河南大庄铌稀土矿床褐钇铌矿的发现及其地质意义

大庄铌稀土矿床赋存于双山碱性岩体中。岩石地球化学分析结果表明,岩体中SiO2含量53.68%~57.80%,Al2O3含量19.17%~22.61%,Na2O+K2O含量10.95%~16.40%,A/NK比值1.38~1.83,分异指数(DI)91.23%~96.33%,具有高分异、富硅和富碱特征,是典型的A型花岗岩。少量的霞石伟晶岩脉和晶洞的出现,说明含矿碱性正长岩的形成与岩浆-热液阶段有关。铌矿的富集与萤石、钠长石化密切相关,含矿碱性正长岩比无矿碱性正长岩分异程度高,该矿床属岩浆分异型矿床类型。矿床可利用的独立矿物主要为褐钇铌矿,富含钇族稀土元素,钽的含量较低,具有其独特性。矿石伴生稀土∑REE含量为791.24×10^-6~1831.70×10^-6,有一定的综合利用价值。

河南南召神仙崖饰面用花岗岩矿床地质特征及加工性能浅析

河南南召神仙崖饰面用花岗岩矿床位于秦岭造山带东部,成矿区带属于东秦岭—大别成矿带。五朵山岩体中黑云母二长花岗岩类为矿床赋矿母岩,矿区内圈定饰面用花岗岩矿体1个,探获饰面用花岗岩矿石量1672.70×10^(4)m^(3),荒料量515.66×10^(4)m^(3)。通过对神仙崖饰面用花岗岩矿床地质特征与矿体特征分析,确定矿体形态简单,连续性好,厚度稳定,深部岩石完整性好。初步分析了矿石物理性能与加工技术性能,总结了成矿规律,其成因类型为岩浆矿床,成矿时代为加里东期。该矿床的发现及研究对今后东秦岭造山带寻找同类型饰面石材矿床具有一定的借鉴意义。

豫西熊耳山北岭金矿区马家河组安山岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

北岭金矿位于豫西熊耳山地区,矿区内的围岩主要为熊耳群马家河组火山岩。本文对马家河组安山岩进行了详细的岩石学、地球化学研究,旨在确定其岩石成因和形成的构造背景。研究结果表明,马家河组安山岩高碱,尤其富钾;稀土元素总量(ΣREE)为154. 60×10^(-6)～200. 60×10^(-6),轻稀土元素相对富集,具有弱的Eu负异常;岩石富集U、K、Pb、Nd等大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损Th、Nb、Ta、Ce、Zr、Ti等高场强元素(HFSE);马家河组安山岩具有幔源岩浆的特征,其源区可能受到俯冲组分的改造使其地球化学特征发生变化;岩浆在演化过程中经历了单斜辉石、斜长石等的分离结晶。结合其他资料分析认为,马家河组安山岩形成于大陆裂谷环境,可能是华北克拉通的伸展、裂解事件的产物。

河南南召五峰顶饰面用大理岩矿床地质特征及综合利用

河南南召五峰顶饰面用大理岩矿床位于东秦岭造山带,下古生界二郎坪群大庙组大理岩为其赋矿母岩。矿区内圈定饰面用大理岩矿体长约950m,厚29.35~130.76m,矿石类型为浅灰红色条纹条带状中细粒石英大理岩,探获饰面用大理岩矿石量960.07×10^(4)m^(3),荒料量336.80×10^(4)m^(3)。本文分析研究了矿石物理性能与加工技术性能,对矿床综合利用部分用于生产建筑石料与重质碳酸钙的可能性进行了探讨。该矿床的勘查与研究对今后在东秦岭造山带二郎坪群大庙组寻找同类型矿床具有重要的借鉴意义。

2-三氟甲基-2,3-二氢-1,3,4-噁二唑衍生物的合成

用三氟甲基酮酰腙作为三氟甲基合成砌块,在无催化剂条件下,通过三氟甲基酮酰腙和乙酸酐的酰化环化反应,合成了一系列三氟甲基取代的2,3-二氢-1,3,4-噁二唑衍生物.该法具有反应步骤短,操作简单及产率高等特点.

