目的系统评价阿卡波糖仿制药与原研药治疗2型糖尿病的临床综合价值,为临床治疗选择提供循证参考。方法计算机检索Pub Med、EMBase、Cochrane、CBM、CJFD、VIP和万方数据库。对符合纳入标准的RCT进行资料提取和质量评价后,运用Rev Man 5....目的系统评价阿卡波糖仿制药与原研药治疗2型糖尿病的临床综合价值,为临床治疗选择提供循证参考。方法计算机检索Pub Med、EMBase、Cochrane、CBM、CJFD、VIP和万方数据库。对符合纳入标准的RCT进行资料提取和质量评价后,运用Rev Man 5.3软件进行Meta分析。收集医药公司的药检报告、医院上报的不良反应和医院的销售情况,对比分析仿制与原研阿卡波糖的疗效、不良反应、质量及患者的可及性等。结果Meta分析结果显示,阿卡波糖仿制药的疗效与原研药无差异,但不良反应发生率较低。随着国家集采项目推进,成本-效果比上将会趋同。结合真实世界信息,仿制药与原研药的质量指标、患者可获得性及可支付性无明显差异。结论阿卡波糖仿制药的疗效、药品质量及可及性与原研药相当,经济性将会趋同。两者都可作为2型糖尿病患者长期控制血糖的用药选择。展开更多
Recent studies have found a connection between Indian Ocean Basin Warming and the anomalous Northwest Pacific Anticyclone(ANPWA) during El Ni?o decaying year.This study focuses on the necessary condition for this conn...Recent studies have found a connection between Indian Ocean Basin Warming and the anomalous Northwest Pacific Anticyclone(ANPWA) during El Ni?o decaying year.This study focuses on the necessary condition for this connection by using observation and numerical simulation.The seasonal transition of the Indian Ocean sea surface wind is critical to the climatic effect of Indian Ocean Basin Warming.When the South Asian Summer Monsoon reaches its peak,the background wind becomes desirable for basin warming,which then affects the climate in the Northwest Pacific.Via the Kelvin waves and Ekman divergence,the wind anomalies exist in the lower atmosphere east of the Indian Ocean warm Sea Surface Temperature(SST) anomalies,and intensify and sustain the ANWPA throughout the El Nio decaying summer.This impact plays an important role in the inter-annual variability of the East Asian Summer Monsoon.展开更多
Both the tropical Indian and tropical Pacific Oceans are active atmosphere-ocean interactive regions with robust interannual variability, which also constitutes a linkage between the two basins in the mode of variabil...Both the tropical Indian and tropical Pacific Oceans are active atmosphere-ocean interactive regions with robust interannual variability, which also constitutes a linkage between the two basins in the mode of variability. Using a global atmosphereocean coupled model, we conducted two experiments(CTRL and PC) to explore the contributions of Indian Ocean interannual sea surface temperature(SST) modes to the occurrence of El Ni?o events. The results show that interannual variability of the SST in the Indian Ocean induces a rapid growth of El Ni?o events during the boreal autumn in an El Ni?o developing year. However, it weakens El Ni?o events or even promotes cold phase conversions in an El Ni?o decaying year. Therefore, the entire period of the El Ni?o is shortened by the interannual variations of the Indian Ocean SST. Specifically, during the El Ni?o developing years, the positive Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD) events force an anomalous Walker circulation, which then enhances the existing westerly wind anomalies over the west Pacific. This will cause a warmer El Ni?o event, with some modulations by ocean advection and oceanic Rossby and Kelvin waves. However, with the onset of the South Asian monsoon, the Indian Ocean Basin(IOB) warming SST anomalies excite low level easterly wind anomalies over the west tropical Pacific during the El Ni?o decaying years. As a result, the El Ni?o event is prompted to change from a warm phase to a cold phase. At the same time, an associated atmospheric anticyclone anomaly appears and leads to a decreasing precipitation anomaly over the northwest Pacific. In summary, with remote forcing in the atmospheric circulation, the IOD mode usually affects the El Ni?o during the developing years, whereas the IOB mode affects the El Ni?o during the decaying years.展开更多
