Regulating the non-effective carriers transport for high-performance lithium metal batteries

The absence of control over carriers transport during electrochemical cycling,accompanied by the deterioration of the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)and the growth of lithium dendrites,has hindered the development of lithium metal batteries.Herein,a separator complexion consisting of polyacrylonitrile(PAN)nanofiber and MIL-101(Cr)particles prepared by electrospinning is proposed to bind the anions from the electrolyte utilizing abundant effective open metal sites in the MIL-101(Cr)particles to modulate the transport of non-effective carriers.The binding effect of the PANM separator promotes uniform lithium metal deposition and enhances the stability of the SEI layer and long cycling stability of ultra-high nickel layered oxide cathodes.Taking PANM as the Li||NCM96 separator enables high-voltage cycling stability,maintaining 72%capacity retention after 800 cycles at a charging and discharging rate of 0.2 C at a cut-off voltage of 4.5 V and 0°C.Meanwhile,the excellent high-rate performance delivers a specific capacity of 156.3 mA h g^(-1) at 10 C.In addition,outstanding cycling performance is realized from−20 to 60°C.The separator engineering facilitates the electrochemical performance of lithium metal batteries and enlightens a facile and promising strategy to develop fast charge/discharge over a wide range of temperatures.

Cytospora pyri promotes Erwinia amylovora virulence by providing metabolites and hyphae

Bacterial-fungal interactions are widespread in nature.We observed that pear orchards affected by Cytospora pyri(formerly Valsa pyri)were often accompanied with Erwinia amylovora.However,the relationship of the two pathogens was unclear.The objective of this study was to determine whether the synergistic effect exists between E.amylovora and C.pyri.We first analyzed the coexistence frequencies of E.amylovora and C.pyri in pear trees.Virulence of the two pathogens,growth,physical interactions,amylovoran production,and expression of genes for amylovoran biosynthesis were conducted.Our results showed that E.amylovora and C.pyri could coexist on the same lesion and caused much more severe disease.We also found that E.amylovora could physically attach to C.pyri and the expression of amylovoran biosynthesis genes were up-regulated with fungal metabolite treatment.These results indicate that E.amylovora and C.pyri can cooperatively interact,which provides C.pyri with an opportunity to promote bacterial dispersal and production of virulence factor in E.amylovora.

Gallium nitride blue laser diodes with pulsed current operation exceeding 15 W in optical output power

Since Shuji Nakamura first demonstrated the nitride laser in 1996[1],the domain of semiconductor laser technology has undergone a period of remarkable growth[2,3].Al In Ga N-based diode lasers(LDs)have proven their exceptional capabilities across a spectrum of pivotal applications,including high-density data storage,laser displays,laser lighting,and quantum technology[4].

Photonics-assisted THz wireless communication enabled by wide-bandwidth packaged backilluminated modified uni-traveling-carrier photodiode

This paper presents a wide-bandwidth back-illuminated modified uni-traveling-carrier photodiode(MUTC-PD)packaged with standard WR-5 rectangular waveguide for high-speed wireless communications.With optimized epitaxy structure and coplanar waveguide electrodes,the fabricated 4-μm-diameter PD exhibits ultra-flat frequency response and high saturation power.Integrated passive circuits including low-loss bias-tee and E-plane probe are designed to package the PD into a compact module with waveguide output.The packaged PD module has demonstrated a flat frequency response with fluctuations within±2.75 d B over a broadband of 140–220 GHz and a high saturated output power of-7.8 d Bm(166μW)at 140 GHz.For wireless communication applications,the packaged PD is used to implement 1-m free space transmission at carrier frequencies of 150.5 and 210.5 GHz,with transmission rates of 75 and 90 Gbps,respectively.

From concept to reality-A review to the primary test stand and its preliminary application in high energy density physics

Pulsed power technology,whereas the electrical energy stored in a relative long period is released in much shorter timescale,is an efficient method to create high energy density physics(HEDP)conditions in laboratory.Around the beginning of this century,China Academy of Engineering Physics(CAEP)began to build some experimental facilities for HEDP investigations,among which the Primary Test Stand(PTS),a multi-module pulsed power facility with a nominal current of 10 MA and a current rising time~90 ns,is an important achievement on the roadmap of the electro-magnetically driven inertial confinement fusion(ICF)researches.PTS is the first pulsed power facility beyond 10 TW in China.Therefore,all the technologies have to be demonstrated,and all the engineering issues have to be overcome.In this article,the research outline,key technologies and the preliminary HEDP experiments are reviewed.Prospects on HEDP research on PTS and pulsed power development for the next step are also discussed.

