Based on the comprehensive study of core samples, well testing data, and reservoir fluid properties, the construction and the distribution of the abnormal pressure systems of the Huatugou oil field in Qaidam Basin are...Based on the comprehensive study of core samples, well testing data, and reservoir fluid properties, the construction and the distribution of the abnormal pressure systems of the Huatugou oil field in Qaidam Basin are discussed. The correlation between the pressure systems and hydrocarbon accumulation is addressed by analyzing the corresponding fluid characteristics. The results show that the Huatugou oil field as a whole has low formation pressure and low fluid energy; therefore, the hydrocarbons are hard to migrate, which facilitates the forming of primary reservoirs. The study reservoirs, located at the Xiayoushashan Formation （N1/2） and the Shangganchaigou Formation （N1） are relatively shallow and have medium porosity and low permeability. They are abnormal low-pressure reservoirs with an average formation pressure coefficient of 0.61 and 0.72 respectively. According to the pressure coefficient and geothermal anomaly, the N1 and N1/2 Formations belong to two independent temperature-pressure systems, and the former has slightly higher energy. The low-pressure compartments consist of a distal bar as the main body, prodelta mud as the top boundary, and shore and shallow lake mud or algal mound as the bottom boundary. They are vertically overlapped and horizontally paralleled. The formation water is abundant in the Cl^- ion and can be categorized as CaCl2 type with high safinity, which indicates that the abnormal low-pressure compartments are in good sealing condition and beneficial for oil and gas accumulation and preservation.展开更多
目的评价大鼠肉瘤基因同源物(Rho)/Rho相关卷曲螺旋蛋白激酶(Rock)信号通路在呼吸机相关性肺损伤(VILI)中的作用,以及法舒地尔对VILI的保护作用。方法选取2019年1—5月在南昌大学第二附属医院行择期全身麻醉下机械通气时间≥4 h的普通...目的评价大鼠肉瘤基因同源物(Rho)/Rho相关卷曲螺旋蛋白激酶(Rock)信号通路在呼吸机相关性肺损伤(VILI)中的作用,以及法舒地尔对VILI的保护作用。方法选取2019年1—5月在南昌大学第二附属医院行择期全身麻醉下机械通气时间≥4 h的普通外科手术患者60例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为法舒地尔组和0.9%氯化钠组(对照组),每组30例。法舒地尔组于麻醉诱导后给予法舒地尔30 mg(以100 mL 0.9%氯化钠溶液稀释)静脉注射,于15 min内完成;对照组给予等容量0.9%氯化钠溶液静脉注射。记录两组患者手术过程中呼吸机参数(潮气量、峰流速、呼吸频率、PEEP),分别于麻醉诱导前和麻醉苏醒后进行急性生理学与慢性健康状况评价Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分,分别于机械通气前后采集患者的外周血和动脉血样本,测定血清Rock水平并行血气分析(血气分析指标为p aO 2、氧合指数、呼吸指数)。分别于机械通气前后收集患者的支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF),采用ELISA法测定BALF中髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、TNF-α、IL-6、RhoA和Rock2水平。记录两组患者术后7 d肺部并发症的发生情况。结果两组间患者手术过程中潮气量、峰流速、呼吸频率和PEEP的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。两组间麻醉诱导前APACHEⅡ评分的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),法舒地尔组麻醉苏醒后APACHEⅡ评分显著高于对照组麻醉苏醒后(P<0.05)。两组间机械通气前血清Rock水平和氧合指数、呼吸指数、p aO 2,以及BALF中MPO、TNF-α、IL-6、RhoA和Rock2水平的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。法舒地尔组机械通气后氧合指数显著高于对照组机械通气后(P<0.05),血清Rock水平和呼吸指数均显著低于对照组机械通气后(P值均<0.05);两组间机械通气后p aO 2的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。法舒地尔组机械通气后BALF中MPO、TNF-a、IL-6、RhoA和Rock2水平均显著低于对照组机械通气后(P值均<0.05)。法舒地尔组术后7 d肺部并发症发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论Rock抑制剂法舒地尔可减轻患者机械通气时VILI,减少术后肺部并发症的发生,该作用机制可能与其抑制Rho/Rock信号通路后减轻炎症反应有关。展开更多
