Insights into microbiota community dynamics and flavor development mechanism during golden pomfret(Trachinotus ovatus)fermentation based on single-molecule real-time sequencing and molecular networking analysis

Popular fermented golden pomfret(Trachinotus ovatus)is prepared via spontaneous fermentation;however,the mechanisms underlying the regulation of its flavor development remain unclear.This study shows the roles of the complex microbiota and the dynamic changes in microbial community and flavor compounds during fish fermentation.Single-molecule real-time sequencing and molecular networking analysis revealed the correlations among different microbial genera and the relationships between microbial taxa and volatile compounds.Mechanisms underlying flavor development were also elucidated via KEGG based functional annotations.Clostridium,Shewanella,and Staphylococcus were the dominant microbial genera.Forty-nine volatile compounds were detected in the fermented fish samples,with thirteen identified as characteristic volatile compounds(ROAV>1).Volatile profiles resulted from the interactions among the microorganisms and derived enzymes,with the main metabolic pathways being amino acid biosynthesis/metabolism,carbon metabolism,and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis.This study demonstrated the approaches for distinguishing key microbiota associated with volatile compounds and monitoring the industrial production of high-quality fermented fish products.

Adsorption dynamics of ethane from air in structured fixed beds with different microfibrous composites

Adsorption dynamics of ethane in two granular fixed beds and structured fixed beds with microfibrous composites was studied.5A zeolite membrane 5A/PSSF(paper-like sintered stainless steel fiber)and microfibrous entrapped activated carbon(MEAC)composites were prepared by wet layup papermaking/sintering technique and in-situ hydrothermal method.Microfibrous composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and N2 adsorption/desorption.Structured fixed beds were designed by filling granular adsorbents(5A zeolite or activated carbon)and microfibrous composites at the inlet and outlet of the beds,respectively.Effects of flow rate,bed height and structure on the breakthrough curves were investigated.The length of unused bed(LUB)was determined,and Yoon–Nelson model was used to fit the breakthrough curves.The experimental results showed ethane was effectively adsorbed on the granular adsorbents and microfibrous composites.Both composites could decrease the LUB values and enhance bed utilization.All breakthrough curves fitted well to Yoon–Nelson model,with correlation coefficient exceeding 0.89.The adsorption rate of ethane could be improved in the structured fixed beds,which showed an enhanced mass transfer efficiency for ethane adsorption.LUB values of structured fixed beds with 5A/PSSF composites were larger,the bed utilization values were lower,and the adsorption rate constants were higher than those with MEAC composites under the same conditions.

目标导向液体疗法对老年肺癌患者术后早期认知功能的影响

目的探讨目标导向液体疗法对老年肺癌患者脑氧饱和度和术后早期认知功能的影响。方法选择拟在全麻下行胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者72例,年龄65~80岁,体重指数(BMI)22~28 kg/m2,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,随机分为目标导向液体治疗组(G组)和传统液体治疗组(C组),每组36例。C组采用传统液体治疗维持平均动脉压(MAP)60~100 mmHg,中心静脉压(CVP)6~12 cmH2O,尿量>0.5 ml/(kg·h);G组在每搏量变异度(SVV)指导下行目标导向液体疗法,维持SVV<13%,心脂数(CI)2.5~4.0 L/(min·m2)。记录麻醉诱导前(T0)、单肺通气前(T1)、单肺通气1 h(T2)和手术结束即刻(T3)心率(HR)、MAP、CVP、CI以及平均脑氧饱和度(rSO2);记录术中液体使用情况、出入量、血管活性药物使用情况及大脑低饱和度事件(CDE)发生率。在术前1 d和术后1、3 d进行认知功能评分。记录术前1 d和术后1、3 d简易智力状态检查(MMSE)量表评分及术后1、3 d术后认知功能障碍(POCD)发生率。结果与C组比较,T2时G组MAP明显升高(P<0.05),T2和T3时G组CVP明显下降、CI、rSO2明显升高(P<0.05)。与C组比较,G组晶体量、液体总量使用去氧肾上腺素比例明显减少(P<0.05),胶体量明显增多(P<0.05),术中CDE发生率较低,术后1和3 d MMSE评分明显升高(P<0.05),术后总的POCD发生率明显降低(P<0.05)。结论目标导向液体治疗能够稳定围术期血流动力学,改善老年肺癌患者围术期氧供需平衡,减轻围术期炎症反应及脑功能损害,从而降低患者术后早期认知功能障碍的发生率。

