African swine fever(ASF),caused by the African swine fever virus(ASFV),is a devastating disease of domestic and wild pigs.There is no effective vaccine,and the control of the disease relies mainly on surveillance and ...African swine fever(ASF),caused by the African swine fever virus(ASFV),is a devastating disease of domestic and wild pigs.There is no effective vaccine,and the control of the disease relies mainly on surveillance and early detection of infected pigs.Previously,serological assays,such as ELISA,have been developed mainly based on recombinant structural viral proteins of ASFV,including p72,p54,and p30.However,the antibodies against these proteins do not provide efficient protection against ASFV infection in pigs.Therefore,new serological assays that can be applied for clinical diagnosis and evaluating serological immune response in vaccinated pigs are still required.In this study,we expressed and purified a recombinant p B602 L protein.The purified p B602 L protein was then used as an antigen to develop an indirect ELISA assay.This assay has no cross-reaction with the anti-sera against the 15 most common pig pathogens in China,such as classical swine fever virus,pseudorabies virus,and porcine parvovirus.This assay and a commercial ELISA kit were then used to detect 60 field pig serum samples,including an unknown number of antiASFV sera.The coincidence of the two assays was 95%.Furthermore,the p B602 L-based ELISA was employed to test the antibody responses to the seven-gene-deleted ASFV strain HLJ/18-7 GD in pigs.The results showed that the antibody levels in all vaccinated pigs,starting from the 10 th day post-inoculation,have increased continuously during the observation period of 45 days.Our results indicate that this p B602 L-based indirect ELISA assay can be employed potentially in the field of ASFV diagnosis.展开更多
Twelve quarters of six lactating cows were inoculated with Mycoplasma leachii strain GN407 through intramammary ductal infusion; another 12 quarters were inoculated with heat-inactivated M.leachii culture medium as ne...Twelve quarters of six lactating cows were inoculated with Mycoplasma leachii strain GN407 through intramammary ductal infusion; another 12 quarters were inoculated with heat-inactivated M.leachii culture medium as negative controls.Multidisciplinary procedures,including clinical assessment,etiology assessment,pathology and immunohistochemistry(IHC),were used to elucidate the pathogenicity of M.leachii in bovine mastitis.From post-inoculation days(PIDs) 3 to 9,12 inoculated quarters developed mild to severe clinical mastitis and mammary tissue histopathological changes,including inflammatory cell infiltration and architectural destruction of mammary gland ducts.The M.leachii antigen was also detected by IHC in the mammary gland epithelial cells of the inoculated quarters as a weak signal on PID 6 and as a strong signal on PID 9.The control quarters also developed mild mastitis and histopathological changes on PID 9,and M.leachii was also detected by IHC.Throughout the experimental period,the quarters of the negative control cow were clinically and pathologically normal,and the M.leachii antigen was not detected.In conclusion,direct histological and immunohistochemical evidence confirmed that M.leachii causes clinical bovine mastitis through histopathological lesions induced by invasion of the pathogen into mammary gland cells and through inflammatory cell infiltration.展开更多
目的:分析医院中药膏方(traditional Chinese medical extraction,TCME)的临床加工与使用情况及其典型案例。方法:从膏方的起源发展、膏方在中山地区使用的适用性,总结与分析医院中药膏方的临床使用情况。结果:随着中医"治未病&qu...目的:分析医院中药膏方(traditional Chinese medical extraction,TCME)的临床加工与使用情况及其典型案例。方法:从膏方的起源发展、膏方在中山地区使用的适用性,总结与分析医院中药膏方的临床使用情况。结果:随着中医"治未病"的发展,中药膏方成为民众广为接受的养生保健和慢性病调理的重要手段之一,充分发挥中医药治疗的特色优势,开展中药膏方服务取得了良好的效果。结论:中药膏方在养生保健和慢性病调理方面,发挥了"治未病"作用,深受民众青睐。展开更多
In this study,we implement forward modeling and inversion based on deep-learning strategies using an optimal nearly analytic discrete(ONAD)method.The forward-modeling method combines the ONAD method with recurrent neu...In this study,we implement forward modeling and inversion based on deep-learning strategies using an optimal nearly analytic discrete(ONAD)method.The forward-modeling method combines the ONAD method with recurrent neural network(RNN)for the fi rst time.RNN is a type of neural network that is suitable for sequential data,which uses information from both previous and current times to obtain output information.We express the ONAD method using an RNN framework to advance the time iteration of an acoustic equation.This process can simplify programming using RNN and convolution kernels.Next,we use deep learning based on the proposed forward-modeling method to study full waveform-inversion problems.Because the main purpose of inversion is to minimize the error between real and synthetic data,inversion is essentially an optimization problem.Many new optimizers are available in the framework of deep learning,such as the Adam and Nadam optimizers,which are used for optimizing velocity model in the inversion process.We perform six numerical experiments.The first two experiments demonstrate the forward-modeling results,which indicate that the forward-modeling method can effectively suppress numerical dispersion and improve computational effi ciency.The other four experiments demonstrate the inversion results,which show that the method proposed in this paper can eff ectively realize inversion imaging.We compare several optimizers used in deep learning and find that the Nadam optimizer has faster convergence and better effectiveness based on the ONAD method combined with RNN.展开更多
