中国散裂中子源(CSNS)反角白光中子源束线主要由中子束窗、中子开关、中子准直器和真空管道等组成。为了保证CSNS反角白光中子源束线安全、稳定、可靠地运行,研制了基于EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)软件...中国散裂中子源(CSNS)反角白光中子源束线主要由中子束窗、中子开关、中子准直器和真空管道等组成。为了保证CSNS反角白光中子源束线安全、稳定、可靠地运行,研制了基于EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)软件架构的控制系统。该系统主要由中子束窗、中子开关及中子准直器的运动控制系统、真空控制系统和控制室三部分组成,实现了对反角白光中子源束线主要设备的远程监测和控制。测试结果表明,该系统具有稳定可靠性高、人机交互友好的特点,很好地满足了反角白光中子源束线运行的需要。展开更多
Objective The dialysate membrane can be classified into acetate membrane and synthetic membrane,while the latter can be further divided into polysulfone,polyacrylonitrile,etc.Polyethersulfone membrane is high molecula...Objective The dialysate membrane can be classified into acetate membrane and synthetic membrane,while the latter can be further divided into polysulfone,polyacrylonitrile,etc.Polyethersulfone membrane is high molecular membrane material with excellent biocompatibility,stable mechanical properties,high temperature and pressure resistance,and good cleaning performance,which has been applied for more than 10 years.This trial is to assess the safety and efficacy of hollow polysulfone membrane fiber dialyzer with pattern number Enttex^(TM)-16LF(E60)for hemodialysis in patients with acute or chronic renal failure due to multiple factors.Methods Totally 76 patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis were included in a two-site,random,open label,two-stage,positive crossover and non inferiority validation study.The clinical efficacy and safety of the test device were observed,which was a hollow fiber dialyzer produced by Guangzhou Enttex Medical Products Co.,Ltd.,with polyethersulfone membrane imported from Germany.It was a low flux dialyzer with the pattern number of EnttexTM-16LF(E60).Inclusion criteria:①patients with acute or chronic renal failure due to various reasons who needed hemodialysis;②18 to 80 years old,gender unlimited;③patients who received stable dialysis for more than 3 months,regular hemodialysis 3 times a week,4 h at each time,blood flow rate of 200~350ml/min;④using bicarbonate dialysate at a flow rate of 500ml/min;⑤patients with arteriovenous fistula or who received artificial blood vessel puncture dialysis;received anticoagulation by heparin or low molecular weight heparin.Exclusion criteria:①patients needing heparin free dialysis for severe anemia,tumor and active bleeding;②patients with severe cardiac(gradeⅢcardiac function),hepatic(severe hepatitis and cirrhosis)and pulmonary diseases(severe respiratory failure).Results Comparison of parameters,including the changes of Kt/V,general creatinine and urea clearance rates and URR(urea reduction rate)shows no statistical significance in differences between the two devices,indicating that the test and control devices can equally and effectively eliminate toxins including creatinine and urea,etc.PPP and MITTP results are consistent.Comparison of ultrafiltration rates between two groups of patients shows no statistical difference.PPP and MITTP results are consistent,indicating that both the test device and control device can effectively eliminate water.In MITTP,electrolytes including K^+,Na^+,Cl^-,Ca^2+,HCO3^-,etc.show no statistical significance in difference between the test and control devices before and after dialysis(P>0.05).After treating by using test and control devices,body weight,serum potassium and phos-phorus all significantly decrease(P<0.001);serum Ca^2+,PO2,PCO2and HCO3^-all significantly increase(P<0.001).These results indicate that both the test and control devices can effectively eliminate serum potassium and phosphorus,and eliminate excess water in body,maintain the balance between liquid and electrolytes in patients.PPP and MITTP results are consistent.Conclusion This clinical trial confirms that hollow polyethersulfone membrane fiber dialyzer can be safely and effectively used in hemodialysis therapy.展开更多
Purpose Back-n is a white neutron beamline at China spallation neutron source,which was established in the year of 2018.It is a powerful facility for nuclear data measurement,neutron detector calibration,and radiation...Purpose Back-n is a white neutron beamline at China spallation neutron source,which was established in the year of 2018.It is a powerful facility for nuclear data measurement,neutron detector calibration,and radiation effect research.Method A series of detectors were built for different experiments,including beam monitoring,beam profile measurement,neutron induced secondaries(fission fragments,light charged particles and gamma)cross section measurement,and neutron resonance radiography,etc.A common digitization electronics and a cluster-based DAQ were developed for these detector systems.Most detectors have been employed at Back-n and serviced for experiments from the beginning of the beamline running.Results and conclusion As an overview of detectors of Back-n,the details of the detector design and the experiment performing are described in this paper.Some developing systems,e.g.,MTPC and B-MCP,are also included.展开更多