肥料减量对番茄植株生长、果实品质及需肥规律的影响

以嫁接番茄品种“金棚6022/浙砧一号”为试材,以农户常规施肥量(无机复合肥1650 kg/hm 2)为参考,在此基础上设置4个不同梯度的施肥水平试验组,研究了肥料减量对春茬大棚番茄植株生长、果实品质、产量及需肥规律的影响。结果表明,T2施肥水平[基肥(15-15-15)675 kg/hm 2+追肥(20-20-20)315 kg/hm 2]处理下,番茄植株具有较好的生长状况、综合果实品质、最高的果实单株产量(2842.2 g/株)及实测产量(154762.5 kg/hm 2)、相对适宜的营养元素吸收比例(N∶P∶K∶Mg=1∶0.20∶1.07∶0.35)。故试验T2处理的施肥水平及策略,可作为上海地区春茬设施番茄土培生产施肥的参考。

可调节根际温度的无土栽培系统在冬季番茄生产中的应用分析

以樱桃番茄品种PFZL为试材,开展了利用可调节根际温度的无土栽培系统(ARTS)进行番茄越冬栽培加温保温效果的试验研究。结果表明,该系统可有效缓解基质温度受空气温度的影响,保持基质温度的稳定性;明显改善根际温度,基质温度控制在20~25℃之间,平均温度稳定在22~23℃;冬季采用该系统加温可促进番茄株高和茎粗的生长,每667 m2产量1527.05 kg,比常规栽培装置增产39.94%;较传统的锅炉加温方式平均节能72.90%,冬季加温运行费用为0.33元·m^-2·月-1,远低于燃煤锅炉加温的0.94元·m^-2·月-1,具有显著的增产、节能效果。

温室网纹甜瓜临界氮浓度和氮营养指数模拟研究

为实现精准的氮营养诊断和指导生产,研究通过4个不同氮素水平处理的温室网纹甜瓜基质栽培试验,构建了临界氮浓度稀释曲线模型,并推导得到了氮素吸收和氮营养指数模型。结果表明:临界氮浓度稀释曲线模型(%N c=4.235DW-0.353 max)揭示了植株地上部生物量和氮浓度值之间呈幂函数关系,决定系数R 2=0.814,同时得到最高和最低氮浓度稀释曲线,决定系数分别为R 2=0.808、R 2=0.810;氮素吸收模型和氮营养指数模型对网纹甜瓜营养诊断结果基本一致,植株适宜的氮素施用量为始瓜期前4.1 g/株,之后1.3~2.7 g/株。本研究提出的临界氮浓度、氮素吸收和氮营养指数模型,相较于传统的经验方法更具有机理性,可为温室网纹甜瓜的氮肥管理决策提供理论依据。

组培脱毒嘉定白蒜原原种生产的技术关键点试验研究

以脱毒嘉定白蒜为试材,研究水肥供给对组培苗和组培鳞茎的生长及原原种质量的影响以及继代次数和组培鳞茎播期对原原种质量的影响,然后进行脱毒原种和常规蒜种的生产比较试验。通过水肥供给试验筛选出最佳处理组合(组织类型为组培鳞茎、32孔穴盘、灌溉时间为30 min、补肥间隔为14 d);15代组培鳞茎相比8代组培鳞茎更适合用于嘉定白蒜原原种繁育;相对晚播有利于提高原原种鳞茎中正常分瓣比例,但是显著影响鳞茎生物量的积累;在生产比较试验中,脱毒大蒜原种各项生长指标以及鳞茎质量均显著优于常规蒜种。试验结果为实现嘉定白蒜脱毒种苗的产业化提供了技术支持。

Role of flavonoids in plant interactions with the environment and against human pathogens-A review

Flavonoids are widely-distributed polyphenolic secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities in plants and benefit human health as protective dietary agents.They participate in plants' responses to harsh environmental conditions and effectively regulate the cell differentiation and growth.In plants,the majority of their functions are attributed to their strong antioxidative properties.Similarly,dietary flavonoids protect the human body against free radicals which are associated with the development of cancer and atherosclerosis.Plants rich in polyphenols have been used to cure various diseases because of their antibacterial,antiviral,antifungal and anticancer properties.This review summarizes the up-to-date research trends and development on flavonoids and its derivatives,working mechanisms and potential functions and applications particularly in relation to plant protection and human health.Towards the end,notable concluding remarks with a close-up look at the future research directions have also been presented briefly.

