The impact of assimilating Argo data into an initial field on the short-term forecasting accuracy of temper- ature and salinity is quantitatively estimated by using a forecasting system of the western North Pacific, o...The impact of assimilating Argo data into an initial field on the short-term forecasting accuracy of temper- ature and salinity is quantitatively estimated by using a forecasting system of the western North Pacific, on the base of the Princeton ocean model with a generalized coordinate system （POMgcs）. This system uses a sequential multigrid three-dimensional variational （3DVAR） analysis scheme to assimilate observation da- ta. Two numerical experiments were conducted with and without Argo temperature and salinity profile data besides conventional temperature and salinity profile data and sea surface height anomaly （SSHa） and sea surface temperature （SST） in the process of assimilating data into the initial fields. The forecast errors are estimated by using independent temperature and salinity profiles during the forecasting period, including the vertical distributions of the horizontally averaged root mean square errors （H-RMSEs） and the horizontal distributions of the vertically averaged mean errors （MEs） and the temporal variation of spatially averaged root mean square errors （S-RMSEs）. Comparison between the two experiments shows that the assimila- tion of Argo data significantly improves the forecast accuracy, with 24% reduction of H-RMSE maximum for the temperature, and the salinity forecasts are improved more obviously, averagely dropping of 50% for H-RMSEs in depth shallower than 300 m. Such improvement is caused by relatively uniform sampling of both temperature and salinity from the Argo drifters in time and space.展开更多
目的系统评价院前心肺复苏患者自主循环恢复率15年的的变化趋势。方法检索数据库中国知网(1979年1月至2019年3月)、重庆维普数据库(1989年1月至2019年3月)、数据库万方(1990年1月至2019年3月)和Web of Science(1900年1月至2020年5月)相...目的系统评价院前心肺复苏患者自主循环恢复率15年的的变化趋势。方法检索数据库中国知网(1979年1月至2019年3月)、重庆维普数据库(1989年1月至2019年3月)、数据库万方(1990年1月至2019年3月)和Web of Science(1900年1月至2020年5月)相关文献,进行研究。收集汇总院前心搏骤停病患的相关临床资料,进行不同时间的心肺复苏数据分析。本研究由两名工作者独立的进行文献检索、筛选、收集资料,采用R软件的meta package进行分析(版本号3.61)。结果经纳入与排除的标准,共有文献资料共114篇,患者总计26334例,其中心搏恢复人数为2229例。异质性检验χ^(2)=5288.48,P<0.01,I=96.3%,存在高度异质性。如果数据存在高度的异质性,运用随机效应模型对数据进行分析。1.合并效应量为0.241[0.192;0.297],即研究期间,自主循环恢复率为24.1%;2.三个时间段2004至2008年、2009至2013年、2014至2018年自救循环恢复率分别为0.200[0.135;0.286]、0.230[0.147;0.342]、0.281[0.203;0.376],其自救循环恢复率有上升趋势,但三组之间没有统计学差异。结论1.对15年每隔5年时段的院前心肺复苏自救循环恢复率有逐段升高趋势的现象,但无统计学差异。2.心肺复苏在目击下就开始抢救,应在10 min之内,尽早尽快,越快越好。3.用时效规律引领今后的努力方向才是正确的:把急救技术储存在民间,并在公共场所装配AED设备,才能实现最大的抢救潜能。展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41030854,41106005,41176003,and 41206178the National Science and Technology Support Program of China under contract No.2011BAC03B02-01-04
文摘The impact of assimilating Argo data into an initial field on the short-term forecasting accuracy of temper- ature and salinity is quantitatively estimated by using a forecasting system of the western North Pacific, on the base of the Princeton ocean model with a generalized coordinate system （POMgcs）. This system uses a sequential multigrid three-dimensional variational （3DVAR） analysis scheme to assimilate observation da- ta. Two numerical experiments were conducted with and without Argo temperature and salinity profile data besides conventional temperature and salinity profile data and sea surface height anomaly （SSHa） and sea surface temperature （SST） in the process of assimilating data into the initial fields. The forecast errors are estimated by using independent temperature and salinity profiles during the forecasting period, including the vertical distributions of the horizontally averaged root mean square errors （H-RMSEs） and the horizontal distributions of the vertically averaged mean errors （MEs） and the temporal variation of spatially averaged root mean square errors （S-RMSEs）. Comparison between the two experiments shows that the assimila- tion of Argo data significantly improves the forecast accuracy, with 24% reduction of H-RMSE maximum for the temperature, and the salinity forecasts are improved more obviously, averagely dropping of 50% for H-RMSEs in depth shallower than 300 m. Such improvement is caused by relatively uniform sampling of both temperature and salinity from the Argo drifters in time and space.
文摘目的系统评价院前心肺复苏患者自主循环恢复率15年的的变化趋势。方法检索数据库中国知网(1979年1月至2019年3月)、重庆维普数据库(1989年1月至2019年3月)、数据库万方(1990年1月至2019年3月)和Web of Science(1900年1月至2020年5月)相关文献,进行研究。收集汇总院前心搏骤停病患的相关临床资料,进行不同时间的心肺复苏数据分析。本研究由两名工作者独立的进行文献检索、筛选、收集资料,采用R软件的meta package进行分析(版本号3.61)。结果经纳入与排除的标准,共有文献资料共114篇,患者总计26334例,其中心搏恢复人数为2229例。异质性检验χ^(2)=5288.48,P<0.01,I=96.3%,存在高度异质性。如果数据存在高度的异质性,运用随机效应模型对数据进行分析。1.合并效应量为0.241[0.192;0.297],即研究期间,自主循环恢复率为24.1%;2.三个时间段2004至2008年、2009至2013年、2014至2018年自救循环恢复率分别为0.200[0.135;0.286]、0.230[0.147;0.342]、0.281[0.203;0.376],其自救循环恢复率有上升趋势,但三组之间没有统计学差异。结论1.对15年每隔5年时段的院前心肺复苏自救循环恢复率有逐段升高趋势的现象,但无统计学差异。2.心肺复苏在目击下就开始抢救,应在10 min之内,尽早尽快,越快越好。3.用时效规律引领今后的努力方向才是正确的:把急救技术储存在民间,并在公共场所装配AED设备,才能实现最大的抢救潜能。