文摘目的系统评价阿卡波糖仿制药与原研药治疗2型糖尿病的临床综合价值,为临床治疗选择提供循证参考。方法计算机检索Pub Med、EMBase、Cochrane、CBM、CJFD、VIP和万方数据库。对符合纳入标准的RCT进行资料提取和质量评价后,运用Rev Man 5.3软件进行Meta分析。收集医药公司的药检报告、医院上报的不良反应和医院的销售情况,对比分析仿制与原研阿卡波糖的疗效、不良反应、质量及患者的可及性等。结果Meta分析结果显示,阿卡波糖仿制药的疗效与原研药无差异,但不良反应发生率较低。随着国家集采项目推进,成本-效果比上将会趋同。结合真实世界信息,仿制药与原研药的质量指标、患者可获得性及可支付性无明显差异。结论阿卡波糖仿制药的疗效、药品质量及可及性与原研药相当,经济性将会趋同。两者都可作为2型糖尿病患者长期控制血糖的用药选择。
基金supported by the National Key Program for Developing Basic Science(Grant Nos.2010CB428504&2012CB956002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.40906005,41105059,41275069,GYHY201106017&GYHY201206038)the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China(Grant No.2009BAC51B01)
文摘Recent studies have found a connection between Indian Ocean Basin Warming and the anomalous Northwest Pacific Anticyclone(ANPWA) during El Ni?o decaying year.This study focuses on the necessary condition for this connection by using observation and numerical simulation.The seasonal transition of the Indian Ocean sea surface wind is critical to the climatic effect of Indian Ocean Basin Warming.When the South Asian Summer Monsoon reaches its peak,the background wind becomes desirable for basin warming,which then affects the climate in the Northwest Pacific.Via the Kelvin waves and Ekman divergence,the wind anomalies exist in the lower atmosphere east of the Indian Ocean warm Sea Surface Temperature(SST) anomalies,and intensify and sustain the ANWPA throughout the El Nio decaying summer.This impact plays an important role in the inter-annual variability of the East Asian Summer Monsoon.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2010CB428504,2012CB956002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.40906005,41105059,41065005,GYHY2011-06017,GYHY201306027)+1 种基金the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China(Grant No.2009BAC51B01)the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change
文摘Both the tropical Indian and tropical Pacific Oceans are active atmosphere-ocean interactive regions with robust interannual variability, which also constitutes a linkage between the two basins in the mode of variability. Using a global atmosphereocean coupled model, we conducted two experiments(CTRL and PC) to explore the contributions of Indian Ocean interannual sea surface temperature(SST) modes to the occurrence of El Ni?o events. The results show that interannual variability of the SST in the Indian Ocean induces a rapid growth of El Ni?o events during the boreal autumn in an El Ni?o developing year. However, it weakens El Ni?o events or even promotes cold phase conversions in an El Ni?o decaying year. Therefore, the entire period of the El Ni?o is shortened by the interannual variations of the Indian Ocean SST. Specifically, during the El Ni?o developing years, the positive Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD) events force an anomalous Walker circulation, which then enhances the existing westerly wind anomalies over the west Pacific. This will cause a warmer El Ni?o event, with some modulations by ocean advection and oceanic Rossby and Kelvin waves. However, with the onset of the South Asian monsoon, the Indian Ocean Basin(IOB) warming SST anomalies excite low level easterly wind anomalies over the west tropical Pacific during the El Ni?o decaying years. As a result, the El Ni?o event is prompted to change from a warm phase to a cold phase. At the same time, an associated atmospheric anticyclone anomaly appears and leads to a decreasing precipitation anomaly over the northwest Pacific. In summary, with remote forcing in the atmospheric circulation, the IOD mode usually affects the El Ni?o during the developing years, whereas the IOB mode affects the El Ni?o during the decaying years.