Surface lake sediments, 28 from Hoh XU, 24 from northeastern China, 99 from Lake Bosten, 31 from Ulungur and 26 from Heihai were collected to determine δ13C and δ18O values. Considering the impact factors, conductiv...Surface lake sediments, 28 from Hoh XU, 24 from northeastern China, 99 from Lake Bosten, 31 from Ulungur and 26 from Heihai were collected to determine δ13C and δ18O values. Considering the impact factors, conductivity, alkalinity, pH, TOC, C/N and carbonate-content in the sediments, CI, P, S, and metal element ratios of Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, Fe/Mn of bulk sediments as environmental variables enable evaluation of their influences on δ13C and δ18O using principal component analysis （PCA） method. The closure and residence time of lakes can influence the correlation between δ13C and δ18O. Lake water will change from fresh to brackish with increasing reduction and eutrophication effects. Mg/Ca in the bulk sediment indicates the characteristic of residence time, Sr/Ca and Fe/Mn infer the salinity of lakes. Carbonate formation processes and types can influence the 6~3C--~1So correlation. ~180 will be heavier from Mg-calcite and aragonite formed in a high-salinity water body than calcite formed in freshwater conditions. When carbonate content is less than 30%, there is no relationship with either 613C or 6180, and also none between δ13C and δ18O. More than 30%, carbonate content, however, co-varies highly to δ13C and δ18O, and there is also a high correlation between δ13C and δ18O. Vegetation conditions and primary productivity of lakes can influence the characteristics of δ13C and δ18O, and their co-variance. Total organic matter content （TOC） in the sediments is higher with more terrestrial and submerged plants infilling. In northeastern and northwestern China, when organic matter in the lake sediments comes from endogenous floating organisms and algae, the δ13C value is high. δ13C is in the range of-4‰ to 0‰ when organic matter comes mainly from floating organisms （C/N〈6）; in the range of-4‰ to 8‰ when organic matter comes from diatoms （C/N=6 to 8）; and -8‰ to -4‰ when organic matter comes from aquatic and terrestrial plants （C/N〉8）.展开更多
The combination patterns and depositional characteristics of the carbonate banks are investigated based on outcrop sections, thin sections, and carbon isotopes of Ordovician in the western Tarim Basin, China. Four car...The combination patterns and depositional characteristics of the carbonate banks are investigated based on outcrop sections, thin sections, and carbon isotopes of Ordovician in the western Tarim Basin, China. Four carbonate bank combination patterns are deposited in the Ordovician, western Tarim Basin, including： Reef-Bank Complex （RBC）, Algae-Reef-Bank Interbed （ARBI）, Thick-Layer Cake Aggradation Bank （TLCAB）, and Thin-Layer Cake Retrogradation Bank （TLCRB）. All combination patterns show clear periods vertically. The RBC is mainly composed of reefs and bioclastic banks, and the dimension of the RBC depends on the scale of the reefs. Bioclastic banks deposits surround the reefs. The range of the ARBI is determined by the scale of algae-reefs, algae peloid dolomite microfacies and algal dolomite microfacies deposit alternating vertically. TLCAB and TLCRB are deposited as layer-cakes stacking in cycles and extending widely with cross bedding developed. The grains of TLCAB and TLCRB are diverse and multi-source. With the impacting of relative sea level change, biological development and geomorphology, the ARBI, TLCAB or TLCRB, RBC are successively developed from the Lower Ordovician Penglaiba Formation to the Middle Ordovician Yijianfang Formation. The depositional environment analysis of Ordovician indicates that the RBC and ARBI can form effective oil and gas reservoirs, and the TLCAB and TLCRB have the potential to form the huge scale oil and gas reservoirs and to be the crucial targets of exploration for the Ordovician carbonate banks in the future.展开更多
