麻醉管理、麻醉复苏、问答题的得分和总分均高于传统教学组(P<0.05);培训前,两组实习医师的学习积极性、对教学的满意度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);培训后两组实习医师学习积极性、对教学的满意度均高于培训前(P<0.05);培训后联合教学组实习医师的学习积极性高于传统教学组(P<0.05),联合教学组实习医师对教学的满意度高于传统教学组(P<0.05)。结论麻醉学实习医师带教中采用MOOC联合PBL教学法,能够有效提高麻醉专业实习医师学习效果以及实习医师学习满意度,能让年轻的医师更好地理解麻醉医学的重要意义,具有较高的应用价值。展开更多
Karst collapse, caused by natural or artificial abstraction of groundwater, has been a focus of environmental geological problems for its ever-increasing hazardousness. The potential erosion theory and vacuum suction ...Karst collapse, caused by natural or artificial abstraction of groundwater, has been a focus of environmental geological problems for its ever-increasing hazardousness. The potential erosion theory and vacuum suction erosion theory, which reveal the origin of karst collapse macroscopically, are popularly accepted. However, a mathematic prediction criterion for karst collapse cannot be established only by these two theories. From a new perspective, this paper attempts to explain the microcosmic mechanism of karst collapse on the basis of these two theories. When the shear stress surpasses the shear strength of soil, a certain point or a certain plane in the unconsolidated soil covering karst caves will fail under the mechanical effects of water and air as well as its load-pressure, and with the increase of damaged points, a breaking plane appears and the soil on karst caves is completely damaged; as a result, the karst ground collapses. On the basis of the Mohr-Coulomb failure theory and previous studies, the paper presents a prediction criterion of karst collapse. Finally, by taking, for example, nine typical cases of collapse caused by pumping tests in Guizhou, the paper gives the calculation process of the model and proves its reliability.展开更多
文摘目的研讨慕课(massive open online course,MOOC)联合以问题为基础的教学法(problem-based learning,PBL)在麻醉学实习带教中的应用效果。方法选取2020年7—12月在中科大附一院麻醉科的麻醉专业实习医师50名作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分别设置成传统教学组与联合教学组,每组各25名。传统教学组实习医师采用传统教学模式,联合教学组实习医师在此基础上采用MOOC联合PBL教学法。教学结束后,统计整合两组实习医师的术前访视(20分)、麻醉计划制定(20分)、术中麻醉管理(20分)、麻醉复苏(20分)、问答题(20分)情况,对实习医师学习效果进行综合评价,满分为100分,并采用问卷形式调查两组实习医师对于两种教学模式的体会。结果联合教学组出科时的术前访视、麻醉计划制定、术中麻醉管理、麻醉复苏、问答题的得分和总分均高于传统教学组(P<0.05);培训前,两组实习医师的学习积极性、对教学的满意度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);培训后两组实习医师学习积极性、对教学的满意度均高于培训前(P<0.05);培训后联合教学组实习医师的学习积极性高于传统教学组(P<0.05),联合教学组实习医师对教学的满意度高于传统教学组(P<0.05)。结论麻醉学实习医师带教中采用MOOC联合PBL教学法,能够有效提高麻醉专业实习医师学习效果以及实习医师学习满意度,能让年轻的医师更好地理解麻醉医学的重要意义,具有较高的应用价值。
文摘Karst collapse, caused by natural or artificial abstraction of groundwater, has been a focus of environmental geological problems for its ever-increasing hazardousness. The potential erosion theory and vacuum suction erosion theory, which reveal the origin of karst collapse macroscopically, are popularly accepted. However, a mathematic prediction criterion for karst collapse cannot be established only by these two theories. From a new perspective, this paper attempts to explain the microcosmic mechanism of karst collapse on the basis of these two theories. When the shear stress surpasses the shear strength of soil, a certain point or a certain plane in the unconsolidated soil covering karst caves will fail under the mechanical effects of water and air as well as its load-pressure, and with the increase of damaged points, a breaking plane appears and the soil on karst caves is completely damaged; as a result, the karst ground collapses. On the basis of the Mohr-Coulomb failure theory and previous studies, the paper presents a prediction criterion of karst collapse. Finally, by taking, for example, nine typical cases of collapse caused by pumping tests in Guizhou, the paper gives the calculation process of the model and proves its reliability.
