主桥架设过程中引桥混凝土临时支座损伤分析

临时支座是简支变连续梁桥体系转换中的重要构件,但在体系转换完成后应该尽快拆除,实际施工中会存在拆除滞后或拆除不完整的现象,在外部荷载作用下会对临时支座自身的力学性能以及主梁、桥墩等构件产生影响。本文对温州瓯江北口大桥南引桥临时支座开裂现象进行原因排查,根据现场实际施工情况,考虑临时支座未及时拆除情况下悬索桥锚碇偏转工况和环境温度变化工况对临时支座受力的影响。首先利用有限元软件Midas/Civil建立整体模型,计算未拆除临时支座情况下锚碇偏转和环境温度作用对控制截面的荷载,再引入混凝土塑性损伤模型对临时支座进行局部实体建模,分析2种工况下钢筋混凝土临时支座的应力及损伤情况。结果表明:临时支座在2种工况下,最大拉应力均达到C50混凝土的拉应力容许值,受拉损伤因子较大部位最先集中在临时支座与上部梁体以及下部桥墩交界处,并逐渐向临时支座中间区域发展形成斜向45°的高损伤区域。实际工程中裂缝的发展走向和混凝土拉伸损伤云图的发展走向基本保持一致,表明有限元参数取值可靠。在临时支座未拆除的边界条件下,这2种外部荷载均会导致临时支座发生损伤破坏。研究可为桥梁工程中的裂缝分析及规范施工提供一定的参考。

瓯江北口大桥加劲梁吊装对南锚碇沉井力学性能影响研究

瓯江北口大桥主桥为三塔四跨连续双层钢桁梁悬索桥,南锚碇基础规格为(70×63)m的矩形沉井基础。为研究锚碇沉井施工以及主桥加劲梁架设过程中主缆拉力变化对南锚碇的力学性能影响,利用有限元软件Midas GTS建立锚碇沉井-地基实体模型并结合现场实测数据对锚碇沉井的变形与受力状态、地基土应力状态及变形进行对比分析。结果表明:锚碇自重及主缆拉力作用下沉井基础变位包括沉降、水平位移和整体转动3种情况,主要以沉降变形为主;不同主缆架设进度下,锚碇应力满足要求。受锚碇变位影响,沉井基础井壁与地基土均存在明显的应力变化趋势;数值模拟结果与实测数据较为接近,为后续南引桥第一联的的顶升工作起到了一定的指导作用。

空间外差拉曼光谱仪成像镜头光机热集成分析

便携式空间外差拉曼光谱仪集成了光学功能镜头、干涉仪组件,以及探测器和激光器等热辐射器件,因此仪器在使用过程中存在着较为复杂的热环境,环境温度变化导致光学系统性能下降。采用光机热集成分析方法,重点研究了环境温度及热辐射器件对关键器件成像镜头的性能影响。在便携式空间外差拉曼光谱仪光学和结构方案设计的基础上,建立热-结构耦合模型;仿真得到成像功能镜头内镜片的间距和面形的变化,并利用Zernike多项式拟合其变化;将拟合结果代入光学设计软件中进行成像质量评估和分析。结果表明,在使用环境温度(-10℃~40℃)范围内,调制传递函数在光谱仪截止频率76.9lp/mm处对比度均优于0.38,满足便携式空间外差拉曼光谱仪的使用要求。

城市水资源管理体系机制研究

立足于衢州市城市公共生活用水定额编制研究,通过分析衢州市城市公共水资源管理体系框架结构,探讨城市用水管理体系构建过程,初步得到了衢州市用水过程中的信息从终端消费者、用户到行业、政府管理部门各级之间信息传递和反馈机制等,并探讨以信息技术为主城市水资源需求管理信息系统平台建立的必要性。研究结果可为城市用水的科学管理,水资源合理配置提供一定的决策基础。

