Background The epidemiologic pictures of Kawasaki disease （KD） in Shanghai from 1998 through 2002 were reported while the current status of KD in the following five years remains unknown. Methods A questionnaire for...Background The epidemiologic pictures of Kawasaki disease （KD） in Shanghai from 1998 through 2002 were reported while the current status of KD in the following five years remains unknown. Methods A questionnaire form and diagnostic guidelines for KD were sent to 50 hospitals providing pediatric medical care in Shanghai, China. All patients with KD diagnosed during January 2003 through December 2007 were recruited. Results In total, 1187 cases of KD were enrolled. The incidence of KD was 36.78 to 53.28 （mean 46.32±6.51） per 100 000 children under the age of 5 years between 2003 and 2007, which was higher than the year from 1998 to 2002 of （27.32±7.11） per 100 000, （t=4.406, P=0.002）. Ages at onset ranged from 12 days to 13.6 years （median 1.8 years）. It occurred more frequently in summer and spring. Coronary arterial lesions （CAL）, defined as ectasia or aneurysm, accounted for 19.8% （232 cases）. Flattened or inverted T wave was the most frequent finding （194 cases, 20.5%） by electrocardiogram. Intravenous gamma-globulin was administrated to 1028 cases （86.6%）. The occurrence of CAL seemed less frequent in the patients received gamma-globulin from day 5 to day 9 after the onset with the regimen of 1000 mg/kg once or 1000 mg/kg twice. Conclusions The incidence of KD was increasing in Shanghai. Treatment with intravenous gamma-globulin from day 5 to day 9 after the onset with the regimen of 1000 mg/kg once or 1000 mg/kg twice resulted in less coronary seauelae.展开更多
The left pulmonary artery sling （LPAS） is a rare vascular anomaly causing respiratory distress in which theleft pulmonary artery arises from the posterior aspect of the right pulmonary artery, courses posteriorly to...The left pulmonary artery sling （LPAS） is a rare vascular anomaly causing respiratory distress in which theleft pulmonary artery arises from the posterior aspect of the right pulmonary artery, courses posteriorly to the right of the bronchus and passes between the trachea and oesophagus to reach the hilum of the left lung. The LPAS is frequently associated with tracheobronchial tree anomalies and congenital cardiac defects. Proper assessment of the tracheobronchial and cardiovascular anomaly is essential in LPAS for planning management of the patient. Currently,展开更多
Background The connexin43 knockout （Cx43 KO） mouse dies at birth with an enlarged conotruncal region, which leads to the obstruction of the right outflow tract （OFT）. Since myocardialization of the proximal OFT se...Background The connexin43 knockout （Cx43 KO） mouse dies at birth with an enlarged conotruncal region, which leads to the obstruction of the right outflow tract （OFT）. Since myocardialization of the proximal OFT septum is one of the key events during heart development, we investigated the process in the Cx43 KO embryo hearts. Rho associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase 1 （ROCK1）, is a recently found key molecule to regulate the myocardialization of OFT, but its spatiotemporal expression pattern during myocardialization remains unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the differentially expressed pattern of ROCK1 between Cx43 KO and wild type embryo hearts, and its relationship with the delayed myocardialization in Cx43 KO embryo hearts. Methods Using immunohistochemistry, the processes of myocardiolization were investigated both in Cx43 KO and wild type embryo hearts. The differentially expressed pattern of ROCK1 between Cx43 KO and wildtype embryo hearts was evaluated both at the mRNA and protein level by real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results The expression of α-sarcomeric actin （α-SCA） in the proximal OFT septum of Cx43 KO embryos was delayed. Meanwhile, it was shown that the downregulation of ROCK1 coincided with delayed myocardialization. The expression of ROCK1 protein was mainly limited to the proximal outflow tract septum from embryo day （E） Ell.5 to E15.5. Its expression pattern was similar with that of α-SCA. Real-time RT-PCR found that the expression level of Rock-1 mRNA began at a low level on Ell .5 and reached peak at E13.5 and E14.5. Conclusions ROCK1 may have an important role in the process of myocardialization of the proximal OFT septum. Downregulation of ROCK1 is likely to contribute to the aberrant myocardialization in Cx43 KO embryo hearts.展开更多
