鸿茅药酒浓缩液的急性和亚慢性毒性研究

目的:研究鸿茅药酒浓缩液的急性和亚慢性毒性反应,为评价其安全性提供试验依据。方法:对鸿茅药酒浓缩液(上市品的5.5倍浓缩液)进行大鼠单次和13周经口毒性试验。结果:大鼠单次给予鸿茅药酒浓缩液最大达1600 mg/kg,未见不良毒性反应。连续13周给予鸿茅药酒浓缩液,与灭菌注射用水对照组动物比较,200、400、800 mg/kg组大鼠的每周体重、摄食量,给药末期及恢复期的血液学、血生化指标、脏器重量,均无统计学差异;800 mg/kg剂量组雄鼠可见体重、摄食的降低及血糖值轻微降低,停药后可恢复;除动物自发病变,800 mg/kg鸿茅药酒浓缩液组动物未见明显毒性病理改变。结论:鸿茅药酒浓缩液对大鼠急性经口最大耐受剂量大于1600 mg/kg;大鼠连续13周给予鸿茅药酒浓缩液,未观察到临床不良反应的剂量为400 mg/kg(以生药量计,约为人用剂量的10倍)。

基于点云数据的排土场安全挡墙提取方法研究

安全挡墙作为排土场安全措施之一,用来保障排土场正常作业,避免排岩车辆未保持安全卸载距离导致车辆滑落。文章提出基于无人机点云数据的排土场安全挡墙提取方法。以辽宁省鞍山市齐大山铁矿排土场点云数据作为数据源,利用坡度滤波算法提取排土平台点云数据,再对其进行alphashape边缘提取算法来提取出安全挡墙一侧的边缘点云数据,再根据高程约束与向量叉乘位置判别来提取安全挡墙点云数据。通过对安全挡墙进行三维可视化建模实现安全挡墙的监测。

Matrix stiffening promotes chondrocyte senescence and the osteoarthritis development through downregulating HDAC3

Extracellular matrix(ECM)stiffening is a typical characteristic of cartilage aging,which is a quintessential feature of knee osteoarthritis(KOA).However,little is known about how ECM stiffening affects chondrocytes and other molecules downstream.This study mimicked the physiological and pathological stiffness of human cartilage using polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)substrates.It demonstrated that epigenetic Parkin regulation by histone deacetylase 3(HDAC3)represents a new mechanosensitive mechanism by which the stiffness matrix affected chondrocyte physiology.We found that ECM stiffening accelerated cultured chondrocyte senescence in vitro,while the stiffness ECM downregulated HDAC3,prompting Parkin acetylation to activate excessive mitophagy and accelerating chondrocyte senescence and osteoarthritis(OA)in mice.Contrarily,intra-articular injection with an HDAC3-expressing adeno-associated virus restored the young phenotype of the aged chondrocytes stimulated by ECM stiffening and alleviated OA in mice.The findings indicated that changes in the mechanical ECM properties initiated pathogenic mechanotransduction signals,promoted the Parkin acetylation and hyperactivated mitophagy,and damaged chondrocyte health.These results may provide new insights into chondrocyte regulation by the mechanical properties of ECM,suggesting that the modification of the physical ECM properties may be a potential OA treatment strategy.

Haplotype-resolved and chromosome-scale genomes provide insights into co-adaptation between the Amur tiger and Amur leopard

DEAR EDITOR,Big cats,such as Amur tigers(Panthera tigris altaica)and Amur leopards(P.pardus orientalis),are apex predator and have evolved specialized traits for hunting and carnivory(Moya et al.,2022),thus playing a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem integrity by regulating prey-predator dynamics.However,human-induced pressures,habitat fragmentation,and environmental alterations have restricted these species in small and isolated populations.Currently,all extant big cats are categorized as endangered or threatened according to their conservation status.Amur tigers and Amur leopards share overlapping geographic ranges,habitats,and certain prey species in the forests of Northeast Asia(Jiang et al.,2015).To reduce interspecies conflict,these carnivores exhibit differentiated dietary and temporal niches.Amur tigers predominantly prey on large ungulates,while Amur leopards hunt small to medium-sized animals(Sugimoto et al.,2016).Additionally,they occupy different temporal niches,with tigers being active at night and leopards more active during the day.Despite spatial and temporal niche partitioning,interspecific competition between these two species is inevitable.Tigers,benefiting from their greater size,have a competitive advantage over leopards,which can manifest in occasional leopard predation by tigers and declines in leopard populations with increasing tiger density(Jiang et al.,2015).Tigers also displace leopards from marginal habitats in nature reserves where they coexist.