Fermentation-enabled wellness foods:A fresh perspective

Fermented foods represent an important segment of current food markets,especially traditional or ethnic food markets.The demand for efficient utilization of agrowastes,together with advancements in fermentation technologies(microbial-and enzyme-based processing),are stimulating rapid growth and innovation in the fermented food sector.In addition,the health-promoting benefits of fermented foods are attracting increasingly attention.The microorganisms contained in many common fermented foods can serve as“microfactories”to generate nutrients and bioactives with specific nutritional and health functionalities.Herein,recent research relating to the manufacture of fermented foods are critically reviewed,placing emphasis on the potential health benefits of fermentation-enabled wellness foods.The importance of the correct selection of microorganisms and raw materials and the need for precise control of fermentation processes are explored.Major knowledge gaps and obstacles to fermented food production and market penetration are discussed.The importance of integrating multidisciplinary knowledge,communicating with consumers,establishing regulatory frameworks specifically for fermentation-enabled wellness foods and functional fermented foods,are highlighted.

Hypoglycemic polysaccharides from Auricularia auricula and Auricularia polytricha inhibit oxidative stress,NF-κB signaling and proinflammatory cytokine production in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice

Auricularia auricula(AA)and Auricularia polytricha(AP)are popular edible fungi.This study successfully produced hypoglycemic polysaccharides from un-smashed or smashing and sieving(through a 10-mesh sieve)AA and AP(termed as AAP/AAP-10 and APP/APP-10)via scalable processes(water extraction,ethanolic precipitation and deproteinization).This is the first report to compare the effectiveness of AAP and APP in combating streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress and diabetes-related changes in mice(body weight,fasting blood glucose,serum insulin,proinflammatory mediator and cytokines,oxidative stress-related products,antioxidant enzymes).APP and AAP with different molecular weights and monosaccharide molar ratios could be therapeutic options for diabetes with a low dose(100 mg/kg/day)likely working better.At the same dose,APP generally performed more effective than AAP,and AAP-10/APP-10 seemed slightly more beneficial than AAP/APP.One mechanism underlying these antidiabetic functions might involve the NF-κB and associated signalling pathways.AP is cheaper than AA,thereby representing a favorable source of functional polysaccharides.

Deep eutectic solvents and alkaline extraction of protein from seabuckthorn seed meal: a comparison study

Seabuckthorn seed meal(SSM) is a waste of oil extraction industry that rich in protein. In order to seek suitable protein extraction method, three different deep eutectic solvents(DESs)(including choline chlorideglycerol, choline chloride-oxalic acid and choline chloride-urea) were developed for extracting protein from SSM and compared with alkaline. Result indicated that alkaline could effectively extract 56.9% protein from SSM and its protein content was 73.1%, higher than DES at 31.0%-41.4% and 64.3%-67.5%, respectively. However, compared to alkali, DES led to a product with less β-sheet, more β-turn, more essential amino acids, higher total amino acid content, especially choline chloride-urea which extracted protein showing an integrated and similar protein weight distribution compared to SSM. Also, this protein extracted chloride-urea showed a highest digestibility in vitro(by pepsin)(54.2%). These results indicated that choline chloride-urea extraction is better than alkaline extraction for SSM.

术前不同剂量羟考酮在腹部手术后的镇痛效果及对炎症因子水平的影响

目的探析术前不同剂量羟考酮对预防腹部手术患者术后疼痛效果及对炎症因子水平的影响。方法采用等距随机抽样法将2016年5月至2017年5月前往我院接受腹部手术治疗的96例直肠癌患者分为低剂量组(0.05 mg/kg)、中剂量组(0.1 mg/kg)和高剂量组(0.2 mg/kg),每组32例,对3组患者术后疼痛预防效果、镇痛效果、炎症因子水平进行比较。结果低剂量组疼痛发生率12.5%,中剂量组疼痛发生率9.38%,高剂量组9.38%,3组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组患者苏醒时间、镇痛持续时间相比较,低剂量组与中剂量组苏醒时间短于高剂量组,中剂量组与高剂量组镇痛持续时间长于低剂量组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但中剂量组与高剂量组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术前3组患者炎症因子无明显差异,术后炎症因子水平相比较,中高剂量组间差异无统计学意义(P<0.05),但与低剂量组相比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论羟考酮镇痛作用具有封顶效应,中剂量(0.1 mg/kg)在预防腹部手术患者术后疼痛效果及抑制炎症因子水平方面取得的效果最佳,可作为优选方案推广使用。

