选择闽江河口短叶茳芏(Cyperus malaccensis)湿地为研究对象,基于野外氮负荷增强模拟实验,探讨了不同氮负荷水平下(NNT对照处理,0 g N m^(-2)a^(-1);LNT低氮处理,12.5 g N m^(-2)a^(-1);MNT中氮处理,25.0 g N m^(-2)a^(-1);HNT高氮处理,...选择闽江河口短叶茳芏(Cyperus malaccensis)湿地为研究对象,基于野外氮负荷增强模拟实验,探讨了不同氮负荷水平下(NNT对照处理,0 g N m^(-2)a^(-1);LNT低氮处理,12.5 g N m^(-2)a^(-1);MNT中氮处理,25.0 g N m^(-2)a^(-1);HNT高氮处理,75.0 g N m^(-2)a^(-1))湿地植物-土壤系统的氮累积与分配特征。结果表明,不同氮负荷处理下湿地土壤(TN)、NH+4-N和NO-3-N含量均发生了明显改变。相较于NNT,LNT和MNT的TN、NH+4-N和NO-3-N含量均明显增加,增幅分别为9.44%、3.57%、11.99%(LNT)和6.71%、9.37%、46.50%(MNT)。与之不同,HNT的TN含量相比NNT增幅不大,而其NH+4-N、NO-3-N含量均显著降低,降幅分别为9.26%和40.77%。不同氮负荷处理下土壤氮含量的垂直分布特征亦发生了明显变化。除HNT外,LNT和MNT的TN、NH+4-N和NO-3-N含量均以表层土壤最高。不同氮负荷处理下的TN和NH+4-N含量分布主要受SOM的影响,而NO-3-N含量分布主要受植物吸收和垂直淋失的影响。氮负荷增强条件下植物不同器官的TN含量整体表现为叶>茎>根。不同氮负荷处理下植物-土壤系统的氮储量整体以LNT和MNT较高,而HNT最低。研究发现,短叶茳芏在中低氮负荷条件下可能将更多的氮优先分配给根系,进而以拓展地下空间和提高地下生物量的方式来适应环境;而在高氮负荷条件下,其可能通过增强“自疏效应”,并通过拓展地上空间的方式来适应环境。展开更多
选择闽江河口鳝鱼滩西北部的纯芦苇湿地为研究对象,基于野外氮负荷增强分解试验,探讨了氮负荷增强对芦苇残体分解及其养分释放的影响。试验设置了4个氮负荷水平,即NL0(无氮负荷处理,0 g N m^(-2)a^(-1))、NL1(低氮负荷处理,12.5 g N m^(...选择闽江河口鳝鱼滩西北部的纯芦苇湿地为研究对象,基于野外氮负荷增强分解试验,探讨了氮负荷增强对芦苇残体分解及其养分释放的影响。试验设置了4个氮负荷水平,即NL0(无氮负荷处理,0 g N m^(-2)a^(-1))、NL1(低氮负荷处理,12.5 g N m^(-2)a^(-1))、NL2(中氮负荷处理,25.0 g N m^(-2)a^(-1))和NL3(高氮负荷处理,75.0 g N m^(-2)a^(-1))。结果表明,不同氮负荷处理下残体的分解速率整体表现为NL2(0.00284 d^(-1))>NL1(0.00263 d^(-1))>NL0(0.00257 d^(-1))>NL3(0.00250 d^(-1)),低氮和中氮负荷总体促进了残体分解,而高氮负荷抑制了残体分解,原因主要与不同处理下残体分解过程中基质质量及pH的明显改变有关。不同氮负荷处理下,残体中的全碳(TC)含量在分解期间均呈不同波动变化特征;全氮(TN)和全磷(TP)含量均在分解初期(0-30 d)骤然降低,之后则呈不同波动变化,其中TN含量呈波动上升变化,而TP含量呈小幅波动变化。残留率是影响不同氮负荷处理下残体分解期间碳(C)、氮(N)和磷(P)净释放的共性因素,而氮负荷增强导致的残体基质质量(C/N、C/P、N/P)和主要环境因子(pH、电导率(EC))改变影响了其释放强度。研究发现,在氮负荷增强背景下残体养分的累积与释放发生了明显改变,闽江河口氮负荷水平的增加整体将抑制芦苇残体中C、N养分的释放,但其在分解中后期(90-240 d)可能对P养分释放具有较为明显的促进作用。展开更多
To determine the potential impacts of exogenous nitrogen(N)enrichment on distribution and transfer of N in Suaeda salsa marsh in the Yellow River Estuary,the variations of N in plant-soil system during the growing sea...To determine the potential impacts of exogenous nitrogen(N)enrichment on distribution and transfer of N in Suaeda salsa marsh in the Yellow River Estuary,the variations of N in plant-soil system during the growing season were investigated by field N addition experiment.The experiment included four treatments:NN(no N input treatment,0gNm^(−2) yr^(−1)),LN(low N input treatment,3.0 gNm^(−2) yr^(−1)),MN(medium N input treatment,6 gNm^(−2) yr^(−1))and HN(high N input treatment,12 gNm^(−2) yr^(−1)).Results showed that N additions generally increased the contents of total nitrogen(TN),ammonia nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N)and nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(−)-N)in different soil layers and the