Evaluation of Cold Resistance and Semi-lethal Low Temperature(LT_(50))of Nine Pear Cultivars

[Objectives]To evaluate the cold resistance and semi-lethal temperature of pear cultivars,and provide a theoretical basis for the regional extension and breeding of cold-resistant pear cultivars.[Methods]Nine pear cultivars were used to study the changes in relative conductivity and cell injury rate of pear branches under low temperature stress,and the semi-lethal temperature(LT_(50))of pear branches was analyzed by fitting Logistic equation.[Results]The relative conductivity and cell injury rate of pear branches took on the trend of slow increase,rapid increase,and slow increase the decrease of treatment temperature.The LC_(50) of the nine pear cultivars were as follows:Nanguo pear-33.9℃,Wanyu-32.3℃,Red D Anjou-31.8℃,Jinfeng-31.3℃,Wujiuxiang-29.2℃,20 th Century Pear-29.1℃,Hanxiang-35.1℃,Yuluxiang-27.9℃ and Korla Fragrant Pear-29.2℃.[Conclusions]The semi-lethal temperature could reflect the cold resistance of pear trees,and Wanxiang had better cold resistance.The evaluation of cold resistance and semi-lethal temperature of pear cultivars can provide theoretical basis for regional extension and breeding of cold-resistant pear cultivars.

Advances in Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms of Fruit Trees under Low Temperature Stress

The most recent research findings on the tolerance of fruit trees to cold stress are reviewed from a molecular perspective,including the perception and transduction of low temperature calcium signaling,CBF-dependent molecular regulatory mechanisms,non-CBF-dependent molecular regulatory mechanisms,and so forth.The objective is to provide a reference basis for further improving the cold resistance of fruit trees and cultivating new varieties of hardy plants.

A Light and Simplified Branch Bending Method for Young Pear Trees

Aiming at high cost and low efficiency of conventional branch bending method in the modern intensive planting and labor-saving cultivation mode of young pear trees,this paper provides a new branch bending method with wide source of raw materials,cheap price and simple operation,which is also suitable for the management of low-age branches in the process of high grafting and upgrading of traditional big trees.

A method for Improving the Efficiency of Pear Tree Crossbreeding

In view of the short blooming period of pear tree crossbreeding and the complexity of pollination process, a method that can improve the efficiency of crossbreeding of pear trees was provided. Meanwhile, this method can also be applied to the study of pollen xenia effect, pollination tree selection and pure pollen collection in pear tree cultivation.

An analysis of the interaction mechanism between the social history of medicine research and health communication from the perspective of mass communication

The mass communication model and interactive ritual chain theory,which serve as communication paradigms in the new media era,facilitate and enhance the synergy between the fields of social history of medicine and health communication.This study employs a comprehensive framework based on the five elements of the mass communication model:information source,communication subject,communication object,message content,and post-communication feedback.Additionally,it incorporates the interactive ritual chain theory to examine the evolving dynamics and developmental trajectory of research in the social history of medicine during the new media era.Conclusively,this paper acknowledges the existing interaction gaps in the interaction between health communication and the social history of medicine research while outlining the challenges for fostering collaboration and proposing strategic optimizations for effective integration.

Historical retrospects and evolutionary characteristics of paleogenomic science and technology

Paleogenomics is a discipline in which the extraction and analysis of DNA from ancient biological remains are studied to understand the evolutionary history of past organisms.Research on this topic has revealed the evolutionary history of humans and other species,traced human migrations and genetic changes,and investigated ancient diseases and environmental influences due to its uniqueness.This paper reviews the scientific and technological history of the development of paleogenomics,including the molecular cloning era,the polymerase chain reaction(PCR)technique era,the genomics era,and the bio-data analysis era.This field explores the key technological development processes and effects of significant scientific discoveries,ranging from gene cloning technology and sequencing technology to breakthroughs and applications in big data analysis,addressing challenges such as sample contamination and trace collection analysis in paleogenomics research.