Extreme temperature increases the severity of intracerebral hemorrhage: An analysis based on the cold region of China

Objective:The purpose of this study was to find a suitable model to evaluate the relationship between temperature and intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)and explore the effects of cold spells and heat waves on the clinicopathological parameters of ICH patients.Methods:We conducted a retrospective study based on the ICH admission in the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from 2015 to 2020(N=11124).The relationship between different seasons and the number of patients with ICH was explored.Poisson Akaike information criterion(AIC)was used to select the optimal model for temperature and ICH.Binary logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between extreme temperatures and clinicopathological features.Results:Hospital admissions for patients with ICH showed monthly changes.The optimal cold spell was defined as the daily average temperature<3rd percentile,lasting for five days,while the optimal heat wave was defined as the daily average temperature>97th percentile,lasting for three days.Based on the generalized extreme weather model,cold climate significantly increased the risk of hematoma volume expansion(OR 1.003;95%CI:1.000-1.005,P=0.047).In the optimal model,the occurrence of cold spells and heat waves increased the risk of midline shift in both conditions(OR 1.067;95%CI:1.021-1.115,P=0.004;OR 1.077;95%CI:1.030-1.127,P=0.001).Conclusion:Our study shows that seasonal cold spells and heat waves are essential factors affecting ICH severity,and targeted preventive measures should be taken to minimize the pathological impacts.

Research and Application of Anti-Collapse Lubricant Compound Polyalcohol for Water-Based Drilling Fluid

Polyalcohol is an environmentally friendly anti-collapse lubricant commonly used in water-based drilling fluids. It is generally composed of the single polyether or polyol, but its lubricity and anti-collapse inhibition can’t satisfy the application of current water-based drilling fluid systems well. Consequently, the laboratory has carried out research on the anti-collapse lubricant compound polyalcohol. The anti-collapse lubricant samples are mixed with lauryl polyether, nonylphenol polyether and Tween 80 according to different proportions. The cloud point, the reduction rate of lubrication coefficient and linear expansion are measured, and the change they caused should be observed. Then, the optimal ratio is optimized through orthogonal experiments. The results show that the increase in the content of the three kinds of polyethers respectively enhances the inhibition. When the content of lauryl polyether increases, the cloud point of the anti-collapse lubricant declines and the reduction rate of lubrication coefficient rises;when the content of nonylphenol polyether increases, the cloud point declines, but it has little effect on the reduction rate of the lubrication coefficient;when the content of Tween 80 increases, the cloud point rises, and the reduction rate of the lubrication coefficient first augments and then basically remains unchanged. The best mass ratio of lauryl polyether:TW-80:nonylphenol polyether is 6:3:4.

Understanding the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of brain arteriovenous malformations

Brain arteriovenous malformations(AVMs)are abnormal vessels that are prone to rupture,ausing life threatening intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH).Understanding the moleaular basis of pathogenesis,timely diagnosis,and treatment of brain AVMs are some of the urgent problems in neur osur gery.MiaoRNAs(miRNAs)are small endogenous RNAs that regulate gene-epression psttranscriptionally.MiRNAs are involved in almost all biological procsss,induding cell proliferation,apoptosis,and cell differentiation.Recent studies have shown that miRNAs an be involved in brain AVMs formation and rupture.There are also extracellular forms of miRNAs.Circulating miRNAs have been detected in the blood circulation and other body fluids.Owing to their stability and resistance to endogenous RNase activity,circulating miRNAs have been proposed as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for various diseases,such as tumors,cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases.In this review,we summarized the role of some miRNAs in brain AVMs pathogenesis and discussed their potential cdinical appliation as non-invasive biomarkers.

Microwave-assisted catalyst-free hydrolysis of fibrous cellulose for deriving sugars and biochemicals

Microwave(MW)assisted catalyst-free hydrolysis of fibrous cellulose(FC,cellulolysis)at 200℃promoted a cellulose conversion o f ca.37.2%and quantitative production o f valuable C5/C6 sugars(e.g.,glucose)and the according platform biochemicals(e.g.,5-hydroxymethylfurfliral),corresponding to an overall selectivity o f 96.5%.Conversely,conventional hydrothermal cellulolysis under similar conditions was not effective,even after 24 h,carbonising the FC.Based on the systematic study of MW-assisted cellulolysis,the specific interaction between water molecules and macroscopic FC under the MW irradiation was proposed,accounting for the interpretation o f the experimental observation.The kinetic energy o f water molecules under the MW irradiation facilitated the C-C(in the non-hindered surface-CH2OH groups)and C-O-C bond breaking(inside the cellulose cavities)in FC,producing primary cellulolysis products of xylose,glucose and cellobiose.