Background Birth asphyxia may result in multiple organ dysfunction such as lung injury. Inhalation of nebulized nitric oxide precursor can selectively reduce pulmonary hypertension. However, it is unknown whether such...Background Birth asphyxia may result in multiple organ dysfunction such as lung injury. Inhalation of nebulized nitric oxide precursor can selectively reduce pulmonary hypertension. However, it is unknown whether such precursors can alleviate lung injury induced by hypoxia. We evaluated the effect of inhalation of nebulized nitroglycerine and sodium nitroprusside on acute hypoxic lung injury in newborn piglets. Methods Acute hypoxic lung injury was induced by inspiring 10% 02 for 1 hour. Twenty-four anaesthetized and mechanically ventilated piglets （5-7 days old） were randomly divided into four groups： （1） group S, not hypoxic; （2） group C, nebulized saline after hypoxia; （3） group NTG, nebulized nitroglycerine after hypoxia; （4） group SNP, nebulized sodium nitroprusside after hypoxia, Respiratory dynamic compliance and resistance of respiratory system were recorded at baseline, 0.5 hour and 1 hour of hypoxia; then 0.5 hour, 1 hour, 3 hours and 5 hours following hypoxia. After nebulization, arterial blood was collected for measuring methaemoglobin and nitrate/nitrite levels. Right lung tissue, wet-dry ratio and myeloperoxidase level were determined. White blood cell count （WBC）, total surfactant phospholipids （TPL） and disaturated phosphatidyl choline （DSPC） of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） were calculated. Left lungs were used for examining pathological changes. Results No significant difference was observed in respiratory dynamic compliance, resistance of respiratory system, wet-dry ratio, levels of methaemoglobin and nitrate/nitrite after nebulization, TPL or DSPC/TPL among four groups. WBC in BALF in groups NTG and SNP significantly decreased as compared with group C： similarly for myeloperoxidase level in lung tissue. Lung histological findings showed infiltration of neutrophils in groups NTG and SNP decreased significantly as compared with group C. Conclusion Inhalation of nebulized nitroglycerine or sodium nitroprusside can alleviate the infiltration of neutrophils, while it affects neither the metabolism of phospholipids nor water content in the lungs.展开更多
文摘Background The epidemiologic pictures of Kawasaki disease （KD） in Shanghai from 1998 through 2002 were reported while the current status of KD in the following five years remains unknown. Methods A questionnaire form and diagnostic guidelines for KD were sent to 50 hospitals providing pediatric medical care in Shanghai, China. All patients with KD diagnosed during January 2003 through December 2007 were recruited. Results In total, 1187 cases of KD were enrolled. The incidence of KD was 36.78 to 53.28 （mean 46.32±6.51） per 100 000 children under the age of 5 years between 2003 and 2007, which was higher than the year from 1998 to 2002 of （27.32±7.11） per 100 000, （t=4.406, P=0.002）. Ages at onset ranged from 12 days to 13.6 years （median 1.8 years）. It occurred more frequently in summer and spring. Coronary arterial lesions （CAL）, defined as ectasia or aneurysm, accounted for 19.8% （232 cases）. Flattened or inverted T wave was the most frequent finding （194 cases, 20.5%） by electrocardiogram. Intravenous gamma-globulin was administrated to 1028 cases （86.6%）. The occurrence of CAL seemed less frequent in the patients received gamma-globulin from day 5 to day 9 after the onset with the regimen of 1000 mg/kg once or 1000 mg/kg twice. Conclusions The incidence of KD was increasing in Shanghai. Treatment with intravenous gamma-globulin from day 5 to day 9 after the onset with the regimen of 1000 mg/kg once or 1000 mg/kg twice resulted in less coronary seauelae.