Chromatin conformation of human oral epithelium can identify orofacial cleft missing functional variants

Genome-wide association studies(GWASs) are the most widely used method to identify genetic risk loci associated with orofacial clefts(OFC). However, despite the increasing size of cohort, GWASs are still insufficient to detect all the heritability,suggesting there are more associations under the current stringent statistical threshold. In this study, we obtained an integrated epigenomic dataset based on the chromatin conformation of a human oral epithelial cell line(HIOEC) using RNA-seq, ATAC-seq,H3K27ac Ch IP-seq, and DLO Hi-C. Presumably, this epigenomic dataset could reveal the missing functional variants located in the oral epithelial cell active enhancers/promoters along with their risk target genes, despite relatively less-stringent statistical association with OFC. Taken a non-syndromic cleft palate only(NSCPO) GWAS data of the Chinese Han population as an example, 3664 SNPs that cannot reach the strict significance threshold were subjected to this functional identification pipeline.In total, 254 potential risk SNPs residing in active cis-regulatory elements interacting with 1 718 promoters of oral epitheliumexpressed genes were screened. Gapped k-mer machine learning based on enhancers interacting with epithelium-expressed genes along with in vivo and in vitro reporter assays were employed as functional validation. Among all the potential SNPs, we chose and confirmed that the risk alleles of rs560789 and rs174570 reduced the epithelial-specific enhancer activity by preventing the binding of transcription factors related to epithelial development. In summary, we established chromatin conformation datasets of human oral epithelial cells and provided a framework for testing and understanding how regulatory variants impart risk for clefts.

Developing super-hydrophobic and corrosion-resistant coating on magnesium-lithium alloy via one-step hydrothermal processing

Formation of super-hydrophobic and corrosion-resistant coatings can provide significant corrosion protection to magnesium alloys.However,it remains a grand challenge to produce such coatings for magnesium-lithium alloys due to their high chemical reactivity.Herein,a one-step hydrothermal processing was developed using a stearic-acid-based precursor medium,which enables the hydrothermal conversion and the formation of low surface energy materials concurrently to produce the super-hydrophobic and corrosion-resistant coating.The multiscale microstructures with nanoscale stacks and microscale spheres on the surface,as well as the through-thickness stearates,lead to the super-hydrophobicity and excellent corrosion resistance of the obtained coating.

Sirolimus improves the prognosis of liver recipients with hepatocellular carcinoma:A single-center experience

Background:Tumor recurrence after liver transplantation(LT)for selective patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in the setting of cirrhosis is the greatest challenge effecting the prognosis of these patients.The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of sirolimus on the prognosis for these recipients.Methods:The data from 193 consecutive HCC patients who had undergone LT from January 2015 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.These patients were divided into the sirolimus group[patients took sirolimus combined with calcineurin inhibitors(CNIs)(n=125)]and non-sirolimus group[patients took CNI-based therapy without sirolimus(n=68)].Recurrence-free survival(RFS)and overall survival(OS)were compared between the two groups.The prognostic factors and independent risk factors for RFS and OS were further evaluated.Results:Non-sirolimus was an independent risk factor for RFS(HR=2.990;95%CI:1.050-8.470;P=0.040)and OS(HR=3.100;95%CI:1.190-8.000;P=0.020).A higher proportion of patients beyond Hangzhou criteria was divided into the sirolimus group(69.6%vs.80.9%,P=0.030).Compared with the non-sirolimus group,the sirolimus group had significantly better RFS(P<0.001)and OS(P<0.001).Further subgroup analysis showed similar results.Conclusions:This study demonstrated that sirolimus significantly decreased HCC recurrence and prolonged RFS and OS in LT patients with different stage of HCC.

Boosting C–C coupling to multicarbon products via high-pressure CO electroreduction

Electrochemical CO reduction reaction(CORR) provides a promising approach for producing valuable multicarbon products(C_(2+)), while the low solubility of CO in aqueous solution and high energy barrier of C–C coupling as well as the competing hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) largely limit the efficiency for C_(2+)production in CORR. Here we report an overturn on the Faradaic efficiency of CORR from being HER-dominant to C_(2+)formation-dominant over a wide potential window, accompanied by a significant activity enhancement over a Moss-like Cu catalyst via pressuring CO. With the CO pressure rising from 1 to 40 atm, the C_(2+)Faradaic efficiency and partial current density remarkably increase from 22.8%and 18.9 mA cm^(-2)to 89.7% and 116.7 mA cm^(-2), respectively. Experimental and theoretical investigations reveal that high pressure-induced high CO coverage on metallic Cu surface weakens the Cu–C bond via reducing electron transfer from Cu to adsorbed CO and restrains hydrogen adsorption, which significantly facilitates the C–C coupling while suppressing HER on the predominant Cu(111) surface, thereby boosting the CO electroreduction to C_(2+)activity.