右美托咪定肋间神经阻滞对食管癌根治术患者术后疼痛的影响

目的探讨右美托咪定肋间神经阻滞对食管癌根治术患者术后疼痛的影响。方法将90例2017年6月至2018年5月在徐州市中心医院进行食管癌根治术的患者作为研究对象。全部患者随机分为研究组和对照组,各45例。全部患者采用胸腹腔镜食管癌根治术治疗,术后采用肋间神经阻滞进行镇痛。对照组给予罗哌卡因注射液。研究组在对照组基础上,给予右美托咪定。于术后4、8、12、24 h,记录两组的生命体征指标(HR、MAP、SpO2);采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估患者的疼痛程度;采用Ramsay镇静评分标准评估患者的镇静状态。检测两组患者血清5-羟色胺(5-HT)、P物质(SP)、β-内啡肽(β-EP)、神经肽Y(NPY)水平。记录两组的手术情况。结果术后4、8、12、24 h,两组的MAP、SpO2比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后8、12、24 h,研究组的HR比对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后8、12、24 h,研究组的VAS评分比对照组低,Ramsay评分比对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后8、12、24 h,研究组的5-HT、SP、β-EP、NPY比对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组的手术时间、术中失血量、苏醒时间、胃肠功能恢复时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论右美托咪定肋间神经阻滞能进一步减轻食管癌根治术患者术后疼痛。

Novel potential XOD inhibitory peptides derived from Trachinotus ovatus:Isolation,identification and structure-function analysis

This study aimed to isolate and identify the novel potential Xanthine oxidase(XOD)inhibitory peptides derived from Trachinotus ovatus hydrolysate(TOH)(hydrolysis by neutral protease),and investigate their structure-function relationship.Initially,TOH was separated to four fractions(F1–F4)by gel filtration chromatography and F4 was chosen with higher XOD inhibitory rate(85.16%±0.566,25 mg/mL)and lower molecular weight(95.73%,<1000 Da).F4 was further characterized by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC)coupled with Nano-HPLC-MS/MS and four peptides(FPAW,LLPW,WLLP and FHLP)were identified with IC50 value of 3.81±0.18 mM,4.17±0.12 mM,43.06±0.73 mM,and over 50.00 mM respectively.It can be concluded that Trp-containing peptides especially located in C-terminal could inhibit XOD effectively.Moreover,the XOD-inhibiting actions of these peptides involvedπ-πstacking(Phe914 and Phe1009 in XOD),hydrogen bonding via molecular docking.Lineweaver-Burk equation showed the inhibition type of FPAW was a mixed inhibition.Circular dichroism(CD)spectra indicated FPAW could combine and change the secondary structure of XOD.Therefore,two peptides of FPAW and LLPW might have potential to be used to alleviate hyperuricemia in the future.

Tuning porosity of coal-derived activated carbons for CO_(2) adsorption

A simple method was developed to tune the porosity of coal-derived activated carbons,which provided a model adsorbent system to investigate the volumetric CO_(2)adsorption performance.Specifically,the method involved the variation of the activation temperature in a K2CO3 induced chemical activation process which could yield activated carbons with defined microporous(<2 nm,including ultra-microporous<1 nm)and meso-microporous structures.CO_(2)adsorption isotherms revealed that the microporous activated carbon has the highest measured CO_(2)adsorption capacity(6.0 mmol∙g^(–1)at 0℃and 4.1 mmol∙g^(-1)at 25℃),whilst ultra-microporous activated carbon with a high packing density exhibited the highest normalized capacity with respect to packing volume(1.8 mmol∙cm−3 at 0℃and 1.3 mmol∙cm^(–3)at 25℃),which is significant.Both experimental correlation analysis and molecular dynamics simulation demonstrated that(i)volumetric CO_(2)adsorption capacity is directly proportional to the ultra-micropore volume,and(ii)an increase in micropore sizes is beneficial to improve the volumetric capacity,but may lead a low CO_(2)adsorption density and thus low pore space utilization efficiency.The adsorption experiments on the activated carbons established the criterion for designing CO_(2)adsorbents with high volumetric adsorption capacity.