The Belt and Road Initiative and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development:seeking linkages for global environmental governance

Global environmental cooperation serves as an important part in the Chinese ideal of building a Community with a Shared Future for all Human Beings. The report of 19 th CPC National Congress indicates that China is committed to proactive mitigation under the Paris Agreement and further participating in global environmental governance under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and both of which are largely integrated to the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI). BRI are also closely linked with South-South environmental and climate cooperation proposed by China from previous UN summits. Based on shared ideas, intersected agendas, and compatible governance approaches, BRI and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development grow increasingly relevant and they might form synergies based on increasingly interactive relations. In sum,seeking and intensifying the linkages between BRI and 2030 sustainable development goals(SDGs) could address global environmental governance deficits and enhance cooperation among nations.

MiR-378a-3p acts as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer via directly targeting RAB31 and inhibiting the Hedgehog pathway proteins GLI1/2

Objective:To improve the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer(GC),more effective therapeutic targets are urgently needed.Increasing evidence indicates that miRNAs are involved in the progression of various tumors,and RAS-associated protein in the brain 31(RAB31)is upregulated and promotes the progression of multiple malignant tumors.Here,we focused on identifying RAB31-targeted miRNAs and elucidating their potential mechanism in the progression of GC.Methods:RAB31 and miR-378a-3p expression levels were detected in paired fresh GC tissues and GC cell lines.Bioinformatics analysis was used to predict the miRNAs targeting RAB31 and the relationships between RAB31 and other genes.Dual-luciferase reporter assays were applied to verify the targeted interaction relationship.CCK-8,colony formation,flow cytometry,wound healing,and Transwell assays were performed to assess the proliferation,apoptosis,migration,and invasion of GC cells.Tumorsphere formation assays were performed to assess the stemness of gastric cancer stem cells.Related proteins were detected by Western blot.Xenograft assays in nude mice were performed to explore the effect of miR-378a-3p in vivo.Results:We report the first evidence that miR-378a-3p is downregulated in GC,whereas its overexpression inhibits proliferation,invasion,and migration as well as promotes apoptosis in GC cells.Mechanistically,miR-378a-3p inhibits the progression of GC by directly targeting RAB31.Restoring RAB31 expression partially offsets the inhibitory effect of miR-378a-3p.Further research revealed that miR-378a-3p inhibits GLI1/2 in the Hedgehog signaling pathway and attenuates the stemness of gastric cancer stem cells.Finally,xenograft assays showed that miR-378a-3p inhibits GC tumorigenesis in vivo.Conclusions:MiR-378a-3p inhibits GC progression by directly targeting RAB31 and inhibiting the Hedgehog signaling pathway proteins GLI1/2.

Paper the Resilience of ITS: Variable Message Signs Contribution to Road Network Resilience under Incident and High Congestion Conditions: A State of the Art Review

Any failure or disruption in traffic flow can propagate through the road network. However, the server of such disruption and its consequences depends on the robustness and resiliency of transportation systems. In this context, traffic management (TM) measures will help the traffic stream to prevent the occurrence of such conditions or recover faster after experiencing the disruption. The main objective of this paper was to elaborate the contribution of TM measures to the resiliency of transportation systems, as well as, their vulnerability against external threats. Furthermore, a concept design for variable message signs (VMS) is developed and evaluated in terms of contribution to the resiliency of road networks. As well, new vulnerabilities associated with the implementation of VMS are investigated. The result of this study pointed out that ramp-metering, variable message signs, variable speed limits, and autonomous vehicles are valuable tools to mitigate the severity of traffic disruptions. VMS is one of the most effective approaches that enhance traffic resiliency by reducing traffic inflow to congested areas. However, these measures have opened new vulnerabilities to threats, especially cyber-attacks. Several cases of VMS hacks have occurred in the world and provided false messages to road users. It gets even worse with using an integrated wireless communication interface. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the security of such systems in advance, before practical application.