Recent Progress in Atmospheric Chemistry Research in China: Establishing a Theoretical Framework for the “Air Pollution Complex”

Atmospheric chemistry research has been growing rapidly in China in the last 25 years since the concept of the“air pollution complex”was first proposed by Professor Xiaoyan TANG in 1997.For papers published in 2021 on air pollution(only papers included in the Web of Science Core Collection database were considered),more than 24000 papers were authored or co-authored by scientists working in China.In this paper,we review a limited number of representative and significant studies on atmospheric chemistry in China in the last few years,including studies on(1)sources and emission inventories,(2)atmospheric chemical processes,(3)interactions of air pollution with meteorology,weather and climate,(4)interactions between the biosphere and atmosphere,and(5)data assimilation.The intention was not to provide a complete review of all progress made in the last few years,but rather to serve as a starting point for learning more about atmospheric chemistry research in China.The advances reviewed in this paper have enabled a theoretical framework for the air pollution complex to be established,provided robust scientific support to highly successful air pollution control policies in China,and created great opportunities in education,training,and career development for many graduate students and young scientists.This paper further highlights that developing and low-income countries that are heavily affected by air pollution can benefit from these research advances,whilst at the same time acknowledging that many challenges and opportunities still remain in atmospheric chemistry research in China,to hopefully be addressed over the next few decades.

依托应用化学专业虚拟教研室建设探索C4H4创新型人才培养

虚拟教研室作为信息化时代新型基层教学组织建设的重要探索,通过资源共享共建、多校协同合作,在高校专业建设与人才培养中起到助推作用。依托民族院校应用化学专业虚拟教研室,建设应用化学国家级一流本科专业,探索基于中南民族大学校训“笃信好学,自然宽和”精神的“C4H4”(Clean Heart,Cautious Habit,Comparative Haecceity和Clever Hands)的创新型人才培养模式,通过教学研讨、经验交流、示范教学、教研立项、成果推广、教师培训等教研形式,使用虚拟教研室APP等在线平台,合作共享教学案例、虚拟仿真项目、题库和试卷库、知识图谱、教学视频、电子课件和数据采集等共建资源,分别在学生专业素养提升、学习习惯养成、专业思维模式培养和实践动手能力等方面进行尝试,为民族地区培养专业素养良好、学习态度严谨、专业思维敏锐及实践动手能力出色的复合型高素质创新型人才。

MXenes在水系锌离子电池中的应用研究进展

水系锌离子电池(AZIBs)作为一种低成本、高安全的新兴且前景广阔的储能技术近年来备受关注。新型MXenes材料由于其独特的结构特征和物理化学性质,如易调节的二维结构、优异的导电性、化学组成多样和可控的表面化学特性,在AZIBs中表现出独特的应用优势。本文全面综述近年来MXenes在AZIBs中应用的研究进展,探讨MXenes应用于AZIBs正负极的结构设计及性能优化策略:在正极方面,MXenes可直接作为活性物质或活性物质前驱体、基体材料,以获得高活性、优异的循环寿命和倍率性能;在负极方面,MXenes可作为锌沉积的二维/三维载体、亲锌基体及锌金属界面保护层,以减缓电化学反应过程中锌金属的腐蚀和枝晶生长。此外,本文也对MXenes基材料在AZIBs中应用的发展方向进行展望。

Association of vitamin D and polymorphisms of its receptor with antiviral therapy in pregnant women with hepatitis B