increasing trend was particularly evident in topsoil.Compared with the NN treatment,the average contents of TN in topsoil in the LN,MN and HN treatments during the growing season increased by 10.85%,30.14%and 43.98%,the mean contents of NH_(4)^(+)-N increased by 8.56%,6.96%and 14.34%,and the average contents of NO_(3)^(−)-N increased by 35.73%,45.99%and 46.66%,respectively.Although exogenous N import did not alter the temporal variation patterns of TN contents in organs,the N transfer and accumulation differed among tissues in different treatments.With increasing N import,both the N stocks in soil and plant showed increasing trend and the values in N addition treatments increased by 9.43%–38.22%and 13.40%–62.20%,respectively.It was worth noting that,compared with other treatments,the S.salsa in the MN treatments was very likely to have special response to N enrichment since not only the period of peak growth was prolonged by about 20 days but also the maximum of TN content in leaves was advanced by approximately one month.This paper found that,as N loading reached MN level in future,the growth rhythm of S.salsa and the accumulation and transference of N in its tissues would be altered significantly,which might generate great impact on the stability and health of S.salsa marsh ecosystem.展开更多
氮矿化是湿地生态系统养分循环的重要组成部分,氮输入及温度变化对土壤氮矿化的影响具有复杂性。为了探究湿地土壤氮矿化特征对温度及氮输入的响应,选择黄河入海口北部滨岸高潮滩的碱蓬湿地为研究对象,基于野外原位氮负荷增强模拟试验(N...氮矿化是湿地生态系统养分循环的重要组成部分,氮输入及温度变化对土壤氮矿化的影响具有复杂性。为了探究湿地土壤氮矿化特征对温度及氮输入的响应,选择黄河入海口北部滨岸高潮滩的碱蓬湿地为研究对象,基于野外原位氮负荷增强模拟试验(N0:0 g N m^(-2) a^(-1);N1:9.0 g N m^(-2) a^(-1);N2:12.0 g N m^(-2) a^(-1);N3:18.0 g N m^(-2) a^(-1)),于生长季末获取不同氮处理下的土壤(S-N0、S-N1、S-N2和S-N3)开展室内培养实验。结果表明,不同氮处理土壤的氮累积矿化量均呈现出培养初期(0—14 d)增加迅速,培养中期(14—42 d)骤然降低,而培养后期(42—84 d)趋于稳定的变化特征,其值整体表现为S-N3>S-N0>S-N2>S-N1(P>0.05)。培养后期,不同氮处理土壤的累积矿化量在20℃和25℃下的差异均达到极显著或显著水平(P<0.01或P<0.05),且S-N2在此间的矿化能力最强。氮输入整体降低了土壤氮矿化对温度的敏感性(Q_(10)),其中S-N2土壤的温度敏感性最低,更利于持续供氮。不同氮处理土壤的氮矿化速率和累积矿化量与培养温度、土壤基质质量密切相关,且在一定范围内较高的温度和较低的C/N有利于氮矿化的进行。研究发现,未来黄河口氮负荷增强以及温度持续上升背景下,碱蓬湿地土壤氮养分及温度条件改变将会影响其供氮能力,适量氮输入(N2)将有利于土壤保持持续稳定的供氮能力。展开更多
To determine the pollution levels and potential toxic risks of arsenic(As) and heavy metals(Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd) in water and suspended particulate matter(SPM) in tail reaches(including freshwater reach and low-...To determine the pollution levels and potential toxic risks of arsenic(As) and heavy metals(Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd) in water and suspended particulate matter(SPM) in tail reaches(including freshwater reach and low-salinity reach) of the Yellow River as the Flow-Sediment Regulation Project(FSRP) has