Background The China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)accelerator consists of an 80 MeV H-LINAC,a 1.6 GeV rapid cycling synchrotron(RCS)and two beam transport lines.The uncontrolled beam may permanently damage the compo...Background The China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)accelerator consists of an 80 MeV H-LINAC,a 1.6 GeV rapid cycling synchrotron(RCS)and two beam transport lines.The uncontrolled beam may permanently damage the components or lead to very high residual radiation dose along the beam line.So the equipment protection must be deliberately designed and implemented.Purpose The machine protection system(MPS)protects components from being damaged by the beam.The response time requirement for the CSNS MPS is less than 20 ms,so the PLC(programmable logic controller)was adopted to implement the interlock logic.Methods The MPS was implemented as a two-tier architecture system,and developed through utilizing PLC and Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System(EPICS)software toolkits.The application logic was taken into careful consideration during the implementation stage.An embedded CPU module can function as an IOC accessing PLC I/O modules through the sequence CPU,with an embedded Linux operation system.Results The interlock logic and heartbeat functions were tested with all functions ok.Time consumption has been measured thoroughly since the important requirement,which is around 15 ms to stop the beam.Conclusions MPS was completed in Sep.2017 and then put into operation.It has been operating smoothly for more than 3 years.MPS has played an important role in every stage of CSNS’s commissioning and operation and achieved high reliability during the user’s experiment operation.The accelerator recently runs stably with low equipment failure.展开更多
文摘微小角中子散射(Very Small Angle Neutron Scattering,VSANS)谱仪是结构校准的有力工具。为了保证中国散裂中子源(China Spallation Neutron Source,CSNS)VSANS谱仪的运动部件满足重复定位精度优于±2μm的要求,设计了基于实验物理及工业控制系统(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System,EPICS)软件架构的运动控制系统方案,并搭建了相应的运动控制系统样机。该样机使用步进电机、绝对式光栅和Beckhoff嵌入式控制器,实现了对平移台位置的全闭环控制。测试结果表明:该样机的重复定位精度优于±2μm,且具有稳定可靠性高的特点,很好地满足了CSNS VSANS谱仪的需要。
文摘中国散裂中子源(CSNS)反角白光中子源束线主要由中子束窗、中子开关、中子准直器和真空管道等组成。为了保证CSNS反角白光中子源束线安全、稳定、可靠地运行,研制了基于EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)软件架构的控制系统。该系统主要由中子束窗、中子开关及中子准直器的运动控制系统、真空控制系统和控制室三部分组成,实现了对反角白光中子源束线主要设备的远程监测和控制。测试结果表明,该系统具有稳定可靠性高、人机交互友好的特点,很好地满足了反角白光中子源束线运行的需要。
基金Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Department Fund Project（507204531040）Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Plan Fund Project（2013b9040004）
文摘Objective The dialysate membrane can be classified into acetate membrane and synthetic membrane,while the latter can be further divided into polysulfone,polyacrylonitrile,etc.Polyethersulfone membrane is high molecular membrane material with excellent biocompatibility,stable mechanical properties,high temperature and pressure resistance,and good cleaning performance,which has been applied for more than 10 years.This trial is to assess the safety and efficacy of hollow polysulfone membrane fiber dialyzer with pattern number Enttex^(TM)-16LF(E60)for hemodialysis in patients with acute or chronic renal failure due to multiple factors.Methods Totally 76 patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis were included in a two-site,random,open label,two-stage,positive crossover and non inferiority validation study.The clinical efficacy and safety of the test device were observed,which was a hollow fiber dialyzer produced by Guangzhou Enttex Medical Products Co.,Ltd.,with polyethersulfone membrane imported from Germany.It was a low flux dialyzer with the pattern number of EnttexTM-16LF(E60).Inclusion criteria:①patients with acute or chronic renal failure due to various reasons who needed hemodialysis;②18 to 80 years old,gender unlimited;③patients who received stable dialysis for more than 3 months,regular hemodialysis 3 times a week,4 h at each time,blood flow rate of 200~350ml/min;④using bicarbonate dialysate at a flow rate of 500ml/min;⑤patients with arteriovenous fistula or who