石羊河流域水资源模拟与合理配置研究

由于自然界能够提供的水资源总量有限,再加上我国水资源分布在时空方面的不均匀,导致石羊河流域水资源存在着供需矛盾,且日益尖锐。针对流域这种供需矛盾,首先对现有的石羊河流域水资源配置情况进行研究,计算流域水资源总量,并分析流域水资源配置现状,然后进行模型优化,对水资源进行合理地配置,为解决流域上下游矛盾提供一定的技术手段和理论依据。

奎屯河流域高砷地下水砷含量空间分布异常的影响因素

新疆奎屯河流域是我国地下水受砷影响较为严重的一个区域,为了查明该区地下水中砷的空间分布特征及砷含量异常的原因,于2017年在研究区采集地表水、潜水和承压水样品51组,2019年在典型高砷区采集承压水样品16组,2个钻孔沉积物样品45组。通过地下水及沉积物的测试分析、数理统计等方法对研究区高砷地下水的空间分布特征及砷含量异常的影响因素进行分析,结果表明:水平方向上,砷浓度从南向北逐渐升高,与海拔呈负相关;垂直方向上,高砷地下水主要分布在>80 m深层含水层中。地下水中砷含量空间分布与古地理环境、地形地貌、封闭的地质、干旱的气候等自然地理条件有关;地下水砷含量分布异常主要有3个原因,即高pH值、高HCO_(3)^(-)、低Eh的地下水环境,沉积物的粒径、色度、局部沉积环境,施用含砷农药、化肥的人为活动。研究成果可为奎屯河流域地下水砷富集机制的研究奠定基础。

新疆奎屯河流域地下水砷超标原因分析

新疆奎屯河流域是我国大陆第一个地方性砷中毒的区域,然而在人类活动与自然条件下,对该区地下水砷超标的原因未得到清楚的解释。通过2017年在研究区采集地表水、地下水样品51组,分析了主、微量元素组分;2019年在典型的高砷区钻井2个孔,采集沉积物样品44组,分析了粒径、化学成分。结果表明,研究区地下水砷浓度范围为10~887μg/L,平均为55.8μg/L,沉积物中砷最高为28.41 mg/kg,砷超标(As≥10μg/L)较为严重。周边山区分布的菱铁矿、砷酸钙、砷酸锰等矿物,为该区地下水砷含量超标提供了物质来源;强烈的蒸发浓缩作用与岩石风化作用使得地下水中的砷浓度进一步升高;高pH值、低Eh的地下水化学环境,造成砷酸盐从矿物表面解吸附聚集在地下水中;沉积物中Fe、Mn氧化物矿物和黏土矿物的还原过程使与之共存的砷被释放,也是该区地下水中砷超标的原因。

Research on the effect of straw mulching on the soil moisture by field experiment in the piedmont plain of the Taihang Mountains

To reveal the influencing effect of the long-term straw mulching on the soil moisture, this paper employed the field experiment data in 2010 of a typical area of Taihang Mountains plain, observed the soil moisture dynamic regularities under different mulching patterns by virtue of depressimeter and neutron probe, analyzed the characteristics of soil water content and storage in different depths and seasons under the long-term straw mulching. The results showed that the long-term straw mulching can keep the soil moisture conservation of the deep, while decreased the shallow.(1) The long-term straw mulching can changed the type of soil water movement. If no straw mulching, the type is mainly evaporation-infiltration. And with straw mantle the type would change into infiltration. The number of zero flux plane would be reduced or absent.(2) The long-term straw mulching can increase the soil water reserves of the whole soil profile with the depth between 0 cm and 220 cm. But the soil water content of the layer from 30 cm to 80 cm decreased and the soil water content of the layer from 80 cm to 220 cm increased instead., The effect of soil moisture conservation on winter wheat is not obvious;(3) With no straw mulching, the depth of infiltration recharge by rainfall or irrigation is shallower than 80 cm. In a straw mulching, the influence depth is can extend to 120 cm;(4) With no straw mulching, there is a deep layer on the depth of 220 cm between March and June, while this layer will disappear with a long-term straw mulching.

A review of fluid flow and heat transfer in the CO2-EGS

Carbon dioxide enhanced geothermal system（CO2-EGS） now is an emerging research field that is attracting an increasing research interest with broad application prospects based on its low-carbon, economical and renewable features. The fluid flow and heat transfer is the core of CO2-EGS research. In this paper, further research focus is pointed out after summarizing the latest research progress in this field based on the explanation and the advantages of CO2-EGS development process in the hope of providing reference for researchers engaged in this field.