基金fmancially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40802027)the PetroChina Innovation Fund(No.0706d01040102)
文摘Based on the comprehensive study of core samples, well testing data, and reservoir fluid properties, the construction and the distribution of the abnormal pressure systems of the Huatugou oil field in Qaidam Basin are discussed. The correlation between the pressure systems and hydrocarbon accumulation is addressed by analyzing the corresponding fluid characteristics. The results show that the Huatugou oil field as a whole has low formation pressure and low fluid energy; therefore, the hydrocarbons are hard to migrate, which facilitates the forming of primary reservoirs. The study reservoirs, located at the Xiayoushashan Formation （N1/2） and the Shangganchaigou Formation （N1） are relatively shallow and have medium porosity and low permeability. They are abnormal low-pressure reservoirs with an average formation pressure coefficient of 0.61 and 0.72 respectively. According to the pressure coefficient and geothermal anomaly, the N1 and N1/2 Formations belong to two independent temperature-pressure systems, and the former has slightly higher energy. The low-pressure compartments consist of a distal bar as the main body, prodelta mud as the top boundary, and shore and shallow lake mud or algal mound as the bottom boundary. They are vertically overlapped and horizontally paralleled. The formation water is abundant in the Cl^- ion and can be categorized as CaCl2 type with high safinity, which indicates that the abnormal low-pressure compartments are in good sealing condition and beneficial for oil and gas accumulation and preservation.
文摘目的评价大鼠肉瘤基因同源物(Rho)/Rho相关卷曲螺旋蛋白激酶(Rock)信号通路在呼吸机相关性肺损伤(VILI)中的作用,以及法舒地尔对VILI的保护作用。方法选取2019年1—5月在南昌大学第二附属医院行择期全身麻醉下机械通气时间≥4 h的普通外科手术患者60例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为法舒地尔组和0.9%氯化钠组(对照组),每组30例。法舒地尔组于麻醉诱导后给予法舒地尔30 mg(以100 mL 0.9%氯化钠溶液稀释)静脉注射,于15 min内完成;对照组给予等容量0.9%氯化钠溶液静脉注射。记录两组患者手术过程中呼吸机参数(潮气量、峰流速、呼吸频率、PEEP),分别于麻醉诱导前和麻醉苏醒后进行急性生理学与慢性健康状况评价Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分,分别于机械通气前后采集患者的外周血和动脉血样本,测定血清Rock水平并行血气分析(血气分析指标为p aO 2、氧合指数、呼吸指数)。分别于机械通气前后收集患者的支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF),采用ELISA法测定BALF中髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、TNF-α、IL-6、RhoA和Rock2水平。记录两组患者术后7 d肺部并发症的发生情况。结果两组间患者手术过程中潮气量、峰流速、呼吸频率和PEEP的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。两组间麻醉诱导前APACHEⅡ评分的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),法舒地尔组麻醉苏醒后APACHEⅡ评分显著高于对照组麻醉苏醒后(P<0.05)。两组间机械通气前血清Rock水平和氧合指数、呼吸指数、p aO 2,以及BALF中MPO、TNF-α、IL-6、RhoA和Rock2水平的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。法舒地尔组机械通气后氧合指数显著高于对照组机械通气后(P<0.05),血清Rock水平和呼吸指数均显著低于对照组机械通气后(P值均<0.05);两组间机械通气后p aO 2的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。法舒地尔组机械通气后BALF中MPO、TNF-a、IL-6、RhoA和Rock2水平均显著低于对照组机械通气后(P值均<0.05)。法舒地尔组术后7 d肺部并发症发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论Rock抑制剂法舒地尔可减轻患者机械通气时VILI,减少术后肺部并发症的发生,该作用机制可能与其抑制Rho/Rock信号通路后减轻炎症反应有关。
基金provided by China NSFC grant (41173015, 41202093)the Chinese Ministry of Education Supervision of Ph.D. Degree Fund (20100211110020)