been carried out for approximately 15 yr, the surface water and SPM were sampled at pre-flood(April) and post-flood seasons(October). Results showed that similar changes of As and metal levels in water and SPM were observed along the tail reaches at pre-flood or post-flood season. Compared to pre-flood season, the levels of As, Cu, Cr and Ni in freshwater reach and the concentrations of Cr and Ni in low-salinity reach rose greatly at post-flood season. The levels of As and metals in SPM of freshwater reach or low-salinity reach at pre-flood season were significantly higher than those at post-flood season(P < 0.01).The pollutions of As and metals in surface water of tail reaches at pre-flood or post-flood season were not serious. The SPM in freshwater reach at pre-flood season were polluted by Cd, As, Cr, Cu and Ni while those in low-salinity reach were polluted by Cd and Cr. The SPM in freshwater reach at post-flood season were polluted by Cd and Pb while those in low-salinity reach were polluted by Cd and Cr.Cd was identified as heavy metal of primary concern at both pre-flood and post-flood seasons. Combined with the existed data reported in present research, this study found that the toxic risk of As and metals in SPM of tail reaches at pre-flood season was higher than that at post-flood season, implying that the implementation of FSRP during flooding season, to a great extent, reduced the toxic risk of these elements. With the long-term implementation of FSRP, the pollution levels of As and metals(particularly for Cd) in SPM of tail reaches might be elevated and the potential toxic risk primarily produced by Cr, Ni and As might be increased if effective measures were not taken in future.展开更多
文摘选择闽江河口短叶茳芏(Cyperus malaccensis)湿地为研究对象,基于野外氮负荷增强模拟实验,探讨了不同氮负荷水平下(NNT对照处理,0 g N m^(-2)a^(-1);LNT低氮处理,12.5 g N m^(-2)a^(-1);MNT中氮处理,25.0 g N m^(-2)a^(-1);HNT高氮处理,75.0 g N m^(-2)a^(-1))湿地植物-土壤系统的氮累积与分配特征。结果表明,不同氮负荷处理下湿地土壤(TN)、NH+4-N和NO-3-N含量均发生了明显改变。相较于NNT,LNT和MNT的TN、NH+4-N和NO-3-N含量均明显增加,增幅分别为9.44%、3.57%、11.99%(LNT)和6.71%、9.37%、46.50%(MNT)。与之不同,HNT的TN含量相比NNT增幅不大,而其NH+4-N、NO-3-N含量均显著降低,降幅分别为9.26%和40.77%。不同氮负荷处理下土壤氮含量的垂直分布特征亦发生了明显变化。除HNT外,LNT和MNT的TN、NH+4-N和NO-3-N含量均以表层土壤最高。不同氮负荷处理下的TN和NH+4-N含量分布主要受SOM的影响,而NO-3-N含量分布主要受植物吸收和垂直淋失的影响。氮负荷增强条件下植物不同器官的TN含量整体表现为叶>茎>根。不同氮负荷处理下植物-土壤系统的氮储量整体以LNT和MNT较高,而HNT最低。研究发现,短叶茳芏在中低氮负荷条件下可能将更多的氮优先分配给根系,进而以拓展地下空间和提高地下生物量的方式来适应环境;而在高氮负荷条件下,其可能通过增强“自疏效应”,并通过拓展地上空间的方式来适应环境。