Dynamics of Nitrogen Speciation in Horticultural Soils in Suburbs of Shanghai,China

Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) represents a significant pool of soluble nitrogen (N) in soil ecosystems.Soil samples under three different horticultural management practices were collected from the Xiaxiyang Organic Vegetable and Fruit Farm,Shanghai,China,to investigate the dynamics of N speciation during 2 months of aerobic incubation,to compare the effects of different soils on the mineralization of 14 C-labeled amino acids and peptides,and to determine which of the pathways in the decomposition and subsequent ammonification and nitrification of organic N represented a significant blockage in soil N supply.The dynamics of N speciation was found to be significantly affected by mineralization and immobilization.DON,total free amino acids,and NH + 4-N were maintained at very low levels and did not accumulate,whereas NO 3-N gradually accumulated in these soils.The conversion of insoluble organic N to low-molecular-weight (LMW) DON represented a main constraint to N supply,while conversions of LMW DON to NH + 4-N and NH + 4-N to NO 3-N did not.Free amino acids and peptides were rapidly mineralized in the soils by the microbial community and consequently did not accumulate in soil.Turnover rates of the additional amino acids and peptides were soil-dependent and generally followed the order of organic soil > transitional soil > conventional soil.The turnover of high-molecular-weight DON was very slow and represented the major DON loss.Further studies are needed to investigate the pathways and bottlenecks of organic N degradation.

基于机器学习和环境因子的温室网纹甜瓜纹理特征的预测

为了对网纹甜瓜纹理特征进行定量预测,本文结合多个环境因子(基质含水量、温度、湿度、光合有效辐射),使用支持向量机(SVM)与随机森林(RF)多元回归分析方法,对基于灰度共生矩阵提取的4个果实表面纹理特征——对比度(contrast)、熵(entropy)、相关性(correlation)、角二阶矩(ASM)进行了预测。结果表明,纹理特征受环境影响敏感度依次为基质水分、光合有效辐射、空气湿度或有效积温。对比RF模型和SVR模型,发现在不同环境因子输入条件下,RF模型均优于SVM模型,其中输入全部环境因子后RF模型的预测精度最高,对比度、熵、角二阶矩的模拟精度均达到了0.90,分别为R^2=0.945(RMSE=0.243)、R^2=0.940(RMSE=0.235)、R^2=0.934(RMSE=0.248)。上述结果表明,RF模型对于网纹甜瓜纹理特征具有较好的预测结果,本研究结果可为温室网纹甜瓜栽培过程中的质量监控和栽培管理提供全新的思路。

Quantifying muskmelon fruit attributes with A-TEP-based model and machine vision measurement

In this study, we established a dynamic morphological model using the accumulated thermal effectiveness and photosynthetic active radiation （PAR） （A-TEP）, aiming to explore the relationship between muskmelon （Cucumis melo L.） fruit attributes and environmental factors. Muskmelon surface color was described by parameters of red, green, blue, hue, saturation and brightness （HSI）. Three characteristic parameters, gray level co-occurrence matrix （GLCM）, angular second moment （ASM）, entropy, contrast, and the coverage rate were used to describe the process of muskmelon fruit netting formation. ASM was not significant difference during muskmelon fruit growth. The number and deep of netting stripes gradually increased with fruit growth. Coverage rate increased rapidly for 15-30 d after pollination. The vertical and horizontal diameters of muskmelon fruit were followed a logistic curve. And root mean squared errors （RMSE） between the simulated and measured vertical and horizontal diameters were 3.527 and 4.696 mm, respectively. RMSE of red, green, blue, saturation and brightness were 0.999, 2.690, 2.992, 0.033 and 5.51, respectively, and the RMSE for entropy, contrast and coverage rates were 0.077, 0.063 and 0.015, respectively, indicating a well consistent between measured and simulated values.

