Molecular characterization of the SAUR gene family in sweet cherry and functional analysis of PavSAUR55 in the process of abscission

Small auxin up RNA(SAUR) is a large gene family that is widely distributed among land plants. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of the SAUR family was performed in sweet cherry, and the potential biological functions of PavSAUR55 were identified using the method of genetic transformation. The sweet cherry genome encodes 86 SAUR members, the majority of which are intron-less. These genes appear to be divided into seven subfamilies through evolution. Gene duplication events indicate that fragment duplication and tandem duplication events occurred in the sweet cherry. Most of the members mainly underwent purification selection pressure during evolution. During fruit development, the expression levels of Pav SAUR16/45/56/63 were up-regulated, and conversely, those of Pav SAUR12/61were down-regulated. Due to the significantly differential expressions of PavSAUR13/16/55/61 during the fruitlet abscission process, they might be the candidate genes involved in the regulation of physiological fruit abscission in sweet cherry. Overexpression of PavSAUR55 in Arabidopsis produced earlier reproductive growth, root elongation, and delayed petal abscission. In addition, this gene did not cause any change in the germination time of seeds and was able to increase the number of lateral roots under abscisic acid(ABA) treatment. The identified SAURs of sweet cherry play a crucial role in fruitlet abscission and will facilitate future insights into the mechanism underlying the heavy fruitlet abscission that can occur in this fruit crop.

基于Raman和FTIR揭示避雨栽培甜樱桃叶片光合色素变化的光谱学分析

为提高甜樱桃果实的品质和产量,中国南方地区普遍采用了避雨栽培甜樱桃果树来避免其坐果率低、落果以及果实畸形等问题,但同时也导致了其光合作用受到影响。植物或藻类中的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素等光合色素在光收集和介导对各种内源性刺激的应激反应中起着不可替代的作用。为便捷快速检测果树光合作用中叶片的光合色素变化,采用拉曼光谱(Raman spectra)和傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)对避雨和露地栽培的甜樱桃叶片进行了研究。经测定和分析甜樱桃叶片200~3500 cm^(-1)范围的Raman光谱,对400~800,800~1250和1250~1650 cm^(-1)三个波数段特征峰值的标定和指认,结果表明:甜樱桃叶片对拉曼散射较敏感区主要在500~1700 cm^(-1)波段内。960~1800 cm^(-1)范围类胡萝卜素(番茄红素、β-胡萝卜素和叶黄素)的Raman光谱包含4条主要峰,分别为1526,1157,1005和960 cm^(-1);露地栽培的甜樱桃叶片Raman强度明显低于避雨栽培。1157和1526 cm^(-1)同样还是叶绿素的Raman光谱特征峰,总体分析表明露地比避雨栽培甜樱桃叶片中的光合色素含量更低。1157,1520和1526 cm^(-1)特征谱线对应C—C单键和C C双键的对称伸缩振动,其相对强度可以作为甜樱桃叶片内叶绿素、类胡萝卜素等光合色素以及纤维素含量的判断依据。FTIR表征叶绿素的振动峰位振动强度弱,振动耦合复杂,难以指认。通过对甜樱桃叶片化学组分FTIR光谱图进行二阶导数求导处理凸显了峰的位置,提高了图谱的分辨率。峰位在1437和1551 cm^(-1)的β-胡萝卜素的特征峰明显,露地栽培相比避雨栽培甜樱桃叶片这两个特征峰的吸光度偏小,表明露地栽培甜樱桃叶片中的β-胡萝卜素含量比避雨栽培要少。该研究为不同栽培模式下植物叶片光合色素的光谱学研究提供了参考。