文摘选择闽江河口鳝鱼滩西北部的纯芦苇湿地为研究对象,基于野外氮负荷增强分解试验,探讨了氮负荷增强对芦苇残体分解及其养分释放的影响。试验设置了4个氮负荷水平,即NL0(无氮负荷处理,0 g N m^(-2)a^(-1))、NL1(低氮负荷处理,12.5 g N m^(-2)a^(-1))、NL2(中氮负荷处理,25.0 g N m^(-2)a^(-1))和NL3(高氮负荷处理,75.0 g N m^(-2)a^(-1))。结果表明,不同氮负荷处理下残体的分解速率整体表现为NL2(0.00284 d^(-1))>NL1(0.00263 d^(-1))>NL0(0.00257 d^(-1))>NL3(0.00250 d^(-1)),低氮和中氮负荷总体促进了残体分解,而高氮负荷抑制了残体分解,原因主要与不同处理下残体分解过程中基质质量及pH的明显改变有关。不同氮负荷处理下,残体中的全碳(TC)含量在分解期间均呈不同波动变化特征;全氮(TN)和全磷(TP)含量均在分解初期(0-30 d)骤然降低,之后则呈不同波动变化,其中TN含量呈波动上升变化,而TP含量呈小幅波动变化。残留率是影响不同氮负荷处理下残体分解期间碳(C)、氮(N)和磷(P)净释放的共性因素,而氮负荷增强导致的残体基质质量(C/N、C/P、N/P)和主要环境因子(pH、电导率(EC))改变影响了其释放强度。研究发现,在氮负荷增强背景下残体养分的累积与释放发生了明显改变,闽江河口氮负荷水平的增加整体将抑制芦苇残体中C、N养分的释放,但其在分解中后期(90-240 d)可能对P养分释放具有较为明显的促进作用。
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41371104,41971128)the Award Program for Min River Scholar in Fujian Province(No.Min[2015]31).
文摘To determine the potential impacts of exogenous nitrogen(N)enrichment on distribution and transfer of N in Suaeda salsa marsh in the Yellow River Estuary,the variations of N in plant-soil system during the growing season were investigated by field N addition experiment.The experiment included four treatments:NN(no N input treatment,0gNm^(−2) yr^(−1)),LN(low N input treatment,3.0 gNm^(−2) yr^(−1)),MN(medium N input treatment,6 gNm^(−2) yr^(−1))and HN(high N input treatment,12 gNm^(−2) yr^(−1)).Results showed that N additions generally increased the contents of total nitrogen(TN),ammonia nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N)and nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(−)-N)in different soil layers and the increasing trend was particularly evident in topsoil.Compared with the NN treatment,the average contents of TN in topsoil in the LN,MN and HN treatments during the growing season increased by 10.85%,30.14%and 43.98%,the mean contents of NH_(4)^(+)-N increased by 8.56%,6.96%and 14.34%,and the average contents of NO_(3)^(−)-N increased by 35.73%,45.99%and 46.66%,respectively.Although exogenous N import did not alter the temporal variation patterns of TN contents in organs,the N transfer and accumulation differed among tissues in different treatments.With increasing N import,both the N stocks in soil and plant showed increasing trend and the values in N addition treatments increased by 9.43%–38.22%and 13.40%–62.20%,respectively.It was worth noting that,compared with other treatments,the S.salsa in the MN treatments was very likely to have special response to N enrichment since not only the period of peak growth was prolonged by about 20 days but also the maximum of TN content in leaves was advanced by approximately one month.This paper found that,as N loading reached MN level in future,the growth rhythm of S.salsa and the accumulation and transference of N in its tissues would be altered significantly,which might generate great impact on the stability and health of S.salsa marsh ecosystem.