Advances in neuromorphic computing:Expanding horizons for AI development through novel artificial neurons and in-sensor computing

AI development has brought great success to upgrading the information age.At the same time,the large-scale artificial neural network for building AI systems is thirsty for computing power,which is barely satisfied by the conventional computing hardware.In the post-Moore era,the increase in computing power brought about by the size reduction of CMOS in very large-scale integrated circuits(VLSIC)is challenging to meet the growing demand for AI computing power.To address the issue,technical approaches like neuromorphic computing attract great attention because of their feature of breaking Von-Neumann architecture,and dealing with AI algorithms much more parallelly and energy efficiently.Inspired by the human neural network architecture,neuromorphic computing hardware is brought to life based on novel artificial neurons constructed by new materials or devices.Although it is relatively difficult to deploy a training process in the neuromorphic architecture like spiking neural network(SNN),the development in this field has incubated promising technologies like in-sensor computing,which brings new opportunities for multidisciplinary research,including the field of optoelectronic materials and devices,artificial neural networks,and microelectronics integration technology.The vision chips based on the architectures could reduce unnecessary data transfer and realize fast and energy-efficient visual cognitive processing.This paper reviews firstly the architectures and algorithms of SNN,and artificial neuron devices supporting neuromorphic computing,then the recent progress of in-sensor computing vision chips,which all will promote the development of AI.

Heteroatom anchors Fe-Mn dual-atom catalysts with bi-functional oxygen catalytic activity for low-temperature rechargeable flexible Zn-air batteries

M-N-C(M=Fe,Co,Ni,etc.) catalyst owns high catalytic activity in the oxygen catalytic reaction which is the most likely to replace the Pt-based catalysts.But it is still a challenge to further increase the active site density.This article constructs the high-efficiency FeMn-N/S-C-1000 catalyst to realize ORR/OER bifunctional catalysis by hetero-atom,bimetal(Fe,Mn) doped simultaneously strategy.When evaluated it as bi-functional electro-catalysts,FeMn-N/S-C-1000 exhibits excellent catalytic activity(E_(1/2)=0.924 V,E_(j=10)=1.617 V) in alkaline media,outperforms conventional Pt/C,RuO_(2) and most non-precious-metal catalysts reported recently,Such outstanding performance is owing to N,S co-coordinated with metal to form multi-types of single atom,dual atom active sites to carry out bi-catalysis.Importantly,nitrite poison test provides the proof that the active sites of FeMn-N/S-C are more than that of single-atom catalysts to promote catalytic reactions directly.To better understand the local structure of Fe and Mn active sites,XAS and DFT were employed to reveal that FeMn-N_5/S-C site plays the key role during catalysis.Notably,the FeMn-N/S-C-1000 based low-temperature rechargeable flexible Zn-air also exhibits superior discharge performance and extraordinary durability at-40℃.This work will provide a new idea to design diatomic catalysts applied in low-temperature rechargeable batteries.

Control of GaN inverted pyramids growth on c-plane patterned sapphire substrates

Growth of gallium nitride(GaN)inverted pyramids on c-plane sapphire substrates is benefit for fabricating novel devices as it forms the semipolar facets.In this work,GaN inverted pyramids are directly grown on c-plane patterned sapphire substrates(PSS)by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy(MOVPE).The influences of growth conditions on the surface morphol-ogy are experimentally studied and explained by Wulff constructions.The competition of growth rate among{0001},{1011},and{1122}facets results in the various surface morphologies of GaN.A higher growth temperature of 985 ℃ and a lowerⅤ/Ⅲratio of 25 can expand the area of{}facets in GaN inverted pyramids.On the other hand,GaN inverted pyramids with almost pure{}facets are obtained by using a lower growth temperature of 930℃,a higherⅤ/Ⅲratio of 100,and PSS with pattern arrangement perpendicular to the substrate primary flat.

Mesoscale fracture behavior of Longmaxi outcrop shale with different bedding angles:Experimental and numerical investigations

The mechanical properties and fracturing mechanism of shale containing beddings are critically important in shale gas exploitation and wellbore stability.To investigate the effects of shale bedding on crack behavior and fracturing mechanism,scanning electron microscope(SEM)with a loading system was employed to carry out three-point bending tests on Longmaxi outcrop shale.The crack initiation and propagation of Longmaxi shale were observed and recorded by taking photos during loading.The cracking paths were extracted to calculate the crack length through a MATLAB program.The peak load,fracture toughness and fracture energy all increase with the bedding angle from 0°to 90°.The crack length and energy were also found to increase with the bedding angle in the range of 0°-600 and then drop slightly.The fracturing mechanism of shale includes the main crack affected by the bedding angle and disturbed by randomly distributed particles.The main cracking path was accompanied by several microcrack branches which could form an interconnected crack system.When the main crack encounters larger sedimentary particles,it will deflect around the particles and then restore to the initial direction.A numerical technique using extended finite element method(XFEM)coupled with anisotropic cohesive damage criteria was developed,which is able to capture the dependence of crack propagations on bedding angle and sedimentary particles.This study sheds light on understanding and predicting mesoscale fracture behavior of shale with different bedding angles.