Prevention of African swine fever,a disease caused by African swine fever virus(ASFV),requires maintenance of high biosecurity standards,which principally relies on disinfection.Finding the perfect disinfectant agains...Prevention of African swine fever,a disease caused by African swine fever virus(ASFV),requires maintenance of high biosecurity standards,which principally relies on disinfection.Finding the perfect disinfectant against ASFV is difficult because of the lack of relevant data.Therefore,we aimed to find the most effective disinfectant and to optimise its concentration as well as contact time to confirm the viricidal effect against ASFV in vitro.We evaluated the viricidal activity of three concentrations each of six common disinfectants against ASFV using immersion disinfection assay(IDA)and spray disinfection assay(SDA);the concentrations of these disinfectants at which complete viral inactivation occurred were almost same as the manufacturer-recommended concentrations,but the exposure times for viral inactivation are different.The following disinfectants(assay:concentration,exposure time)showed complete inactivation:iodine and acid mixed solution(IDA/SDA:0.5%,10 min);compound potassium peroxymonosulfate(IDA:0.25%,30 min;SDA:0.25%,60 min);citric acid(IDA:0.25%,60 min;SDA:0.5%,60 min);sodium dichloroisocyanurate(IDA:0.125%,60 min;SDA:0.25%,60 min);and glutaral ang deciquam(IDA/SDA:0.2%,60 min);and deciquam(IDA/SDA:0.5%,60 min).However,in the presence of organic material contamination,disinfectants did not show a marked inactivation effect.Therefore,disinfection procedures should be performed in two steps:thorough mechanical cleaning followed by application of disinfectant.In conclusion,all the tested disinfectants can inactivate ASFV;these can be used as alternative disinfectants to enhance biosecurity.展开更多
African swine fever(ASF) was first discovered and reported in East Africa in 1921 and it has been listed as a notifiable animal disease by the World Organization for Animal Health(WOAH) due to the high morbidity and m...African swine fever(ASF) was first discovered and reported in East Africa in 1921 and it has been listed as a notifiable animal disease by the World Organization for Animal Health(WOAH) due to the high morbidity and mortality(WOAH 2019). African swine fever virus(ASFV) can persist in pig farm environments, carcasses, and various pig products(Petrini et al. 2019). ASF has caused significant economic losses to the pig industry since its outbreak in China in 2018(Zhao et al. 2019).展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFD0500705, 2017YFD0500105, and 2017YFC1200502)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Publicinterest Research Institutes (Y2017LM08)。
文摘African swine fever(ASF),caused by the African swine fever virus(ASFV),is a devastating disease of domestic and wild pigs.There is no effective vaccine,and the control of the disease relies mainly on surveillance and early detection of infected pigs.Previously,serological assays,such as ELISA,have been developed mainly based on recombinant structural viral proteins of ASFV,including p72,p54,and p30.However,the antibodies against these proteins do not provide efficient protection against ASFV infection in pigs.Therefore,new serological assays that can be applied for clinical diagnosis and evaluating serological immune response in vaccinated pigs are still required.In this study,we expressed and purified a recombinant p B602 L protein.The purified p B602 L protein was then used as an antigen to develop an indirect ELISA assay.This assay has no cross-reaction with the anti-sera against the 15 most common pig pathogens in China,such as classical swine fever virus,pseudorabies virus,and porcine parvovirus.This assay and a commercial ELISA kit were then used to detect 60 field pig serum samples,including an unknown number of antiASFV sera.The coincidence of the two assays was 95%.Furthermore,the p B602 L-based ELISA was employed to test the antibody responses to the seven-gene-deleted ASFV strain HLJ/18-7 GD in pigs.The results showed that the antibody levels in all vaccinated pigs,starting from the 10 th day post-inoculation,have increased continuously during the observation period of 45 days.Our results indicate that this p B602 L-based indirect ELISA assay can be employed potentially in the field of ASFV diagnosis.