received artificial blood vessel puncture dialysis;received anticoagulation by heparin or low molecular weight heparin.Exclusion criteria:①patients needing heparin free dialysis for severe anemia,tumor and active bleeding;②patients with severe cardiac(gradeⅢcardiac function),hepatic(severe hepatitis and cirrhosis)and pulmonary diseases(severe respiratory failure).Results Comparison of parameters,including the changes of Kt/V,general creatinine and urea clearance rates and URR(urea reduction rate)shows no statistical significance in differences between the two devices,indicating that the test and control devices can equally and effectively eliminate toxins including creatinine and urea,etc.PPP and MITTP results are consistent.Comparison of ultrafiltration rates between two groups of patients shows no statistical difference.PPP and MITTP results are consistent,indicating that both the test device and control device can effectively eliminate water.In MITTP,electrolytes including K^+,Na^+,Cl^-,Ca^2+,HCO3^-,etc.show no statistical significance in difference between the test and control devices before and after dialysis(P>0.05).After treating by using test and control devices,body weight,serum potassium and phos-phorus all significantly decrease(P<0.001);serum Ca^2+,PO2,PCO2and HCO3^-all significantly increase(P<0.001).These results indicate that both the test and control devices can effectively eliminate serum potassium and phosphorus,and eliminate excess water in body,maintain the balance between liquid and electrolytes in patients.PPP and MITTP results are consistent.Conclusion This clinical trial confirms that hollow polyethersulfone membrane fiber dialyzer can be safely and effectively used in hemodialysis therapy.
基金support provided by the National KeyR&DProgram of China(Grant No.2016YFA0401600).
文摘Purpose Back-n is a white neutron beamline at China spallation neutron source,which was established in the year of 2018.It is a powerful facility for nuclear data measurement,neutron detector calibration,and radiation effect research.Method A series of detectors were built for different experiments,including beam monitoring,beam profile measurement,neutron induced secondaries(fission fragments,light charged particles and gamma)cross section measurement,and neutron resonance radiography,etc.A common digitization electronics and a cluster-based DAQ were developed for these detector systems.Most detectors have been employed at Back-n and serviced for experiments from the beginning of the beamline running.Results and conclusion As an overview of detectors of Back-n,the details of the detector design and the experiment performing are described in this paper.Some developing systems,e.g.,MTPC and B-MCP,are also included.
基金the China Spallation Neutron Source project,the National Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11575289)the Key Laboratory of Particle Acceleration Physics&Technology and State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics.
文摘Background The China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)accelerator consists of an 80 MeV H-LINAC,a 1.6 GeV rapid cycling synchrotron(RCS)and two beam transport lines.The uncontrolled beam may permanently damage the components or lead to very high residual radiation dose along the beam line.So the equipment protection must be deliberately designed and implemented.Purpose The machine protection system(MPS)protects components from being damaged by the beam.The response time requirement for the CSNS MPS is less than 20 ms,so the PLC(programmable logic controller)was adopted to implement the interlock logic.Methods The MPS was implemented as a two-tier architecture system,and developed through utilizing PLC and Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System(EPICS)software toolkits.The application logic was taken into careful consideration during the implementation stage.An embedded CPU module can function as an IOC accessing PLC I/O modules through the sequence CPU,with an embedded Linux operation system.Results The interlock logic and heartbeat functions were tested with all functions ok.Time consumption has been measured thoroughly since the important requirement,which is around 15 ms to stop the beam.Conclusions MPS was completed in Sep.2017 and then put into operation.It has been operating smoothly for more than 3 years.MPS has played an important role in every stage of CSNS’s commissioning and operation and achieved high reliability during the user’s experiment operation.The accelerator recently runs stably with low equipment failure.