血清甲胎蛋白阳性胃癌患者临床病理特征与预后关系的研究

目的:探讨血清AFP阳性胃癌(alpha-fetoprotein producing gastric cancer,AFPGC)与普通型胃癌的差异以及其临床病理特征和预后的关系。方法:回顾性分析2013年1月至2018年12月在中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九四〇医院行胃癌手术的患者1321例,经筛选纳入研究1144例,分为血清AFP阳性组(53例)与血清AFP阴性组(1091例)。结果:AFPGC占同期胃癌患者的4.6%,AFPGC与血清AFP阴性胃癌1、3、5年累计生存率分别为64.2%与92.2%、20.8%与45.1%、13.2%与25.7%,两者术前血清AFP、肿瘤大小、免疫组织化学HER2、肿瘤部位、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、临床分期、脉管侵犯、手术方式、术后肝转移相比,均差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。AFPGC单因素以及Cox多因素生存分析显示:临床分期、脉管侵犯、手术方式、术后肝转移以及术后血清AFP再次升高是影响AFPGC预后的危险因素。结论:AFPGC是一种特殊性的胃癌,具有临床分期晚、易发生术后肝转移和脉管侵犯且预后差,AFPGC患者即使肿瘤原发灶被切除后,仍有较高的肝转移风险,且术前血清AFP水平与患者预后无关,而术后监测血清AFP水平可及时发现肿瘤复发及术后肝转移,此外,早期行胃癌根治术有助于改善患者预后。

Clonal variations in cone,seed and nut traits in a Pinus koraiensis seed orchard in Northeast China

Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis Siebold&Zucc.)in Northeastern China has been genetically improved to increase seed yields in addition to timber.To assess seed yield variability and select highly productive clones,14 cone,seed and nut traits were measured and analyzed.Variance analysis showed that all clones were signifi cantly different in various traits(P<0.01).Phenotypic coeffi cients of variation and repeatability of traits ranged from 9.1 to 34.4%and from 27.5 to 97.7%,respectively.Except for the cone layer and cone seed numbers,the other traits were positively or negatively correlated.Three principal components were identifi ed.Seed and nut traits were the most important traits in the fi rst principal component,and cone traits more important in the second.Using correlation and principal component analyses,cone number and other traits were selected to evaluate materials.Twenty-two clones were selected using a selection rate of 10%based on cone number independently or other combined traits.The genetic gain for diff erent traits ranged from 6.2 to 24.3%.The selected elite clones can supply seedlings for reforestation and the selection method can provide a theoretical basis for selection in other conifer species.

Awareness intervention for Beijing neurologists regarding secondary prevention of cerebral infarction/transient ischemia Cross-sectional investigation

BACKGROUND： Stroke prevention guidelines should be made available application to aid in uniformity, timing, preciseness, and acceptance of disease. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the awareness of neurologists in some Beijing secondary prevention of cerebral infarction/transient ischemia. DESIGN： Cross-sectional study. to neurologists for clinical hospitals of intervention in SETTING： Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, General Hospital of Beijing Military Area, Command of Chinese PLA, Beijing Chuiyangliu Hospital, Beijing 6^th Hospital, Beijing Hepingli Hospital, and Beijing Daxing District Hospital. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 28 （associate） chief physicians, 58 attending physicians, and 54 resident physicians who engaged in clinical treatment of cerebrovascular diseases were selected from 8 hospitals in Beijing from March to April 2007. All physicians provided informed consent. METHODS： Self-made closed questionnaires were provided for data collection, consisting of 16 questions that were single choice or multiple choice. Specifically, questions 1-7 focused on awareness of blood pressure regulation in different patients and first choice of decompression drug; questions 8-12 focused on awareness of lipid regulation; and questions 13-16 focused on awareness of anti-blood platelet drugs applied in secondary prevention. The scores ranged from 0-100 points, and each question was worth 6.25 points. The scores positively correlated with the awareness rate. To test leveling real-time, the survey lasted for a maximum of 20 minutes. One questionnaire was independently finished by each subject in the survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Awareness intervention among neurologists during secondary prevention of cerebral infarction/transient ischemia and questionnaire scores. RESULTS： 140 subjects were included in the final analysis. ① The awareness rate among neurologists for intervention during secondary prevention of cerebral infarction/transient ischemia ranged from 0.7-57.9%, the scores ranged between 0-56 points, and the mean score was 26 points.② Scores of resident physicians were 0-56 points with a mean score of 26 points; attending physicians scored 6-50 points, with a mean score of 26 points; and chief physicians scored 6-50 points, with a mean score of 23 points. There were no significant differences among the various physicians （F = 0.771, t = 0.465, P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Awareness among neurologists of intervention during secondary prevention of cerebral infarction/transient ischemia is not ideal. However, there was no significant difference between professional titles.