Metabolic Response of Pakchoi Leaves to Amino Acid Nitrogen

Different nitrogen （N） forms may cause changes in the metabolic profiles of plants. However, few studies have been conducted on the effects of amino acid-N on plant metabolic profiles. The main objective of this study was to identify primary metabolites associated with amino acid-N （Gly, Gln and Ala） through metabolic profile analysis using gas chromatography- mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. Plants of pakchoi （Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis L.）, Huawang and Wuyueman cultivars, were grown with different nitrogen forms （i.e., Gly, Gln, Ala, NO3-N, and N starvation） applied under sterile hydroponic conditions. The fresh weight and plant N accumulation of Huawang were greater than those of Wuyueman, which indicates that the former exhibited better N-use efficiency than the latter. The physiological performances of the applied N forms were generally in the order of NO3-N〉Gln〉Gly〉Ala. The metabolic analysis of leaf polar extracts revealed 30 amino acid N-responsive metabolites in the two pakchoi cultivars, mainly consisting of sugars, amino acids, and organic acids. Changes in the carbon metabolism of pakchoi leaves under amino acid treatments occurred via the accumulation of fructose, glucose, xylose, and arabinose. Disruption of amino acid metabolism resulted in accumulation of endogenous Gly in Gly treatment, Pro in Ala treatment, and Asn in three amino acid （Gly, Gln and Ala） treatments. By contrast, the levels of endogenous Gln and Leu decreased. However, this reduction varied among cultivars and amino acid types. Amino acid-N supply also affected the citric acid cycle, namely, the second stage of respiration, where leaves in Gly, Gln and Ala treatments contained low levels of malic, citric and succinic acids compared with leaves in NO3-N treatments. No significant difference in the metabolic responses was observed between the two cultivars which differed in their capability to use N. The response of primary metabolites in pakchoi leaves to amino acid-N supply may serve an important function in pakchoi adaptation to amino acid-N sources.

Effects of Nitrogen Forms on Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation in Tomato Seedling

Utilization of organic nitrogen （N） is an important aspect of plant N assimilation and has potential application in sustainable agriculture. The aim of this study was to investigate the plant growth, C and N accumulation in leaves and roots of tomato seedlings in response to inorganic （NH4^＋-N, NO3^-N） and organic nitrogen （Gly-N）. Different forms of nitrogen （NH4^＋-N, NO3^--N, Gly-N） were supplied to two tomato cultivars （Shenfen 918 and Huying 932） using a hydroponics system. The plant dry biomass, chlorophyll content, root activity, total carbon and nitrogen content in roots and leaves, and total N absorption, etc. were assayed during the cultivation. Our results showed that no significant differences in plant height, dry biomass, and total N content were found within the first 16 d among three treatments; however, significant differences in treatments on 24 d and 32 d were observed, and the order was NO3^--N 〉 Gly-N 〉 NH4^＋-N. Significant differences were also observed between the two tomato cultivars. Chlorophyll contents in the two cultivars were significantly increased by the Gly-N treatment, and root activity showed a significant decrease in NHa^＋-N treatment. Tomato leaf total carbon content was slightly affected by different N forms; however, total carbon in root and total nitrogen in root and leaf were promoted significantly by inorganic and organic N. Among the applied N forms, the increasing effects of the NH4^＋-N treatment were larger than that of the Gly-N. In a word, different N resources resulted in different physiological effects in tomatoes. Organic nitrogen （e.g., Gly-N） can be a proper resource of plant N nutrition. Tomatoes of different genotypes had different responses under organic nitrogen （e.g., Gly-N） supplies.

基于冠层光谱与表型信息融合的温室网纹甜瓜水分预测模型

为连续、快速地预测甜瓜植株含水率,提高预测精度,本研究在对不同水分处理下,冠层叶片反射光谱和植株表型特征进行分析的基础上,采用多信息融合技术,对温室网纹甜瓜植株进行了水分预测研究。结果表明,多信息融合技术对水分的预测精度优于单一的光谱和表型预测方法。预测结果在幼苗期、伸蔓期和果实生长期实测值与预测值拟合优度(r^2)分别为0.710、0.857和0.939;平均相对误差(MRE)分别为1.27%、0.74%和0.07%;相对均方根差(RRMSE)分别为1.45%、0.97%和1.58%。研究结果为网纹甜瓜生产中水分精准管理提供了理论基础。

Comparative Analysis of Gene Expression in Two Muskmelon Cultivars(Cucumis melo L.) Under Salt Stress

Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses that adversely affects crop growth and productivity. A subtractive suppression hybridization （SSH） library were constructed from the roots of salt-sensitive Yulu cultivar melon seedlings under salt stress; 557 high-quality expressed sequence tags （ESTs） were randomly sequenced, with an average size of 428 bp, which assembled into 68 contigs and 315 singletons. Compared with our previous SSH library generated from the salt-tolerant Bingxuecui cultivar, the proportion of transcripts involved in metabolism, protein fate, cellular communication/signal transduction mechanisms, and cell rescue/defense were 4, 1.46, 0.94, and 0.4% higher, respectively, in the salt-tolerant cultivar than the in salt-sensitive cultivar. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of eleven transcripts revealed temporal variations in their expression in the two cultivars under salt stress. One NAC gene （JZ477011） was heterologously expressed in yeast for functional characterization, and enhanced the sensitivity of yeast cells to high-salinity to salt stress and inhibited their growth. Information regards to their functions would aid in the understanding of response mechanisms to saline stress and in the development of molecular markers for selecting salt-tolerant melon cultivars.

