In recent years, research on spatial scale and scale transformation of eroded sediment transport has become a forefront field in current soil erosion research, but there are very few studies on the scale effect proble...In recent years, research on spatial scale and scale transformation of eroded sediment transport has become a forefront field in current soil erosion research, but there are very few studies on the scale effect problem in Karst regions of China. Here we quantitatively extracted five main factors influencing soil erosion, namely rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, vegetative cover and management, soil and water conservation, and slope length and steepness. Regression relations were built between these factors and also the sediment transport modulus and drainage area, so as to initially analyze and discuss scale effects on sediment transport in the Wujiang River Basin(WRB). The size and extent of soil erosion influencing factors in the WRB were gauged from: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global Digital Elevation Model(ASTER GDEM), precipitation data, land use, soil type and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) data from Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies(GIMMS) or Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer(AVHRR), and observed data from hydrometric stations. We find that scaling effects exist between the sediment transport modulus and the drainage area. Scaling effects are expressed after logarithmic transformation by a quadratic function regression relationship where the sediment transport modulus increases before decreasing, alongside changes in the drainage area. Among the five factors influencing soil erosion, slope length and steepness increases first and then decreases, alongside changes in the drainage area, and are the main factors determining the relationship between sediment transport modulus and drainage area. To eliminate the influence of scale effects on our results, we mapped the sediment yield modulus of the entire WRB, adopting a 1 000 km^2 standard area with a smaller fitting error for all sub-basins, and using the common Kriging interpolation method.展开更多
1 病例资料 患者男,21岁,2017年8月底弯腰搬举重物后出现下腰部疼痛,持续半个月未见好转,于9月12日就诊。体格检查:腰部最下方2个棘突间隙压痛,弯腰略受限,视觉模拟量表(visual analog scale,VAS)评分5分。下肢感觉运动正常。考虑棘间...1 病例资料 患者男,21岁,2017年8月底弯腰搬举重物后出现下腰部疼痛,持续半个月未见好转,于9月12日就诊。体格检查:腰部最下方2个棘突间隙压痛,弯腰略受限,视觉模拟量表(visual analog scale,VAS)评分5分。下肢感觉运动正常。考虑棘间韧带损伤。给予口服云南白药胶囊(云南白药集团股份有限公司)及外敷云南白药膏(云南白药集团股份有限公司)、红药贴膏(沈阳红药集团股份有限公司)治疗,建议避免弯腰负重。1周后腰痛减轻,但出现左小腿外侧放射性麻木,遂复诊。体格检查:腰椎最下2个棘突间隙及左旁压痛,VAS评分4分,叩击时疼痛向左小腿外侧放射;左下肢直腿抬高60°,加强试验阳性;小腿外侧痛觉过敏,VAS评分4分;左踝反射减弱。呈左L5、S1神经根受压激惹表现。展开更多
基金generously supported by Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (41641011)National Geology and Mineral Resources Survey and Assessment Program (DDT0160087)
文摘In recent years, research on spatial scale and scale transformation of eroded sediment transport has become a forefront field in current soil erosion research, but there are very few studies on the scale effect problem in Karst regions of China. Here we quantitatively extracted five main factors influencing soil erosion, namely rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, vegetative cover and management, soil and water conservation, and slope length and steepness. Regression relations were built between these factors and also the sediment transport modulus and drainage area, so as to initially analyze and discuss scale effects on sediment transport in the Wujiang River Basin(WRB). The size and extent of soil erosion influencing factors in the WRB were gauged from: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global Digital Elevation Model(ASTER GDEM), precipitation data, land use, soil type and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) data from Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies(GIMMS) or Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer(AVHRR), and observed data from hydrometric stations. We find that scaling effects exist between the sediment transport modulus and the drainage area. Scaling effects are expressed after logarithmic transformation by a quadratic function regression relationship where the sediment transport modulus increases before decreasing, alongside changes in the drainage area. Among the five factors influencing soil erosion, slope length and steepness increases first and then decreases, alongside changes in the drainage area, and are the main factors determining the relationship between sediment transport modulus and drainage area. To eliminate the influence of scale effects on our results, we mapped the sediment yield modulus of the entire WRB, adopting a 1 000 km^2 standard area with a smaller fitting error for all sub-basins, and using the common Kriging interpolation method.
文摘1 病例资料 患者男,21岁,2017年8月底弯腰搬举重物后出现下腰部疼痛,持续半个月未见好转,于9月12日就诊。体格检查:腰部最下方2个棘突间隙压痛,弯腰略受限,视觉模拟量表(visual analog scale,VAS)评分5分。下肢感觉运动正常。考虑棘间韧带损伤。给予口服云南白药胶囊(云南白药集团股份有限公司)及外敷云南白药膏(云南白药集团股份有限公司)、红药贴膏(沈阳红药集团股份有限公司)治疗,建议避免弯腰负重。1周后腰痛减轻,但出现左小腿外侧放射性麻木,遂复诊。体格检查:腰椎最下2个棘突间隙及左旁压痛,VAS评分4分,叩击时疼痛向左小腿外侧放射;左下肢直腿抬高60°,加强试验阳性;小腿外侧痛觉过敏,VAS评分4分;左踝反射减弱。呈左L5、S1神经根受压激惹表现。