Analysis on the Nutrition Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Different Types of Sweet Potato Cultivars

In this study, we selected four different color fleshed sweet potatoes, purple- (Jizi 01), red- (Xinong 431), yellow- (Beijing 553) and white- (Shangshu 19) fleshed cultivars as test materials, analyzed nutrient composition, dietary fiber content, anthocyanins quantification, and total phenolics content, and also measured their total antioxidant activity in four different types of sweet potato. In view of differences in flesh color, the nutrient contents of different cultivars appeared to be significantly different. Starch contents of Beijing 553 and Shangshu 19 were higher, but fat contents were lower than others. Protein content of Shangshu 19 was the highest followed by Jizi 01 and Xinong 431. In addition, our analysis results confirmed that purple fleshed sweet potato possesses much higher anthocyanins content than others, even up to 6.23 mg/g dry matter. Also, dietary fiber, total phenolics content, and total antioxidant capacity of Jizi 01 were significantly higher.

A theoretical derivation of the Hoek-Brown failure criterion for rock materials

This study uses a three-dimensional crack model to theoretically derive the HoekeBrown rock failure criterion based on the linear elastic fracture theory. Specifically, we argue that a failure characteristic factor needs to exceed a critical value when macro-failure occurs. This factor is a product of the micro-failure orientation angle （characterizing the density and orientation of damaged micro-cracks） and the changing rate of the angle with respect to the major principal stress （characterizing the microscopic stability of damaged cracks）. We further demonstrate that the factor mathematically leads to the empirical HoekeBrown rock failure criterion. Thus, the proposed factor is able to successfully relate the evolution of microscopic damaged crack characteristics to macro-failure. Based on this theoretical development, we also propose a quantitative relationship between the brittleeductile transition point and confining pressure, which is consistent with experimental observations.

Experimental Research on Spontaneous Combustion Tendency of High Volatile Blended Coals

Experiment of oxidation characteristics with slow velocity of high volatile blended coals was investigated in the surroundings of low oxygen conditions, which gives three kinetic factors in the step of low temperature through the methods of thermo gravimetric analysis, the Coats-Redfern integration and Achar-Brindley-Sharp-Wendworth. The results of calculation show that activation energy and pre-exponential factor increase with the reaction process, and tendency of spontaneous combustion of the blended coal have changed. The experimental results show that the type of absorbing oxygen is mainly physical adsorption and calorific value is very small during increasing weight. Volatile of blended coal releases before single coal and combustion temperature of blended coal is between one and other single coals. If the oxygen content is below 16% in the milling system, explosion-proof effect on high volatile blended coal can be obtained.

High⁃Efficiency Two⁃Port Encapsulated Low⁃Contrast Grating with Suppressed Zeroth Order under Normal Incidence

A two⁃port encapsulated low⁃contrast grating with suppressed zeroth order under normal incidence is described in this paper.Based on such grating configuration,the improved efficiency and spectral bandwidth of the first order for TE and TM polarizations with a designed period of 1860 nm can be obtained.On the one hand,some of the accurate grating parameters were numerically optimized utilizing a rigorous coupled⁃wave analysis;on the other hand,the inherent physical mechanism suppressing the zeroth order through an encapsulated fused⁃silica grating was adequately interpreted on account of a simplified modal method.Encapsulated grating with a cover layer cannot be simply considered as adding a coating on it.Compared with reported surface⁃relief grating,all parameters of encapsulated grating should be re⁃optimized and the optimized performances of encapsulated grating were greatly improved.Therefore,the encapsulated grating can be potentially applied in writing fiber Bragg gratings.

Single-Channel Compressive Sensing for DOA Estimation via Sensing Model Optimization

The performance of multi-channel Compressive Sensing (CS)-based Direction-of-Arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm degrades when the gains between Radio Frequency (RF) channels are inconsistent, and when target angle information mismatches with system sensing model. To solve these problems, a novel single-channel CS-based DOA estimation algorithm via sensing model optimization is proposed. Firstly, a DOA sparse sensing model using single-channel array considering the sensing model mismatch is established. Secondly, a new single-channel CS-based DOA estimation algorithm is presented. The basic idea behind the proposed algorithm is to iteratively solve two CS optimizations with respect to target angle information vector and sensing model quantization error vector, respectively. In addition, it avoids the loss of DOA estimation performance caused by the inconsistent gain between RF channels. Finally, simulation results are presented to verify the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.