文摘The left pulmonary artery sling （LPAS） is a rare vascular anomaly causing respiratory distress in which theleft pulmonary artery arises from the posterior aspect of the right pulmonary artery, courses posteriorly to the right of the bronchus and passes between the trachea and oesophagus to reach the hilum of the left lung. The LPAS is frequently associated with tracheobronchial tree anomalies and congenital cardiac defects. Proper assessment of the tracheobronchial and cardiovascular anomaly is essential in LPAS for planning management of the patient. Currently,
基金This work was supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 30772337 and 30930096）, the National ＂973＂ Project sponsored by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China （Nos. 2009CB941704 and 2010CB529500）.Acknowledgements： We are grateful to Dr. Cecilia W. Lo, director of Department of Developmental Biology, Pittsburgh University Medical School, for generously providing Cx43 KO mice for this study.
文摘Background The connexin43 knockout （Cx43 KO） mouse dies at birth with an enlarged conotruncal region, which leads to the obstruction of the right outflow tract （OFT）. Since myocardialization of the proximal OFT septum is one of the key events during heart development, we investigated the process in the Cx43 KO embryo hearts. Rho associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase 1 （ROCK1）, is a recently found key molecule to regulate the myocardialization of OFT, but its spatiotemporal expression pattern during myocardialization remains unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the differentially expressed pattern of ROCK1 between Cx43 KO and wild type embryo hearts, and its relationship with the delayed myocardialization in Cx43 KO embryo hearts. Methods Using immunohistochemistry, the processes of myocardiolization were investigated both in Cx43 KO and wild type embryo hearts. The differentially expressed pattern of ROCK1 between Cx43 KO and wildtype embryo hearts was evaluated both at the mRNA and protein level by real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results The expression of α-sarcomeric actin （α-SCA） in the proximal OFT septum of Cx43 KO embryos was delayed. Meanwhile, it was shown that the downregulation of ROCK1 coincided with delayed myocardialization. The expression of ROCK1 protein was mainly limited to the proximal outflow tract septum from embryo day （E） Ell.5 to E15.5. Its expression pattern was similar with that of α-SCA. Real-time RT-PCR found that the expression level of Rock-1 mRNA began at a low level on Ell .5 and reached peak at E13.5 and E14.5. Conclusions ROCK1 may have an important role in the process of myocardialization of the proximal OFT septum. Downregulation of ROCK1 is likely to contribute to the aberrant myocardialization in Cx43 KO embryo hearts.
文摘Background Birth asphyxia may result in multiple organ dysfunction such as lung injury. Inhalation of nebulized nitric oxide precursor can selectively reduce pulmonary hypertension. However, it is unknown whether such precursors can alleviate lung injury induced by hypoxia. We evaluated the effect of inhalation of nebulized nitroglycerine and sodium nitroprusside on acute hypoxic lung injury in newborn piglets. Methods Acute hypoxic lung injury was induced by inspiring 10% 02 for 1 hour. Twenty-four anaesthetized and mechanically ventilated piglets （5-7 days old） were randomly divided into four groups： （1） group S, not hypoxic; （2） group C, nebulized saline after hypoxia; （3） group NTG, nebulized nitroglycerine after hypoxia; （4） group SNP, nebulized sodium nitroprusside after hypoxia, Respiratory dynamic compliance and resistance of respiratory system were recorded at baseline, 0.5 hour and 1 hour of hypoxia; then 0.5 hour, 1 hour, 3 hours and 5 hours following hypoxia. After nebulization, arterial blood was collected for measuring methaemoglobin and nitrate/nitrite levels. Right lung tissue, wet-dry ratio and myeloperoxidase level were determined. White blood cell count （WBC）, total surfactant phospholipids （TPL） and disaturated phosphatidyl choline （DSPC） of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） were calculated. Left lungs were used for examining pathological changes. Results No significant difference was observed in respiratory dynamic compliance, resistance of respiratory system, wet-dry ratio, levels of methaemoglobin and nitrate/nitrite after nebulization, TPL or DSPC/TPL among four groups. WBC in BALF in groups NTG and SNP significantly decreased as compared with group C： similarly for myeloperoxidase level in lung tissue. Lung histological findings showed infiltration of neutrophils in groups NTG and SNP decreased significantly as compared with group C. Conclusion Inhalation of nebulized nitroglycerine or sodium nitroprusside can alleviate the infiltration of neutrophils, while it affects neither the metabolism of phospholipids nor water content in the lungs.