Status of Stratigraphy Research in China

Scientific research and productive practice for earth history are inseparable from the accurate stratigraphic framework and time framework. Establishing the globally unified, precise and reliable chronostratigraphic series and geological time series is the major goal of the International Commission on Stratigraphy （ICS）. Under the leadership of the ICS, the countries around the world have carried out research on the Global Standard Stratotype-section and Points （GSSPs） for the boundaries of chronostratigraphic systems. In the current International Chronostratigraphic Chart （ICC）, 65 GSSPs have been erected in the Phanerozoic Eonothem, and one has yet been erected in the Precambrian Eonothem. Based on the progress of research on stratigraphy especially that from its subcommissions, the ICS is constantly revising the ICC, and will publish a new International Stratigraphic Guide in 2020. After continual efforts and broad international cooperation of Chinese stratigraphers, 10 GSSPs within the Phanerozoic Eonothem have been approved and ratified to erect in China by the ICS and IUGS. To establish the standards for strafigraphic division and correlation of China, with the support from the Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the China Geological Survey, Chinese stratigraphers have carried out research on the establishment of Stages in China. A total of 102 stages have been defined in the ＂Regional Chronostratigraphic Chart of China （geologic time）＂, in which 59 stages were studied in depth. In 2014, the ＂Stratigraphic Chart of China＂ was compiled, with the essential contents as follows： the correlation between international chronostratigraphy and regional chronostratigraphy of China （geologic time）, the distributive status of lithostratigraphy, the characteristics of geological ages, the biostratigraphic sequence, the magnetostratigraphy, the geological events and eustatic sea-level change during every geological stage. The ＂Stratigraphical Guide of China and its Explanation （2014）＂ was also published. Chinese stratigraphers have paid much attention to stratigraphic research in south China, northeast China, north China and northwest China and they have made great achievements in special research on stratigraphy, based on the 1：1000000, 1：250000, 1：200000 and 1：50000 regional geological survey projects. Manifold new stratigraphic units were discovered and established by the regional geological surveys, which are helpful to improve the regional chronostratigraphic series of China. On the strength of the investigation in coastal and offshore areas, the status of marine strata in China has been expounded. According to the developing situation of international stratigraphy and the characteristics of Chinese stratigraphic work, the contrast relation between regional stratigraphic units of China and GSSPs will be established in the future, which will improve the application value of GSSPs and the standard of regional stratigraphic division and correlation. In addition, the study of stratigraphy of the Precambrian, terrestrial basins and orogenic belts will be strengthened, the Stratigraphic Chart of China will be improved, the typical stratigraphic sections in China will be protected and the applied study of stratigraphy in the fields of oil and gas, solid minerals, etc. will be promoted. On the ground of these actions, stratigraphic research will continue to play a great role in the social and economic development of China.

中高层大气OH自由基超分辨空间外差光谱仪

针对中高层大气OH自由基的星载探测应用,给出一种基于空间外差光谱技术的临边探测方案。借助卫星平台的运动,呈正交布置的双通道光谱仪可以分时获取同一区域的一系列视线观测辐亮度,最终反演OH自由基数密度的三维分布。每个通道均包含柱面望远、准直镜头、一体化空间干涉组件和成像镜头,可以同时探测不同高度层的OH自由基辐亮度,具有光通量大、结构稳定、小型化等特点。以紫外波段(308.2~309.8nm)和光谱分辨率优于0.01nm的要求进行中高层大气OH自由基临边探测为例,给出了光学系统设计的过程和结果,并利用太阳跟踪器进行了地基太阳光谱观测实验。结果表明:光学系统设计可满足探测指标的要求,实测太阳光谱与理论光谱特征一致性较好,为星载中高层大气遥感探测技术提供了参考。

基于空间外差光谱技术的紫外高分辨率太阳直射光谱测量

利用基于空间外差光谱技术的中高层大气OH自由基甚高光谱探测仪,配合太阳跟踪器,对晴空太阳直射光谱进行测量,获得了308nm波段高分辨率的太阳直射光谱。对干涉数据进行去暗电流、去基线、相位校正和傅里叶变换等处理,得到最终的干涉光谱图。利用辐射传输模型模拟理论上到达地面的光谱,将实测结果与理论模拟结果进行比对发现,光谱匹配一致,这为在轨探测高分辨率太阳光谱与目标散射信号提供了实验数据。