BACKGROUND The interruption of mother-to-child transmission(MTCT)is considered important to decrease the individual and population morbidity of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection as well as the global burden of hepatitis B.Serum vitamin D(VD)is associated with hepatitis B.AIM To assess whether baseline VD levels and single nucleotide polymorphisms of the VD receptor gene(VDR SNPs)are associated with the efficacy of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF)in the prevention of MTCT in pregnant women with high HBV viral loads.METHODS Thirty-eight pregnant women who were at high risk for MTCT of HBV(those with an HBV DNA level≥2×10^(5)IU/mL during 12-24 wk of gestation)receiving antiviral therapy of TDF between June 1,2019 and June 30,2021 in Mianyang were included in this retrospective study.The women received 300 mg TDF once daily from gestational weeks 24-28 until 3 mo after delivery.To further characterize the clinical relevance of maternal serum HBV DNA levels,we stratified patients according to HBV DNA level as follows:Those with levels<2×10_(5)(full responder group)vs those levels≥2×10^(5)IU/mL(partial responder group)at delivery.Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D],liver function markers,virological parameters,VDR SNPs and other clinical parameters were collected to analyze their association with the efficacy of TDF.The Mann-Whitney U test or t test was used to analyze the serum levels of 25(OH)D in different groups.Multiple linear regressions were utilized to analyze the determinants of the maternal HBV DNA level at delivery.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to explore the association of targeted antiviral effects with various characteristics at baseline and delivery.RESULTS A total of 38 pregnant women in Mianyang City at high risk for MTCT of HBV were enrolled in the study.The MTCT rate was 0%.No mother achieved hepatitis B e antigen or hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)clearance at delivery.Twenty-three(60.5%)participants were full responders,and 15(39.5%)participants were partial responders according to antiviral efficacy.The present study showed that a high percentage(76.3%)of pregnant women with high HBV viral loads had deficient(<20 ng/mL)or insufficient(≥20 but<31 ng/mL)VD levels.Serum 25(OH)D levels in partial responders appeared to be significantly lower than those in full responders both at baseline(25.44±9.42 vs 17.66±5.34 ng/mL,P=0.006)and delivery(26.76±8.59 vs 21.24±6.88 ng/mL,P=0.044).Serum 25(OH)D levels were negatively correlated with maternal HBV DNA levels[log(10)IU/mL]at delivery after TDF therapy(r=-0.345,P=0.034).In a multiple linear regression analysis,maternal HBV DNA levels were associated with baseline maternal serum 25(OH)D levels(P<0.0001,β=-0.446),BMI(P=0.03,β=-0.245),baseline maternal log10 HBsAg levels(P=0.05,β=0.285)and cholesterol levels at delivery(P=0.015,β=0.341).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that baseline serum 25(OH)D levels(OR=1.23,95%CI:1.04-1.44),maternal VDR Cdx2 TT(OR=0.09,95%CI:0.01-0.88)and cholesterol levels at delivery(OR=0.39,95%CI:0.17-0.87)were associated with targeted antiviral effects(maternal HBV DNA levels<2×10^(5) at delivery).CONCLUSION Maternal VD levels and VDR SNPs may be associated with the efficacy of antiviral therapy in pregnant women with high HBV viral loads.Future studies to evaluate the therapeutic value of VD and its analogs in reducing the MTCT of HBV may be justified.

老年患者术中每搏变异度指导液体治疗对肾功能的影响

目的:探讨老年患者在硬膜外联合全身麻醉下实施腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术,术中使用每搏变异度(stroke volume variation,SVV)指导液体治疗对肾功能的影响。方法:前瞻性选取内蒙古医科大学附属医院100例老年患者在硬膜外联合全身麻醉下行腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术,随机分为对照组(C组)和试验组(S组),每组50例。C组采用常规补液法,S组在SVV指导下行液体补液。评估比较两组患者术前、术后血清肌酐(serum creatinine,Scr)、血尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN)、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂钙蛋白(neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin protein,NGAL)、肾损伤分子-1(kidney injury molecule-1,KIM-1)。结果:S组术后2 h、24 h的NGAL浓度均较C组降低(P=0.033,P=0.014)。S组术后24 h的KIM-1明显低于C组(P=0.012)。S组术后1天Scr明显低于C组(P=0.049)。C组术后急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)发生率显著高于S组(P=0.027)。结论:老年患者腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术中,使用SVV指导液体治疗,可降低术后血清中肾损伤标记物浓度及术后AKI的发生率,对肾功能有保护作用。

Analysis and Simulations of Open-Source Intelligence Process System Dynamics from User’s Perspective

In today’s society with advanced Internet,the amount of information increases dramatically with each passing day,which leads to increasingly complex processes of open-source intelligence.Therefore,it is more important to rationalize the operation mode and improve the operation efficiency of open-source intelligence under the premise of satisfying users’needs.This paper focuses on the simulation study of the process system of opensource intelligence from the user’s perspective.First,the basic concept and development status of open-source intelligence are introduced in details.Second,six existing intelligence operation process models are summarized and their advantages and disadvantages are compared in focus.Based on users’preference,the open-source intelligence system simulation theory model is constructed from four aspects:intelligence collection,intelligence processing,intelligence analysis,and intelligence delivery.Meanwhile,the dynamics model of the open-source intelligence process system is constructed based on the open-source intelligence system simulation theoretical model,which specifically includes five parts:determination of system boundary,construction of causal loop diagram,construction of stock flow diagram,writing ofmathematical equations,and system sensitivity test.Finally,the system simulation results were analyzed.It was found that improving the system of intelligence agencies,opening up government affairs,improving the professional level of intelligence personnel,strengthening the communication and cooperation among personnel of various intelligence departments,and expressing intelligence products through diverse forms can effectively improve the operational efficiency of the open-source intelligence process system.