老年骨科住院患者医院感染影响因素的研究

目的分析老年骨科住院患者医院感染的影响因素,探讨预防医院感染措施,以期降低老年骨科住院患者医院感染率,提升患者预后质量。方法选取2015年11月-2016年11月医院收治的老年骨科住院患者328例,对患者临床基线资料(性别、年龄、体质量、体质量指数、合并基础疾病、肢体制动时间等)进行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析,分析感染患者感染部位、感染病原菌构成情况,结合感染影响因素,探讨预防老年骨科住院患者医院感染对策。结果 328例患者中有35例医院感染,感染率为10.67%,以手术切口感染18例占51.43%为主,其次为呼吸系统感染12例占34.29%;多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,老年骨科住院患者年龄>70岁、女性、BMI<18.0kg/m2、合并基础疾病、肢体制动时间>7d、手术治疗、侵入性操作次数>3次、有植入物、住院时间>14d、抗菌药物使用疗程>3个是发生医院感染的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论老年骨科住院患者医院感染的影响因素较多,临床医护过程中在加强人、机、料、法、环控制的同时,还应关注患者个体情况,采取针对性的治疗方案和康复方案,提升患者抵御病原菌侵袭的能力,降低患者发生医院感染的概率。

不同年限有机栽培对土壤生物固氮活性的影响

氮是对作物生长和产量维持最重要的元素。有机农业无化学肥料投入,生物固氮是氮素最重要的来源之一。然而到目前为止,有机栽培对农田土壤微生物固氮活性的影响尚不清楚。本文以20年常规栽培花椰菜农田土壤为对照,比较经10年、14年、20年有机栽培后土壤微生物固氮活性的变化,并通过多元统计分析探究了影响土壤生物固氮活性的因素。研究结果表明,在7天的测定周期中,与常规栽培相比,10年和14年有机栽培降低了前期土壤生物固氮速率,但整个周期累积固氮在量各处理间无显著差异。不同年限有机栽培对土壤生物固氮速率和累积固氮量影响显著,整体而言14年有机栽培的最低,10年和20年有机栽培间的差异因培养时间而异。培养结束时,常规栽培土壤固氮速率接近于0,有机栽培的花椰菜土壤则仍保持较高活性。皮尔森相关分析和冗余分析(RDA)表明,NH_(4)^(+)、NO_(3)^(-)及Olsen P含量是影响有机栽培土壤生物固氮活性的关键因素;其中,NO_(3)^(-)对固氮有抑制作用,Olsen P则促进了土壤生物固氮活性的增加。

结节性筋膜炎的超声声像图特征及误诊分析

目的:探讨结节性筋膜炎(Nodular fasciitis,NF)的声像图特点及误诊原因,以提高超声对NF诊断准确性。方法:对术后病理证实的19例NF的彩色多普勒超声图像进行回顾性分析,总结其声像图特征,结合临床资料,统计误诊情况。结果:19例NF均为单发,皮下型9例,肌内型6例,筋膜型4例;形态上表现为椭圆形14例,分叶状1例,不规则形4例;边界清15例,边界不清4例;内部回声表现为低回声11例(均匀2例、不均匀9例)、混合性回声8例(低回声伴边缘高回声3例、高回声伴裂隙状低回声1例、高低相间回声4例),内部有液化10例、无液化9例;后方回声增强13例、后方回声无变化6例;有筋膜尾征3例、无筋膜尾征16例;血流信号表现为0级4例、Ⅰ级4例、Ⅱ级6例、Ⅲ级5例。19例NF误诊8例,误诊为神经鞘瘤3例,脂肪瘤2例,脂肪坏死1例,血管瘤1例,性质待定1例。结论:NF的声像图具有一定特征性,结合临床病史加强对本病的认识对提高诊断准确性有重要意义。