文摘氮矿化是湿地生态系统养分循环的重要组成部分,氮输入及温度变化对土壤氮矿化的影响具有复杂性。为了探究湿地土壤氮矿化特征对温度及氮输入的响应,选择黄河入海口北部滨岸高潮滩的碱蓬湿地为研究对象,基于野外原位氮负荷增强模拟试验(N0:0 g N m^(-2) a^(-1);N1:9.0 g N m^(-2) a^(-1);N2:12.0 g N m^(-2) a^(-1);N3:18.0 g N m^(-2) a^(-1)),于生长季末获取不同氮处理下的土壤(S-N0、S-N1、S-N2和S-N3)开展室内培养实验。结果表明,不同氮处理土壤的氮累积矿化量均呈现出培养初期(0—14 d)增加迅速,培养中期(14—42 d)骤然降低,而培养后期(42—84 d)趋于稳定的变化特征,其值整体表现为S-N3>S-N0>S-N2>S-N1(P>0.05)。培养后期,不同氮处理土壤的累积矿化量在20℃和25℃下的差异均达到极显著或显著水平(P<0.01或P<0.05),且S-N2在此间的矿化能力最强。氮输入整体降低了土壤氮矿化对温度的敏感性(Q_(10)),其中S-N2土壤的温度敏感性最低,更利于持续供氮。不同氮处理土壤的氮矿化速率和累积矿化量与培养温度、土壤基质质量密切相关,且在一定范围内较高的温度和较低的C/N有利于氮矿化的进行。研究发现,未来黄河口氮负荷增强以及温度持续上升背景下,碱蓬湿地土壤氮养分及温度条件改变将会影响其供氮能力,适量氮输入(N2)将有利于土壤保持持续稳定的供氮能力。
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41971128,41371104)the Award Program for Min River Scholar in Fujian Province(No.Min 201531)。
文摘To determine the pollution levels and potential toxic risks of arsenic(As) and heavy metals(Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd) in water and suspended particulate matter(SPM) in tail reaches(including freshwater reach and low-salinity reach) of the Yellow River as the Flow-Sediment Regulation Project(FSRP) has been carried out for approximately 15 yr, the surface water and SPM were sampled at pre-flood(April) and post-flood seasons(October). Results showed that similar changes of As and metal levels in water and SPM were observed along the tail reaches at pre-flood or post-flood season. Compared to pre-flood season, the levels of As, Cu, Cr and Ni in freshwater reach and the concentrations of Cr and Ni in low-salinity reach rose greatly at post-flood season. The levels of As and metals in SPM of freshwater reach or low-salinity reach at pre-flood season were significantly higher than those at post-flood season(P < 0.01).The pollutions of As and metals in surface water of tail reaches at pre-flood or post-flood season were not serious. The SPM in freshwater reach at pre-flood season were polluted by Cd, As, Cr, Cu and Ni while those in low-salinity reach were polluted by Cd and Cr. The SPM in freshwater reach at post-flood season were polluted by Cd and Pb while those in low-salinity reach were polluted by Cd and Cr.Cd was identified as heavy metal of primary concern at both pre-flood and post-flood seasons. Combined with the existed data reported in present research, this study found that the toxic risk of As and metals in SPM of tail reaches at pre-flood season was higher than that at post-flood season, implying that the implementation of FSRP during flooding season, to a great extent, reduced the toxic risk of these elements. With the long-term implementation of FSRP, the pollution levels of As and metals(particularly for Cd) in SPM of tail reaches might be elevated and the potential toxic risk primarily produced by Cr, Ni and As might be increased if effective measures were not taken in future.