文摘Surface lake sediments, 28 from Hoh XU, 24 from northeastern China, 99 from Lake Bosten, 31 from Ulungur and 26 from Heihai were collected to determine δ13C and δ18O values. Considering the impact factors, conductivity, alkalinity, pH, TOC, C/N and carbonate-content in the sediments, CI, P, S, and metal element ratios of Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, Fe/Mn of bulk sediments as environmental variables enable evaluation of their influences on δ13C and δ18O using principal component analysis （PCA） method. The closure and residence time of lakes can influence the correlation between δ13C and δ18O. Lake water will change from fresh to brackish with increasing reduction and eutrophication effects. Mg/Ca in the bulk sediment indicates the characteristic of residence time, Sr/Ca and Fe/Mn infer the salinity of lakes. Carbonate formation processes and types can influence the 6~3C--~1So correlation. ~180 will be heavier from Mg-calcite and aragonite formed in a high-salinity water body than calcite formed in freshwater conditions. When carbonate content is less than 30%, there is no relationship with either 613C or 6180, and also none between δ13C and δ18O. More than 30%, carbonate content, however, co-varies highly to δ13C and δ18O, and there is also a high correlation between δ13C and δ18O. Vegetation conditions and primary productivity of lakes can influence the characteristics of δ13C and δ18O, and their co-variance. Total organic matter content （TOC） in the sediments is higher with more terrestrial and submerged plants infilling. In northeastern and northwestern China, when organic matter in the lake sediments comes from endogenous floating organisms and algae, the δ13C value is high. δ13C is in the range of-4‰ to 0‰ when organic matter comes mainly from floating organisms （C/N〈6）; in the range of-4‰ to 8‰ when organic matter comes from diatoms （C/N=6 to 8）; and -8‰ to -4‰ when organic matter comes from aquatic and terrestrial plants （C/N〉8）.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant(41102087)the Key Project of the National Science & Technology grant(2011ZX05005-002-010HZ,2011ZX05009-002)+1 种基金National Basic Research Program of China grant (2012CB214802)the Special Foundation for Doctoral Subjects in China University of Geosciences(Beijing) grant(2011PY0199)
文摘The combination patterns and depositional characteristics of the carbonate banks are investigated based on outcrop sections, thin sections, and carbon isotopes of Ordovician in the western Tarim Basin, China. Four carbonate bank combination patterns are deposited in the Ordovician, western Tarim Basin, including： Reef-Bank Complex （RBC）, Algae-Reef-Bank Interbed （ARBI）, Thick-Layer Cake Aggradation Bank （TLCAB）, and Thin-Layer Cake Retrogradation Bank （TLCRB）. All combination patterns show clear periods vertically. The RBC is mainly composed of reefs and bioclastic banks, and the dimension of the RBC depends on the scale of the reefs. Bioclastic banks deposits surround the reefs. The range of the ARBI is determined by the scale of algae-reefs, algae peloid dolomite microfacies and algal dolomite microfacies deposit alternating vertically. TLCAB and TLCRB are deposited as layer-cakes stacking in cycles and extending widely with cross bedding developed. The grains of TLCAB and TLCRB are diverse and multi-source. With the impacting of relative sea level change, biological development and geomorphology, the ARBI, TLCAB or TLCRB, RBC are successively developed from the Lower Ordovician Penglaiba Formation to the Middle Ordovician Yijianfang Formation. The depositional environment analysis of Ordovician indicates that the RBC and ARBI can form effective oil and gas reservoirs, and the TLCAB and TLCRB have the potential to form the huge scale oil and gas reservoirs and to be the crucial targets of exploration for the Ordovician carbonate banks in the future.
