土地资源管理专业人才培养模式的国际对比与思考

全球一体化和教育国际化逐步成为专业人才培养的重点,如何培养具有国际竞争力的专业人才是各大高校当前乃至未来一段时间内的发展大计。在对比国内外开设土地资源管理专业或方向的人才培养目标和培养规格基础上,从方向特色、课程设置和实践教学三个方面对该专业的人才培养环节进行了对比,同时,从意识理念培养、理论知识培养和实践技能培养三个方面对人才培养过程进行了对比,并以此为依据围绕"学生需什么、学校给什么、社会提什么"三个核心问题,从理念对接、专业对接和执业对接角度提出了我国土地资源管理专业人才培养模式的思考。

Accurate Quantification of Grassland Cover Density in an Alpine Meadow Soil Based on Remote Sensing and GPS

The principles of remotely estimating grassland cover density in an alpine meadow soil from space lie in the synchronous collection of in situ samples with the satellite pass and statistically linking these cover densities to their image properties according to their geographic coordinates. The principles and procedures for quantifying grassland cover density from satellite image data were presented with an example from Qinghai Lake, China demonstrating how quantification could be made more accurate through the integrated use of remote sensing and global positioning systems (GPS). An empirical model was applied to an entire satellite image to convert pixel values into ground cover density. Satellite data based on 68 field samples was used to produce a map of ten cover densities. After calibration a strong linear regression relationship (r2 = 0.745) between pixel values on the satellite image and in situ measured grassland cover density was established with an 89% accuracy level. However, to minimize positional uncertainty of field samples, integrated use of hyperspatial satellite data and GPS could be utilized. This integration could reduce disparity in ground and space sampling intervals, and improve future quantification accuracy even more.

Spatial-temporal variance of reclamation soil physical and chemical character in opencast mine region

In order to study the effects of soil compaction, and soil physical and chemicalcharacteristics after land reclamation, selected lands that were reclaimed after 1, 2, 3, 4,and 5 a, respectively, in the Majiata Mine of the Shendong Open Pit; tested the effects ofsoil compaction; and collected soil samples from 5 different depths, which are 0-7.62,7.62-15.24, 15.24-22.86, 22.86-30.48, and 30.48-38.10 cm, respectively. The resultsshow that: Land reclamation leads to soil compaction. The lowest effect of soil compaction is in the top layer and the highest one at the depth of 20-30 cm; The bulk density of reclaimed soil is higher than that of undisturbed soil; this declines with the reclamation and nearly reaches the level of undisturbed soil after 5-year reclamation;The content of reclaimed soil nutrients is lower than that of undisturbed soil. The lowest one is inthe soil dumping site, which reaches the level of undisturbed soil after 5-year reclamation;The pH value of reclaimed soil is lower than that of undisturbed soil. The highest one isin the soil dumping site; this declines with the reclamation.

国土空间用途转用许可:实务现实与规制创新

基于中国国土空间用途转用许可实务现实剖析,提出了国土空间用途转用许可的规制创新逻辑与实现路径。结果表明:(1)中国国土空间用途转用许可事项可概括为分配资源的特许和控制风险的许可,转用许可条件设定不清晰、立法统合不完备及规制程序监管不完善等问题亟需解决。(2)完善转用许可法律体系、响应生态文明体制改革指引、探索转用许可多元化机制与完善优化转用许可监督监管,是保障自然资源所有者共同利益,贯彻整体保护、系统修复、综合治理要求,实现国土空间治理能力和治理体系现代化的创新逻辑。(3)国土空间用途转用许可创新路径主要包括充实转用许可基本条件的法律实体、关注转用许可关键程序的衔接优化、开展转用许可工具的应用创新及优化转用许可审查决定的权责分配。

广西喀斯特移民迁入区土地利用变化对土壤有机碳和全氮储量的影响

土地利用变化是影响土壤碳、氮循环的重要因素,也是研究全球气候变化的热点(.本研究基于固定深度法(FD)和等效质量法ESM),从森林开垦和退耕还林还草两个角度探讨喀斯特移民迁入区土地利用变化对土壤有机碳(SOC)和全氮(TN)储量的影响.结果表明:原始森林被开垦为草地、桉树林和农田后,SOC和TN储量均显著减少;基于FD方法计算的SOC和TN储量分别损失了47.4%、41.6%,而通过ESM方法计算的SOC和TN的损失率分别为54.8%、49.7%.农田撂荒为草地及种植桉树后,SOC和TN储量显著增加;基于FD方法计算的SOC和TN储量提高了60.5%、49.7%,通过ESM方法计算的SOC和TN分别增加85.5%和70.8%.FD方法忽略了土地利用变化后土壤容重的差异,而森林开垦后会显著增加土壤容重,因此,FD方法高估了SOC和TN储量;农田恢复后土壤容重减小,FD方法则会低估SOC和TN储量的增加.建议相关研究选择ESM方法测算土地利用变化对SOC和TN储量的影响.