基金funded by the Natural Science Fund Project of Heilongjiang Province of China (C201348)the grants from the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,China (1610302016001)the National Science and Technology Program Topics of China (2012BAD12B03-3)
文摘Twelve quarters of six lactating cows were inoculated with Mycoplasma leachii strain GN407 through intramammary ductal infusion; another 12 quarters were inoculated with heat-inactivated M.leachii culture medium as negative controls.Multidisciplinary procedures,including clinical assessment,etiology assessment,pathology and immunohistochemistry(IHC),were used to elucidate the pathogenicity of M.leachii in bovine mastitis.From post-inoculation days(PIDs) 3 to 9,12 inoculated quarters developed mild to severe clinical mastitis and mammary tissue histopathological changes,including inflammatory cell infiltration and architectural destruction of mammary gland ducts.The M.leachii antigen was also detected by IHC in the mammary gland epithelial cells of the inoculated quarters as a weak signal on PID 6 and as a strong signal on PID 9.The control quarters also developed mild mastitis and histopathological changes on PID 9,and M.leachii was also detected by IHC.Throughout the experimental period,the quarters of the negative control cow were clinically and pathologically normal,and the M.leachii antigen was not detected.In conclusion,direct histological and immunohistochemical evidence confirmed that M.leachii causes clinical bovine mastitis through histopathological lesions induced by invasion of the pathogen into mammary gland cells and through inflammatory cell infiltration.
文摘目的:分析医院中药膏方(traditional Chinese medical extraction,TCME)的临床加工与使用情况及其典型案例。方法:从膏方的起源发展、膏方在中山地区使用的适用性,总结与分析医院中药膏方的临床使用情况。结果:随着中医"治未病"的发展,中药膏方成为民众广为接受的养生保健和慢性病调理的重要手段之一,充分发挥中医药治疗的特色优势,开展中药膏方服务取得了良好的效果。结论:中药膏方在养生保健和慢性病调理方面,发挥了"治未病"作用,深受民众青睐。
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China (No. 2017YFC1500301)the Joint Earthquake Research Program of the National Natural Science Foundation and the China Earthquake Administration (No. U1839206)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41974114)
文摘In this study,we implement forward modeling and inversion based on deep-learning strategies using an optimal nearly analytic discrete(ONAD)method.The forward-modeling method combines the ONAD method with recurrent neural network(RNN)for the fi rst time.RNN is a type of neural network that is suitable for sequential data,which uses information from both previous and current times to obtain output information.We express the ONAD method using an RNN framework to advance the time iteration of an acoustic equation.This process can simplify programming using RNN and convolution kernels.Next,we use deep learning based on the proposed forward-modeling method to study full waveform-inversion problems.Because the main purpose of inversion is to minimize the error between real and synthetic data,inversion is essentially an optimization problem.Many new optimizers are available in the framework of deep learning,such as the Adam and Nadam optimizers,which are used for optimizing velocity model in the inversion process.We perform six numerical experiments.The first two experiments demonstrate the forward-modeling results,which indicate that the forward-modeling method can effectively suppress numerical dispersion and improve computational effi ciency.The other four experiments demonstrate the inversion results,which show that the method proposed in this paper can eff ectively realize inversion imaging.We compare several optimizers used in deep learning and find that the Nadam optimizer has faster convergence and better effectiveness based on the ONAD method combined with RNN.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1200600)the grant from the State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology Program(SKLVBP201801)the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(2018ZX10734401-018-002)。
文摘Prevention of African swine fever,a disease caused by African swine fever virus(ASFV),requires maintenance of high biosecurity standards,which principally relies on disinfection.Finding the perfect disinfectant against ASFV is difficult because of the lack of relevant data.Therefore,we aimed to find the most effective disinfectant and to optimise its concentration as well as contact time to confirm the viricidal effect against ASFV in vitro.We evaluated the viricidal activity of three concentrations each of six common disinfectants against ASFV using immersion disinfection assay(IDA)and spray disinfection assay(SDA);the concentrations of these disinfectants at which complete viral inactivation occurred were almost same as the manufacturer-recommended concentrations,but the exposure times for viral inactivation are different.The following disinfectants(assay:concentration,exposure time)showed complete inactivation:iodine and acid mixed solution(IDA/SDA:0.5%,10 min);compound potassium peroxymonosulfate(IDA:0.25%,30 min;SDA:0.25%,60 min);citric acid(IDA:0.25%,60 min;SDA:0.5%,60 min);sodium dichloroisocyanurate(IDA:0.125%,60 min;SDA:0.25%,60 min);and glutaral ang deciquam(IDA/SDA:0.2%,60 min);and deciquam(IDA/SDA:0.5%,60 min).However,in the presence of organic material contamination,disinfectants did not show a marked inactivation effect.Therefore,disinfection procedures should be performed in two steps:thorough mechanical cleaning followed by application of disinfectant.In conclusion,all the tested disinfectants can inactivate ASFV;these can be used as alternative disinfectants to enhance biosecurity.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFC2600305 and 2021YFD1801405)。
文摘African swine fever(ASF) was first discovered and reported in East Africa in 1921 and it has been listed as a notifiable animal disease by the World Organization for Animal Health(WOAH) due to the high morbidity and mortality(WOAH 2019). African swine fever virus(ASFV) can persist in pig farm environments, carcasses, and various pig products(Petrini et al. 2019). ASF has caused significant economic losses to the pig industry since its outbreak in China in 2018(Zhao et al. 2019).
